Applied science research methods
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Transcript of Applied science research methods
Finding information
Applied Science
Information search
Research project
1. Plan
2.Search3. Evaluate
4. Organise
Stage 1. Plan
Think of key concept.
Define key elements, sub-topics.
Identify key words, phrases, people
List associated/alternative words, spellings
Set limits: time, place
Map your ideas
Science
Chemistry
Careers Lab workMy World of
work
Inorganic AlloysThe scientific World Journal
Biology
Genetics Key statistics
Issues Online
Forensics
AnalysisCurrent news
articlesGale
Stage 2: Search Library Internet
Lending/Reference books Magazines DVDs Online resources Study space
Search a variety of online resources on the:
• surface web• deep web
Searching the web
Popular search engines Bing http://www.bing.com Google http://www.google.com
The surface web may not present all the results you expect or
require. Often information is hidden deeper and within special
Databases.
The deep web contains information that cannot easily be
found or retrieved by search engines as the information is
stored and contained within databases.
Access identification
Open Athens / MyAthens
http://www.openathens.net
Apply for an account Login to MyAthens Enter Username Enter password Select resources Secure/remote access
Library catalogue Virtual Learning
D2Lhttps://d2l.stevenson.ac.uk
Visit Student Pages Learning Resources Centres Online resources Useful links
Heritage Onlinehttp://www.stevenson.ac.uk/heritage
Find links • Search by author, title, keyword .• Try an Advanced Search
Search term: * Field : All fields Medium: Web site
Databases
Search some of the databases that follow.
(All these databases are listed on the library catalogue).
Electronic BooksEbrary
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/stevenson/home.action
Search over 3000 titles:
eg. astronomy, evolution, human biology, polymers
Browse – all subjects
select a subject: eg. Science
then select a sub-category: physics
select a title & read text on screen
***Athens account required to access Bookshelf and highlighter pen**
Watch the training video: http://www.ebrary.com/corp/collateral/flash/QuickStart/
Historic books
JISC Historic Books http://www.jischistoricbooks.ac.uk Sign in as “Stevenson College Edinburgh” Then OpenAthens username and password View as text or image
pre 20th century texts eg. Darwin, D (1882), Formation of vegetable mould…. Galilei, Galileo(1730) mathematical discourses concerning 2 new sciences
General reference works Credo Reference
http://www.credoreference.com
- Search, browse, topic pages, find a book,
- gadgets (Conversions eg. temperature : celsius - fahrenheit
- concept map
Oxford Reference Online
http://www.oxfordreference.com
- search, browse, timelines (scientists, inventions)
- individual books, Visual English Dictionary, etc
KnowUK
http://www.knowuk.co.uk
- search & refine, browse eg Dolly the Sheep
- Social trends, Dictionary of Science & Technology, etc
Journals and newspapers
Gale databases
http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/stevensc
Articles from newspapers, magazines
Full-text articles available. Search
eg. Roslin Institute
Browse subjects eg. radiation
Browse publications:
eg. Biochemistry & Cell Biology Advanced search:
renewables(keyword) +
Scotsman (publication title)
Journal archivesArchives give access to older articles - up until about mid 1990s
JISC Journal Archives
http://www.jiscjournalarchives.ac.uk
Search eg. bunsen burner, Kelvin
- summary panel offers link to download pdf
- IoP, RSC, ICE, OUP, Brill, Proquest
*** Athens username required***
Periodicals Archive Online
http://pao.chadwyck.co.uk
Search eg. atoms, chemicals, lab experiments
View article text or article pdf
Statistics
Fact File Online (only available in College)
http://www.carelpress.co.uk select search or browse Select a category e.g. Animals
view pages download Excel option
Issues Online
http://www.independence.co.uk/issues-online Select Issues Online login Select a category – Science & health Select a topic – eg. genetic modification Select topic articles, key facts, key statistics
Company information
Datamonitor 360http://360.datamonitor.com
search eg. Ineos, Pfizer
Or browse industrieseg. biotechnology in the UK
News Financial deals Opinion Companies
SWOT analysis (often available)
Images
Scran
http://www.scran.ac.uk
-search for images, use image to create posters etc.
- Science pathfinder packs (Fleming, Lister, Watt, Young)
JISC MediaHub
http://jiscmediahub.ac.uk
-search for video, image & audio resources
Ephemera
The John Johnson Collectionhttp://johnjohnson.chadwyck.co.uk
an archive of 18th, 19th and early 20th century printed ephemera.
