Applying the Rules to Environmental Science: Biogeochemical Cycles
Applying science and engineering to today’s environmental ... · Applying science and engineering...
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Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
Applying science and engineering totoday’s environmental and energy
challenges
An Introduction to theIdaho National Engineering and
Environmental Laboratory
Kevin Kostelnik, Environmental Systems
October 17, 2003
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
The INEEL . . . is located on 890 square miles (569,135 acres)
1940 Naval Gunnery Range1950 National Reactor Testing Station
• Experimental Breeder Reactor No. I – First Electric Power• 52 Nuclear Reactors
1974 Designated Multi-program National Laboratory1999 Nuclear Energy Lead Laboratory2000 Environmental Management Lead Laboratory
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
Idaho Falls Facilities
INEEL’s unique capabilities support variousnational and international customers
Test Reactor Area (TRA)
Idaho Nuclear Technology &Engineering Center (INTEC)
Test Area North (TAN)
Central Facilities Area (CFA)
Radioactive Waste ManagementComplex (RWMC)
Naval Reactors Facility(NRF)
Argonne National Laboratory-West (ANL-W)
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
• Nuclear Energy Research
• National Security
• Environmental Management
• Energy & Environmental Science
INEEL is a multi-program National Laboratory
Develop and transfer advanced technologysolutions to national and international needs
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
Grand Challenges
• Environmental Sustainabilityrequires an improvedunderstanding of the subsurface
• Energy Sustainability requiresdevelopment of new energyalternatives
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
INEEL is located above the Snake River Aquifer
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
Environmental Sustainability requires an improvedunderstanding of the Subsurface
• Protection of the world’saquifers
• Containment of hazardousmaterials
• Improved interpretation andprediction of contaminantfate and transport
• Identification,characterization, andutilization of energy reserves
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
Inadequate understanding leads tounreliable models• Technology for characterizing
subsurface properties andheterogeneities
• Data sets for model calibrationand validation
• Data to scale up fromlaboratory to field
• Understanding the couplingamong processes
Geocentrifuge Research Laboratory – an INEEL User-Facility
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
• Measures pressure and temperature in vadose zone
• 500 ft. depths
• Automated and continuous data collection
• Design life >30 yrs
• Direct measurement
Advanced Tensiometers
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
Surface and Cross-Borehole RadarTomography to develop better constrainedinversion of surface-based radar data
Knowntarget
Surface Radar Measurements
Surface to Borehole Radar Measurements
ε = 4.7
ε = 80
Substance Dielectric constantQuartz 4.7Shale 13-15water 80CCl4 2.2TCE 7.2
Tank
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
Electrical Resistance TomographySystem Monitors Ruby Gulch AcidRock Drainage
• 270-acre Gilt Edge Mine site in South Dakota• 70-acre isolation-containment facility• 650-electrode array of down-hole and surface electrodes• Autonomous, remotely controllable data acquisition
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
Enhanced Bioremediation andNatural Attenuation at INEEL
• Cost effective alternativeto groundwater Pumpand Treat
• Significantly reducedremediation time
• No generation ofsecondary wastestreams
• Cost Savings: $14M• Schedule: 50% reduction• Licensed to Northwind
Environmental
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
Horizontal Subsurface Barrier forcontaminant isolation
� Creates a verifiablehorizontal subsurfacebarrier in situ
� Series of interlockedhorizontal tubes
� Integrated withsensors forverification and long-term monitoring
� Development Partner• Obayashi Corp.
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
Energy Sustainability requires developmentof improved and new energy alternatives
• Nuclear• Hydrogen• Renewable
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
Generation IV Nuclear Technology
• Very-high Temperature Reactor• Molten Salt Reactor• Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor• Supercritical-water Cooled Reactor• Gas-cooled Fast Reactor• Lead-cooled Fast Reactor
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
Hydrogen as an Alternate Fuel
• Energy security- Less dependence on imported sources
• Clearer- No greenhouse gas emissions
“Splitting Water”
• Conventional electrolysis• Nuclear assisted steam methane reforming• Thermochemical cycles• High temperature electrolysis
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
Using Hydrogen in Real Life• INEEL is the technical manager for a hydrogen fueling
station operated by Arizona Public Service– Dispenses hydrogen, CNG or hydrogen/CNG blend
– Tests vehicles, over 170,000 combined miles to date
– Monitors vehicle emissions to meet air quality standards
Phoenix, AR
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
Compressed and LiquefiedNatural Gas Infrastructure
Low-cost small scale natural gasliquefaction plants provide a reliablesource of alternate fuel for consumers
Sacramento, CA
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
Yellowstone National Park UsingAlternate Fuels Vehicle
• Modern version of traditional park bus• Clean/low-emissions• Alternative Fuels
– Compressed and LiquefiedNatural Gas, Ethanol, Propane,Hydrogen
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
Bioenergy Research - Whole Crop Utilization
Developments for the costeffective utilization of cropresiduals
� create new industry
� revitalize ruraleconomies
� additional revenuesource for farmers
� lessen dependenceon foreign oil
Single-pass, multiple-function vehicle that harvests and bales.
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
IndustryARi, Arkenol, CNH Global, Cargill-Dow, Iogen, Cargill, Cummins,ValvolineUniversitiesUniv. of Idaho, Iowa State, Univ. ofKentucky, Univ. of Tennessee,Washington State, Penn StateGrowersNational Association of WheatGrowers, Idaho WheatCommission, Grant 4-D Farms,Martin Farms, Holmes Farms,Hess Farms, Iowa and MinnesotaCorn Promotion BoardsNational LaboratoriesORNL, PNNL, ANL, NREL
INEEL Bioenergy FeedstockResearch Institute
Farms of the future will produce food, fiber and bioenergy/bioproducts feedstocks.
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
Take away thoughts on INEEL
• A multi-program, applied engineering laboratory– Environmental– Energy
• Unique capabilities and resources are available• Advanced technology solutions for national and
international needs• Various mechanisms exist for collaborative partnerships
– Private sector– Universities– Government