Applied Pharma
2
DR. CARL E. BALITA REVIEW CENTER TEL. NO. 735-4098/410-0250 - 1 - I. Drugs affecting the Eyes, Ears, and Nose. Glaucoma- Acetazolamide (Diamox) inhibits the aqueous humor production. - Pilocarpine (Pilocar). Rhinorrhea- Phenyleprine. Otitis Media- high dose of oral Amoxicillin. Allergic rhinitis- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Chlorphenyramine which are antihistamine. - Loratidine (Claritin), cetirizine HCl (Zyrtec). II. Drugs affecting the Central and Peripheral Nervous System Status Epilepticus- IV diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan). - IV phenytoin (Dilantin) or Phenobarbital. - Valproic acid. Febrile seizure - IV or rectal diazepam (Valium). Cerebral edema - Mannitol by promoting osmotic diuresis. Mysathenia gravis - Pyridostigmine (Mestinon) inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity. Parkinson’s Disease - Levodopa (L-dopa), acts as dopamine agonist. III. Drugs affecting the Cardiovascular System Patent ductus arteriosus- Indomethacin (Indocin), an NSAID. Congestive Heart Failure - Digoxin (Lanoxin), a cardiac glycoside that enhances the afterload. - Dopamine and Dobutamine, due to its Beta-1 adrenergic effect. Myocardial Infarction- Epinephrine (Adrenalin). - Morphine, a narcotic agent for severe pain. Ventricular fibrillation- Lidocaine. - Verapamil. Sinus Bradycardia- Atropine sulfate. Palpitation related to hyperthyroidism- Propranolol (Inderal) by blocking B-1 adrenegic Palpitation or hypertension with underlying COPD- Metoprolol (Neobloc). Matthew 6:33 But seek ye first the kingdom of God, and his righteousness; and all these things shall be added unto you. IV. Drugs affecting the Respiratory System Pulmonary Edema- Furosemide (Lasix). - Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril). Status Asthmaticus/Anaphylactic shock- Epinephrine (Adrenalin). Bronchial asthma- Isoproterenol (Isuprel), an adrenergic agent with Beta-2 effect. - Theophylline (Theodur), inhibits the slow- reacting substance of anaphylaxis - Terbutaline (Bricanyl), Salmeterol (Seretide). - Ipatropium bromide (Combivent), an anticholinergic agent. Bronchospasm with cardiac disease- Metaproterenol, Terbutaline, Salmeterol, Formoterol, and Albuterol. All are pure Beta-2 adrenergic agonist. Whooping cough- Codeine, a narcotic agent with antitussive activity. V. Drugs affecting the Gastrointestinal System Acute Pancreatitis and Cholecystitis- Propantheline bromide (Probanthine), an anticholinergic agent.- Morphine. Abdominal cramps related to diarrhea - Atropine sulfate. Nausea and vomiting- Metoclopromide (Plasil), Promethazine HCl (Phenergan), and Ondansetron (Zofran). All are antiemetic agents. Heartburn and gastritis- AlOH, MgOH, CaCO3, Na2CO3, antacids that neutralizes the acidity. - Omeprazole (Losec), Esomeprazole (Nexium), are proton-pump inhibitors. - Ranitidine (Zantac), Famotidine (Pepcid), are H2- receptor antagonists. Peptic Ulcer Disease- Sucralfate (Carafate) coats the ulcer-lining. PUD related to H. pylori infection- Combination of Bismuth, Amoxicillin, and - Combination of Omeprazole, Amoxicillin, and Clarithromycin (most effective). NURSING FACTS IN BRIEF Applied Pharmcology
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Transcript of Applied Pharma
DR. CARL E. BALITA REVIEW CENTER TEL. NO. 735-4098/410-0250 - 1 -
I. Drugs affecting the Eyes, Ears, and Nose.Glaucoma- Acetazolamide (Diamox) inhibitsthe aqueous humor production.- Pilocarpine (Pilocar).
Rhinorrhea- Phenyleprine.
Otitis Media- high dose of oral Amoxicillin.
Allergic rhinitis- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)and Chlorphenyramine which areantihistamine.- Loratidine (Claritin), cetirizine HCl (Zyrtec).
II. Drugs affecting the Central and PeripheralNervous SystemStatus Epilepticus- IV diazepam (Valium) orlorazepam (Ativan).
- IV phenytoin (Dilantin) or Phenobarbital.- Valproic acid.
Febrile seizure - IV or rectal diazepam (Valium).
Cerebral edema - Mannitol by promotingosmotic diuresis.
Mysathenia gravis - Pyridostigmine (Mestinon)inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity.
Parkinson’s Disease - Levodopa (L-dopa), actsas dopamine agonist.
III. Drugs affecting the Cardiovascular SystemPatent ductus arteriosus- Indomethacin(Indocin), an NSAID.
Congestive Heart Failure - Digoxin (Lanoxin), acardiac glycoside that enhances the afterload.- Dopamine and Dobutamine, due to its Beta-1adrenergic effect.
Myocardial Infarction- Epinephrine (Adrenalin).- Morphine, a narcotic agent for severe pain.
