Applying a HRBA to Monitoring the Implementation of the AfT:

Review of Basic Principles

Lucila Beato UNMIL/HRPSBuchanan, 15/11/2012

1. What is Human Rights Based Approach (HRBA)?2. The HRBA in the Development Processes3. Linking Rights with Results: Monitoring and Evaluation

What is HRBA?

The development process is normatively based on

international HR standards and principles

It recognizes human beings as rights-holders and establishes

obligations for duty-bearers.

It focuses on discriminated and marginalized groups

It aims for the progressive achievement of all human rights

It gives equal importance to the outcome and process of

development

What is a Human Rights Based Approach?

Rhetorical repackaging?Political conditionality?

Adding human rights activities?

What is a human rights-based approach to development?

A HRBA helps the UN and partners to answer 4 critical questions:

Who has been left behind and why?

What are they entitled to?

Who has to do something about it?

What do they need, to take action?

Intrinsic value based on universal values Universal legal standards for a life with dignityInstrumental to intervention strategies Addresses power inequalities and discrimination Deals with weaknesses in accountability systems Objective framework to manage conflicts and seek

redressInstitutional reasons (UN comparative advantage) Impartiality to deal with sensitive issues Holistic analysis and integral responses to problems

Why a human rights-based approach?

What is a Human Rights-Based Approach?

• Conscious and systematic integration of human rights standards and human rights principles in all aspects of programming work

Step by Step to a HRBA

1. Situation Assessment and Analysis

2. Planning and Design

4. Monitoring and Evaluation

3. Implementation

Human Rights Principles

A HRBA…

• Emphasizes processes and outcomes• Draws attention to marginalized populations• Works towards equitable service delivery• Extends and deepens participation• Ensures local ownership of development

processes• Strengthens accountability of all actors

The Human Rights Based Approachin the Development Process

1. All programmes of development co-operation should further the realization of human rights as laid down in the UDHR and other international human rights instruments

The realization of human rights is the ultimate goal of all

development programmes

HRBA influences the identification of the strategic priorities

Programming is informed by the recommendations of International

HR bodies and mechanisms

GOAL

2) Human rights standards and principles guide all development cooperation and

programming in all sectors and in all phases of the programming process

Human Rights standards and principles improve the quality of

outcomes and processes

Human rights standards delineate the ‘playing field’ in which

development takes place

HR principles provide the “playing rules” for the development

process.

PROCESS

ASSESSMENT & ANALYSIS

PRIORITY SETTING

PROGRAMME PLANNINGAND DESIGNIMPLEMENTATION

MONITORING AND EVALUATION

…The integration of human rights principles and standards into all stages of the programming process…

The normative content of the right: the type of claims and corresponding obligations contained in a right

In programming, the standards guide:

…Identification of development challenges as human rights issues (assessment)

…Analysis of roles and capacities of rights-holders and duty bearers

…Definition of development objectives

…Formulation of corresponding benchmarks and indicators

Human Rights Standards

Human Rights Principles

Universality and inalienability

Indivisibility

Interdependence and Inter-

relatedness

Equality and non-discrimination

Participation and inclusion

Accountability and rule of law

Empowerment↑↑Joint decision making↑↑Consultation↑↑Information sharing

« The Government will promote farmer-based organization as representatives of farming communities and will ensure their role in local level planning. FBOs will play a key role in defining the kinds of services to be provided and will be the main mechanism for building the capacity of farmers » (Liberia PRS, p. 63).

Participation and empowerment: both a means and an end

3) Development cooperation contributes to the development of the capacities of ‘duty-bearers’ to meet their obligations and/or of ‘rights-holders’ to

claim their rights

Focus on relation individuals-State (claims-

obligations)

Shifting development from service delivery as

primary focus to building capacity to claim and fulfil

human rights

States require capacity to strengthen national

protection systems and comply with their obligations

OUTCOME

Rights-holders and Duty-bearers

Right-holders:

6,652,595,567 persons

Every individual, either a

man woman or child, of

any race, ethnic group or

social condition

To some extent groups

Duty-bearers:Much less

Primarily States In some cases individuals

have specific obligations Individuals and private

entities have generic responsibilities towards the community to respect the rights of others

The role of Capacity Development

CLAIMING AND EXERCISING

RIGHTS

FULFILLING OBLIGATIONS

REALISATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMAN

DEVELOPMENT GOALS

HUMAN RIGHTS-BASED CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT

CAPACITIES FOR ACCOUNTABILITY

CAPACITIES FOR EMPOWERMENT

Linking Rights with Results:Monitoring & Evaluation

Monitoring vs. EvaluationMonitoring EvaluationSystematic, ongoing

During programme implementation

Tracking of activities and progress

According to AWP

For short term corrective action

Accountability for implementation

Contributes to evaluation

Conducted by insiders

Are we doing things right?

Systematic, periodic

During and after programme implementation

Judgment of merit, value or worth of a programme/project

Compared to evaluation criteria (relevance, effectiveness, impact)

For decision-making about future programmes

Accountability for results

For office & organizational learning

Conducted by impartial outsiders

Did we do the right things?

Measures of performance

Monitoring = Are we doing things right?

Evaluation = Did we do the right things?

Indicators = How do we know?

What is an indicator?

A tool to measure:

(i) evidence of progress towards a result or (ii) that a result has been achieved

Indicators can be:

(i) quantitative (ii) qualitative

HRBA to Monitoring & Evaluation Systems

What to measure?

Programme performance (Impact, Outcomes,

Output)

Programme process: Participation, accountability

and non-discrimination

Programme context: existence of laws, policies and institutional

mechanisms

Duty-bearers’ efforts to meet their obligations

Right-holders’ disparities in enjoying rights

Based on claims and obligations in human rights standards

Based on human rights principles

HRBA to Monitoring & Evaluation

How to measure?

Identify the rights-holders and duty-bearers who will contribute to the M&E process either as:

-Information providers, for example line ministries-Independent information interpreters, for example National Human Rights Institutions

Bring them together in a participatory process

Ensure access to available information and data on the programme