Applying Technology: Producing Products and Structures

5

Applying Technology: Producing Products

and Structures

14

The Types of Material Resources and How They Are

Obtained

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

• Recall the types of natural resources used as inputs to production systems.

• Recall the types of genetic materials used in production systems.

• Recall the types of fossil fuel materials used in production systems.

• Recall the types of minerals used in production systems.


• Explain how genetic materials are obtained for use in production systems.

• Explain how fossil fuel materials are located and obtained for use in production systems.

• Explain how minerals are located and obtained for use in production systems.


Types of Natural Resources

• Three types of natural resources can become the inputs to production systems.


Genetic Materials

• We obtain genetic materials through:• Farming.• Fishing.• Forestry.

• Grains, vegetable fibers, and animals or fish are the more commonly used genetic materials.

• All genetic materials go through birth or germination, maturity, and death.


Fossil Fuel Materials

• Petroleum.• Used to make liquids and gases like gasoline, propane,

and plastic resins.

• Natural gas.• Used as fuel for homes, to make plastics, chemicals,

and fertilizers.

• Coal.• Used as an energy and heating source.


Coal

• Three types of coal:• Lignite coal. • Bituminous coal (soft coal).• Anthracite coal.

• Coal does not burn cleanly.• Coal’s sulfur content is a

source of chemicals that make acid rain.


What are the advantages and disadvantages to using fossil fuels?


Minerals

• Minerals can be grouped into four different families based on their similar economic values:• Ores.• Nonmetallic minerals.• Ceramic minerals.• Gems.


Obtaining Genetic Materials

• The major challenge is to harvest the plant or animal at the proper stage of growth.

• However, most genetic materials are easy to grow or raise.

• Private farms are made to monitor and control growth of most organic materials that are harvested.


Harvesting Trees

• There are several steps to removing trees:• Timber cruising.• Preparing topographical maps.• Planning the proper way to harvest.• Planning logging roads and loading sites.• Selecting the type of logging to match the terrain

and forest.


Logging Methods

• Clear cutting.• Allows replanting of trees

that cannot compete with mature trees.

• Seed-tree cutting.• Controls number of

reseeded species.

• Selective cutting.• Used in pine forests.


Logging

• Fellers and buckers prepare the trees for yarding.


Obtaining Petroleum and Natural Gas

• Geologists and geophysicists look for dense rock formations that usually contain deposits of oil and gas, or proven reserves.

• The most accurate way to locate petroleum and natural gas is seismographic study.

• Other methods of finding potential fields:• Geological mapping.• Fossil study.• Core samples from drilling.


Drilling for Oil and Gas

• A mud mixture is pumped while drilling.• Cools and lubricates the drill

bit.• Pulls rock to the surface.• Seals off and maintains

pressure to prevent a blowout.

• A system of valves and pumps then sends oil and gas to plants and refineries.


Obtaining Coal

• Coal is removed by one of three types of mining:• Surface or open-pit mining • Underground mining• Fluid mining


Underground Mining

• Shaft mining.• Slope mining.• Drift mining.• Elevators, coal cars, and

conveyors are used to get the coal to the surface.


Obtaining Minerals

• Three techniques are used to obtain minerals:• Very deep open-pit mines. • Fluid mining (commonly used to mine sulfur).• Evaporation (used in the Great Salt Lake in Utah).


• Forest and conservation workers.• Perform tasks associated with replanting and

conserving timberlands.• Requires little formal education, but classes are offered

in general forestry, wildlife, conservation, and forest harvesting.


What are the three types of natural material resources?

Genetic materials, fossil fuels, and minerals.


What are some types of genetic materials used in production?

Grains, vegetable fibers, and animals or fish.


What fossil fuels are used in production systems?

Petroleum, natural gas, and coal.


What sort of minerals are obtained for use in production systems?

Ores, nonmetallic minerals, ceramic minerals, and gems.


What is clear-cutting?

All trees, regardless of species or size, are removed from a plot of land that is generally less than 1000 acres. This allows for replanting the area with trees that cannot grow in competition with mature trees.


How are fossil fuel materials located?

The use of seismographic study is used to find fossil fuels.


Through what processes are minerals obtained?

Evaporation, fluid mining, and open-pit mining.

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