Ventricular fibrillation- Lidocaine.- Verapamil.Sinus Bradycardia- Atropine sulfate.Palpitation related to hyperthyroidism-Propranolol (Inderal) by blocking B-1 adrenegicactivity.Palpitation or hypertension with underlyingCOPD- Metoprolol (Neobloc).
Matthew 6:33But seek ye first the kingdom ofGod, and his righteousness; andall these things shall be addedunto you.
IV. Drugs affecting the Respiratory SystemPulmonary Edema- Furosemide (Lasix).- Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril).
Status Asthmaticus/Anaphylactic shock-Epinephrine (Adrenalin).
Bronchial asthma- Isoproterenol (Isuprel), anadrenergic agent with Beta-2 effect.- Theophylline (Theodur), inhibits the slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis- Terbutaline (Bricanyl), Salmeterol (Seretide).- Ipatropium bromide (Combivent), ananticholinergic agent.
Bronchospasm with cardiac disease-Metaproterenol, Terbutaline, Salmeterol,Formoterol, and Albuterol.All are pure Beta-2 adrenergic agonist.
Whooping cough- Codeine, a narcotic agentwith antitussive activity.
V. Drugs affecting the Gastrointestinal SystemAcute Pancreatitis and Cholecystitis-Propantheline bromide (Probanthine), ananticholinergic agent.- Morphine.
Abdominal cramps related to diarrhea- Atropine sulfate.
Nausea and vomiting- Metoclopromide (Plasil),Promethazine HCl (Phenergan), andOndansetron (Zofran).All are antiemetic agents.
Heartburn and gastritis- AlOH, MgOH, CaCO3,Na2CO3, antacids that neutralizes the acidity.- Omeprazole (Losec), Esomeprazole (Nexium),are proton-pump inhibitors.- Ranitidine (Zantac), Famotidine (Pepcid), areH2- receptor antagonists.
Peptic Ulcer Disease- Sucralfate (Carafate)coats the ulcer-lining.PUD related to H. pylori infection-Combination of Bismuth, Amoxicillin, andMetronidazole.- Combination of Omeprazole, Amoxicillin, andClarithromycin (most effective).
NURSING FACTS IN BRIEF
Applied Pharmcology
DR. CARL E. BALITA REVIEW CENTER TEL. NO. 735-4098/410-0250 - 2 -
Constipation in patients with MI, stroke, post-surgical procedures- Lactulose.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome- Psyllium (Metamucil).
VI. Drugs affecting the Renal SystemCongestive Heart Failure- Furosemide (Lasix),a loop diuretic inhibiting sodium and chloridereabsorption.
Nephrotic Syndrome- Furosemide (Lasix).
Hyperaldosteronism- Spironolactone(Aldactone).
VII. Drugs affecting the Endocrine SystemDiabetes Mellitus- Oral hypoglycaemic agents(Sulfonylureas).- Insulin.
Hyperthyroidism- Methimazole andPropylthiouracil, antithyroid agents thatprevents formation of T3 and T4.
Hypothyroidism- Levothyroxine (Synthroid).
Addison’s Disease- Hydrocortisone (Solu-cortef).
VIII. Antimicrobial AgentsBacterial Pneumonia in infants and children <5 years old- Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid(Augmentin).
Bacterial Pneumonia in older children andadolescents- Erythromycin (community-acquired).
- IV cefuroxime (hospital-acquired).
Pulmonary Tuberculosis- Rifampicin(Rimactane), Isoniazid (INH), Pyrazinamide(PZA).
Leprosy- Dapsone.
Cholera- Tetracycline.
Amebiasis- Metronidazole (Flagyl).
Shigellosis- Cotrimoxazole (Bactrim).
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases- Sulfasalazine(Azulfidine).
Cirrhosis with Hepatic Coma- Neomycin.
Osteomyelitis- Nafcillin, Clindamycin (Dalacin-C).IX. Antiparasitic AgentsEnterobiasis (Pinworms) and Ascariasis(Roundworms) - Mebendazole.Malaria- Chloroquine, Primaquine, andQuinine.
X. Drugs affecting the Hematologic SystemPatients with history of MI or Stroke- Aspirin(Aspilet), an antiplatelet drug.
Patients with Arrhythmia or those prone toThromboembolism- Warfarin (Coumadin) andHeparin sodium.
Pulmonary Embolism, Stroke, MI- Streptokinaseand Urokinase, which dissolves blood clots.
XI. Drugs that affect the Musculoskeletal SystemRheumatoid Arthritis- Aspirin.
Gout- Colchicine.- Allopurinol.
XII. Drugs for Obstetrical UsesUterine Atony- Oxytocin (Syntocinon).
- Methylergonovine (Methergin).
Preterm Labor- Terbutaline (Bricanyl).
Preeclampsia- Hydralazine (Apresoline).- Methyldopa (Aldomet).
Eclampsia- Magnesium sulfate.
NOTES:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________“Excellence can be attained if you care more than othersthink is wise,Risk more than others think is safe,Dream more than others think is practical, andExpect more than others think is possible.”