Search, browse, login to Lightbox to store
images, read responses (essays) Advertising:
- dentistry
- fuel
- gas appliances
- patent instruments
- scientific instruments Document images in pdf Citation guide
Cartoons
British Cartoon Archivehttp://www.cartoons.ac.uk
Artwork, files, related documents Biographies of cartoonists Special collection for Carl Giles View cartoon groups –
set up as teaching aids Read copyright info
Search eg. chemical giles
http://www.cartoons.ac.uk/browse/cartoon_item/anytext=chemical%20giles?page=9
Sound recordings
BL Archival Sound recordingshttp://sounds.bl.uk
(***Athens login required***)
Browse: oral history
then History of common cold unit
then A-Z by interviewee
Browse: environment & nature
then amphibians, wildlife or soundscapes
Other
Creative Commons http://creativecommons.org
information on cc licences and search option.
Stage 3. Evaluate
Think carefully about the information retrieved: Is information up-to-date, relevant, objective?
Who supplied the information?
Apply the PROMPT framework to assess information retrieved from your search.
Presentation Relevance Objectivity Method Provenance Timeliness
Part 2Academic writing issues
1. Copyright
2. Plagiarism
3. Citations4. Reference List
5. Bibliography
Problems often arise from: Poor organisation of notes during research stage Excessive use of copy and paste (Ctrl-C, Ctrl-V) Non- acknowledgment, non attribution of sources Lack of understanding of referencing systems
As a result: Academic integrity weakened Academic misconduct occurs Disciplinary procedures may be applied
Research & academic writing
1. Copyright
Legislation protects the owner of the original creative work
Permissions
check or seek permission to re-use content in projects
Reasons for copying Commercial use Non commercial use
Educational licence Some materials are licensed especially for use in education
.
What does plagiarism mean to you?
Watch the following video to discover what some other students think.
Plagiarism: student views [video & transcript]
Running time: approx. 5 min.
http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/resources/audioandvideo/assessment
Or at: http://vimeo.com/channels/154640#9230505
2. Plagiarism
Doing the right thingThere are several ways to avoid plagiarising the work of others.
Quote useful to highlight main points, support arguments made in your work place exact quote word for word in quotation marks and list source eg.
“plagiarism is a notion specific to a particular culture and epoch” (Ashworth, Freewood and Macdonald, 2003)
But - don’t use too many quotes in one piece of work
Paraphrase read quote and rephrase into your own words to give an overview it is not enough to just change one word in the quote Remember to attribute the broad ideas to the original author.
Summarize Instead of using multi quotes, take the main background ideas from each
and present an overview of them all.
More information on plagiarism is available from:
PLATO: Plagiarism teaching online
available on D2L https://d2l.stevenson.ac.uk/
Student pages – Learning & Study Skills – Avoiding plagiarism/how to reference
Student pages – Preparing for University - Study skills for university – Plagiarism
Little book of plagiarism (Leeds Metropolitan University)http://www.scotlandscolleges.ac.uk/research/publications/other-publications.html
Turnitin
Plagiarism – additional advice
3. CitationsWhy list citations?• a record of the information you researched and consulted
Citation styles• Various styles including: APA, Harvard, MLA, Turabian
Adding citations to academic writing• In-text citations• End of text – list of references• Footnotes (but these not always used with Harvard system)
Type of resource cited include• book, journal article, online resources
Elements recorded in citations may include• author, year published, title, title of article/journal, page
number• type of electronic resource, web address, date/place
accessed
Guidelines• Some faculties may issue specific guidelines• Whatever system used, use consistently
How to make citations
Harvard Reference system tutorial
PLATO: Plagiarism teaching online
available on D2L
https://d2l.stevenson.ac.uk/
Student pages
Learning & Study Skills
Avoiding plagiarism/how to reference
Free tools to help you organise citations and
references include:
Citavi http://www.citavi.com Cite u Like http://www.citeulike.org Connetea http://www.connotea.org EasyBib http://www.easybib.com Mendeley http://www.mendeley.com WorldCat http://www.worldcat.org Zotero http://www.zotero.org
4. Reference Lists
Reference List
What is a reference list? Found at end of assignment A list of all sources referred to in the main body of the assignment Listed A-Z by author’s surname
What does it include? List of sources from which quotes have been taken List of sources which have been paraphrased
What does it not include? any resources used only for background reading
5. Bibliography
What is a bibliography? A complete list of all the resources consulted during
research.
Not just a reference list.
Contains all items whether or not you referred to them in the final project
Microsoft Office Word 7• Select references tab then citations & bibliography tools• Styles – APA, Chicago, GB7714, GOST, ISO 690, MLA, SIST02, Turabian• Manages sources, insert citation, bibliography
• More info: Create a bibliographyhttp://office.microsoft.com/en-us/word-help/create-a-bibliography-HA010067492.aspx