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Transcript of Applications Probability inCivil Engineering - GBV ofStatistics and ... N. Wang, B.R....
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OFSTATISTICS AND PROBABILITY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING, ZURICH, SWITZERLAND, 1-4 AUGUST 2011
Applications of Statistics and
Probability in Civil Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University ofDenmarkLyngby, Denmark
J. KohlerInstitute of Structural Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of TechnologyZurich, Switzerland
K. NishijimaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Lyngby, Denmark
Editors
M.H. Faber
CRC PressTaylor &Francis GroupBoca Raton London New York Leiden
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Croup, an informa business
A BALKEMA BOOK
Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering - Faber, Kohler & Nishijima (eds)© 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-66986-3
Table of contents
Preface xxvu
Editor's foreword xxix
Organization
Conference organization
Sponsors xxxvn
xxxni
xxxi
GSJ19— Applications (1)
Fragility curve of sewerage system due to spatial seismic damaged data
S. Nagata & K. Yamamoto
A new time-reversal imaging method for active Lamb wave damage monitoringof composite structures
S. Yan, N.Z. Zhao & Binbin He
Probabilistic concept for the validation of the effectiveness of countermeasures againstearly-age cracking in massive concrete structures
M. Kraufi
Reliability evaluation of pipelines containing stress corrosion cracking defects
W. Zhou & S. Zhang
Proportionality of interventions to restore structural safety of existing bridgesE. Bruhwiler
GS_129 — Applications (2)
Scenario-based seismic loss estimation for concrete buildings in the central US
J. Bai, M. Hueste & P. Gardoni
Application of the Monte-Carlo method to determine the time required for construction
projects—Influence of ranges and correlations on probability distribution
C. Hofstadler
Advances in probability density evolution analysis of nonlinear stochastic systemsJ. Li, IB. Chen & W.L. Sun
Probability density evolution method and polynomial chaos expansion for nonlinear
random vibration analysisY.B. Peng, J. Li&J.B. Chen
Reliability-based stochastic control for structures using magnetorheological dampers/ Li, Z. Mei&J.B. Chen
GS_139— Applications (3)
Random response of chain structure with parameter uncertainties
B, G, Liu, Y. Pan, Y. Ning & Z. Shen
A Bayesian acoustic emission source location algorithm: Extended model
T. Schumacher & D. Straub
v
Structural reliability criteria in relation to on-line control schemes 29
B. J. Leira
Probabilistic anomaly detection in structural monitoring data using a relevance vector machine 31
T. Saito
Assessment of fatigue crack growth by cohesive zone elements 33
P. Beaurepaire & G.I. Schueller
Reliability-based design recommendations for FRP-reinforced concrete beams 35
S.E. C. Ribeiro & S.M. C. Diniz
GS_318 — Applications (4)
Simulating two-phase microstructures using level-cut filtered poisson fields
and genetic algorithms 39
K. Teferm&RN. Chatzi
Variance Reduction Monte Carlo methods for wind turbines 41
M. T. Sichani, S.R.K. Nielsen & P. Thoft-Christensen
A computational study of the buffered failure probability in reliability-baseddesign optimization 43
H. G. Basova, R T. Rockafetlar &J.O. Royset
Advanced modeling and simulation tools: From surrogates to copulas 45
M. McCullough, A. Kareem, D.K. Kwon & L. Wang
A ground motion record selection procedure utilizing a vector-valued intensity measurefor optimized incremental dynamic analysis 47
A.I. Theophilou & M.K. Chryssanthopoulos
GSJi28 — Applications (5)
Reliability level of structures designed according to the design codesof the Republic of Belarus 51
Dz. Markouski & V. Tur
Classification and moral evaluation of uncertainties in engineering modeling 53
C. Murphy, C.E. Harris, Jr. & P. Gardoni
Quantitative safety goals—benefits and limits 54
H.-P. Berg & M. Kraufi
Evaluating the source of the risks associated with natural events 56
P. Gardoni & C. Murphy
Metamodeling of aircraft InfraRed Signature dispersion 57
S. Lefebvre, A. Roblin & G. Durand
GS_338 — Applications (6)
Practical reliability approach to urban slope stability 63
R. Chowdhury & P. Flentje
Reliability-based optimization of maintenance and repair for a system of bridges 64
C.-A. Robelin & S.M. Madanat
System-level optimization of maintenance and replacement decisions
for road networks 66
A. Medury & S. M. Madanat
Probability-based reliability assessment for real-time hybrid simulation 67
C. Chen & W. Pong
Probabilistic estimates of scenario loss through a two-stage Monte Carlo approach 69
/. Ioannon & M.K. Chryssanthopoulos
vi
MS_332— Applications and new developments of system reliabilityassessment (theory)
System reliability of soil slopes by Ditlevsen's bounds 73
J. Zhang, W.H. Tang, L.M. Zhang & H. W. Huang
