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![Page 1: Applying Complexity to Consulting, Research & Teaching A Human Interaction Dynamics (HID) perspective James K. Hazy Adelphi University Founder, Leadership.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022103005/56649e525503460f94b47d29/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Applying Complexity to
Consulting, Research & TeachingA Human Interaction Dynamics (HID) perspective
James K. HazyAdelphi University
Founder, Leadership Science, LLCAcademy of Management Annual Meeting
Vancouver BC, August 8, 2015
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Fitness= ProbabilityOf Survival
Short Longer
Operating Capabilities
Dynamic Capabilities
Entrainmentby Reducing Degrees of Freedom
Time Horizon
A consistent, stable environment allows a unitary leadership focus on operating capabilities (and entrainment in them)
to sustain an organization even over the long term
Emergenceby Increasing Degrees of Freedom
The Good Old Days!
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Fitness= ProbabilityOf Survival
Short Longer
Entrainmentby Reducing Degrees of Freedom
Time Horizon
OperatingCapabilities
Emergenceby Increasing Degrees of Freedom
Dynamic Capabilities
A changing environment introduces a cross-over point which implies tension between a leadership focus on operating capabilities and the mechanisms
entrainment and dynamic capabilities and the mechanisms of emergence depending on planning time horizon
So Last Century!
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Fitness= ProbabilityOf Survival
Short Longer
Entrainmentby Reducing Degrees of Freedom
Emergenceby Increasing Degrees of Freedom
Time Horizon
Dynamic Capabilities
OperatingCapabilities
Increasing divergence inecosystem over time shortens the horizon where focusing
on operating capabilities alone remain viable
This was the
2000s!
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Fitness= ProbabilityOf Survival
Short Longer
Emergenceby Increasing Degrees of Freedom
Time Horizon
Dynamic Capabilities
OperatingCapabilities
Rapid divergence in the ecosystem requires a leadership focus onemergence to build new capabilities in the short as well as the longer term
even as operating capabilities are being implemented in the present.
The “sharing
economy” along
with
the “Internet of
things”
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OpportunitySeeking
Value Discovering
StrategicAmbiguityDivergence
Fine-GrainInteractions
(FGI)Autonomy
EntrepreneurialOrganizing
Value Gathering
InterpretativeDominanceConvergence
Coarse-GrainProperties
(CGP)Integrative
ChangingEcosystems
Dynamical Systems &Attractors
Information/ Entropy
Computational/Algorithmic Complexity
Identity/Entity
Structural & RelationalComplexity
Many (Plurality) One (Unity)
Abstract Framework
Level 3: Ecosystem-Level Dynamic search on fitness landscapes
Level 2: Event-LevelPredicting future state underuncertainty
Level 1: Identity-LevelDetermining “Logical” Categories of unity, relations & identity.
Human Interaction Dynamics (HID)Difference – Dualities – Sameness Analytical
RepresentationExploration Exploitation
Let’s look at these layers from the bottom up
(Hazy & Backström, 2013b)
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New Management Imperatives
• Context – Use information to parameterize internal and external complexity and map among categorical representations to enable efficacious decisions and actions
• Catalysis - Engage predictability (cycles) & uncertainty (events) by accelerating information gathering and using by testing ideas through action – “Leadership Practices”
• Categories - Determine and communicate a common understanding of who is acting and what is being done.– Mission: Construct largest Category supporting a Project that can be
accomplished by these People: “limit” as greatest lower bound (GLB) – Roadmap: Construct smallest Category reflecting: connected activities
connected people: “co-limit” as least upper bound (LUB)
Π
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8
Research Questions & Methods
RQ1: What category theoretic frameworks can be developed & how can real-time data be gathered and processed to efficaciously solve organizing problems?
RQ2: Which leadership practices are necessary for catalyzing organizing and at what frequency is each required to sustain each requisite leadership function under various circumstances?
RQ3: What mathematical and computational models can be developed to simulate the potential field effects on organizing under various environmental and internal interaction conditions?
Methods Development: Data collection/analysis techniques and algorithms, a Leadership Practices Data Collection instrument, and mathematical & computational simulation models.
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References1.Goldstein, J. (2015). Reimagining emergence, Part 3: Uncomputability, transformation, and self-transcending constructions. E:CO ,
16(2): 116-176.
2. Goldstein, J., Hazy, J. K., & Lichtenstein, B. (2010). Complexity and the Nexus of Leadership: Leveraging Nonlinear Science to Create
Ecologies of Innovation. Palgrave Macmillan: Englewood Cliffs.
3.Hazy, J. K., & Ashley, A. (2011). Unfolding the Future: Bifurcation in Organizing Form and Emergence in Social Systems. Emergence:
Complexity and Organization, ISSN: 1521-3250, 13(3), 58-80.
4.Hazy, J. K., & Backström, T. (2013a). Human Interaction Dynamics (HID): Foundations, Definitions, and Directions. Emergence:
Complexity and Organization, 15(4).
5.Hazy, J. K., & Backström, T. (2013b). Editorial: Human Interaction Dynamics (HID)—An Emerging Paradigm for Management Research.
Emergence: Complexity and Organization, (15)4: i-ix
6.Hazy, J. K. & Boyatzis, R. E. (in press). Emotional Contagion and Proto-Organizing in Human Interaction Dynamics. Frontiers in
Psychology Organizational Psychology.
7.Hazy, J. K., Millhiser, W., & Solow, D. (2007). Mathematical and computational models of leadership: Past and future. In J. K. Hazy, J.
Goldstein & B. B. Lichtenstein (eds.). Complex Systems Leadership Theory (pp. 345-370). Mansfield, MA: ISCE Publishing.
8.Hazy, J. K. & Wolenski, P. R. (in press). Phase transition and complex social contagion as enabling mechanism s for coordinated action
in populations: A mathematical framework. In E. Mitleton-Kelly, Prof. A. Paraskevas, C. Day (Eds). Edward Elgar Handbook of Research
Methods in Complexity Science: Theory & Application.
9.Holland, J. H. (1995). Hidden order: How adaptation builds complexity. Reading, Massachusetts: Perseus Books.
10.Mac Lane, S. (1978). Category Theory for the working mathematician, 2nd edition. New York: Springer.
11.Spivak, D.I. (2014). Category theory for the sciences. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
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Questions?
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Back-Up Slides
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Group of members, mi
has a
Team“limit”
has a
Project
decodesas a
has a
Cooperative Structure“colimit”
P X G P
G
“Pullback” or “meet”Ordering in Space of Possibilities
Define: Observed “Emergence of a Team Cooperative Structure” as a “Fact” The above statement is “True” iff the diagram commutes, that is, iff …
P G
Π
“Pushout”or “join”Disjoint Union for Clarity
of Role Interfaces & Map of Activities
Team Project Cooperative Structure Team Group Cooperative Structure
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Hypothesis I: The above diagram commutes, iff… Benefit Maximized (PXG) less Cost Minimized (P G) = Value >
Hypothesis II: Autocatalysis occurs iff catalytic Leadership Practices are present
Hypothesis III: The presence of Residual Complexity between• External Complexity in the ecosystem (context) and the • Internal Complexity within the organizing system (category structure) enables the emergence of a new Cooperative Structure (storing additional information) that enhances the system’s predictability.
Π
Implications
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Five Leadership Functions
• Gathering Information for situational awareness• Generative activities to create options that
accelerate information producing events• Using information by implementing the structures
for resource and information flows• Administering the execution & control of activities,
resources & information• Building community & evolving collective identity
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15–
Frequency of LeadershipPractices
Organizing/ Coordinating Mechanism
System Function Performed
Collective-LevelSituational Awareness
Emergence
Ratcheting/Timely & Effective Decision-Making
Entrainment
Shared Identity
Info Gathering/ Learning Culture
Generative/ Creating Alternatives & Options
Info Using/Accountability Culture
Administration/Efficient Executing
Sense of Community/Employee Engagement
Illustrative Practice:- Ask questions of diverse parties
- Bias to“ try something” with others and process feedback
- Promote people & activities for success not politics
- Offer incentives to meet objectives
- Find & promote a common cause or purpose
Culture of Leadership
Among Team Members
Complex Adaptive
System
OrganizationalProperties Enabling
Performance & Adaptation
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Social Field Potential
• Action Vectors, ai Persons Directed To Goal• Order Parameters, Higher-scale relevant
observable among ai
• External Complexity, Opportunity/Threat• Internal Complexity, Organizing Potential • Singularities Discontinuous Change
ξ
cint
cext
Proposed definition:Value is created when Information is gathered and used
such that through agency the residual uncertainty that remains between internal and external complexity is reduced.