A recursive decomposition algorithm for reliability evaluation of binary system 76
W. Liu & J. Li
Seismic reliability analysis of wind turbine systems considering rotation effect 78
K. Huang, J.B. Chen & J. Li
Global reliability of large nonlinear structures 79
J.B. Chen, J.Li&J. Xu
Structural reliability analysis solved through a SVM-based response surface 81
U. Alibrandi & G. Ricciardi
Reliability assessment of parallel systems with brittle elements 82
Y.G. Zhao&Z.H. Lu
MS_114— Bayesian networksfor engineering risk analysis
Risk-based operation and maintenance of offshore wind turbines
using Bayesian networks 87
J.J. Nielsen &J.D. Sorensen
On the use of Bayesian networks for Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis 89
KM. Kuehn, C. Riggelsen & F. Scherbaum
Damage assessment of stranding events by means of Bayesian Networks 91
L. Garre, B.J. Leira, T.-H. Nguyen & J. Amdahl
Effect of weather conditions, geography and population density on wildfire occurrence:
A Bayesian Network model 93
P. Papakosta & D. Straub
Post-earthquake decision-making using influence diagrams 95M. T. Bensi, A. Der Kiureghian & D. Straub
MS_115 — Bridge traffic loading (1)
Statistical analyses of Weigh-in-Motion data for bridge live load development 99
T.H.T. Chan & T.J. Miao
Recent advances in reliability based assessment of highway bridges 101
A. O'Connor & V. Pakrashi
Visualization of live-load probability distribution by Random Number generationand a Reliability Analysis of a bridge girder based on the Traffic Flow Model 103
O. Yoshida
Development of live load model for long span bridges 105
E.-S. Hwang, H.-M. Koh &S.W. Lee
MS_125 — Bridge traffic loading (2)
In-situ dynamic behavior of a railway bridge girder under fatigue causingtraffic loading 109
A. Herwig & E. Briihwiler
Modelling of highway bridge traffic loading: Some recent advances 111
B. Enright, C.C. Caprani & EJ. OBrien
Truck load modeling and bridge code calibration 113
G.Fu&J. You
vii
GS_J13 — Decision analysis
Maintenance planning for multi-component systems subject to reliability constraints 117
R. Faddoul, W. Raphael, A.H. Soubra & A. Chateauneuf
Post-earthquake reliability assessment of structures subjected to after-shocks: An applicationto L'Aquila earthquake, 2009 119
F. Jalayer, D. Asprone, A. Prota & G. Manfredi
Supporting decisions on global health and life safety investments 121
M.H. Faber&E. Virguez-Rodriguez
Defining guidelines for the application of the marginal life savingcosts principle for risk regulation 123
K, Fischer, E. Virguez-Rodriguez, M. Sanchez-Siha & M.H. Faber
Adaption of option pricing algorithm to real time decision optimization in the face
of emerging natural hazards 125
A. Anders & K. Nishijima
MS_116 — Fuzzy analysis and soft computing methods in reliability assessmentand optimization (1)
Bayesian quantification of inconsistent information 129
M. Stein & M. Beer
Damage assessment of RC slabs using fuzzy pattern recognition with feature selection 131
H. Furuta, W. Adachi, K. Nakatsu, Y. Nomura & H. Hattori
Clustering of multiple system reliability design solutions for decision making 133
E. Zio & R. Bazzo
Reliability assessment via differential evolution 134
5". Casciati
MS_126— Fuzzy analysis and soft computing methods in reliability assessment
and optimization (2)
Sensitivity measures for fuzzy numbers based on Artificial Neural Networks 139
5". Pannier & W. Graf
A method for the verified solution of finite element models with uncertain node locations 141
A.P. Smith, J. Garloff&H. Werkle
An approach on soundings for geotechnical site investigation 143
D. Boumezerane, S. Belkacemi & B. Zlender
Strong law of large numbers on the Kopka D-posets 144
M. Kukovd & B. Riecan
MS_136—Fuzzy analysis and soft computing methods in reliability assessment
and optimization (3)
Application of Cokriging method to structural reliability problems 149
W. Zhao & W. Wang
On predictive densities in fuzzy Bayesian inference 151
R. Viertl
Robustness based design of structures under consideration of generalized uncertainty models 153
J.-U. Sickert, S. Pannier, W. Graf&M. Kaliske
GSJ238 — Life-cycle analysis
Optimal next inspection time for bridges based on corrosion deterioration 157
D. De Leon, C. Gonzalez-Perez, V. Bisadi, P. Gardoni, M. Head & S. Hurlebaus
viii
Probabilistic estimation of seismic fragility parameters for deteriorated
reinforced concrete bridges 159A. Alipour, B. Shafei & M. Shinozuka
Probabilistic bridge network life-cycle connectivity assessment and optimization 160P. Bocchini & D. M. Frangopol
Life-cycle analysis of embodied energy for aging bridges subject to seismic hazards 162J. Ghosh, C. Tapia &J.E. Padgett
MS_215 — Maintenance and safety of aging infrastructure (1)
Reliability analysis of prestressed concrete bridges located in a marine environment 167M. Akiyama, D.M. Frangopol & I. Yoshida
Optimization of assessment strategies for aging bridges 169
A. D. Orcesi & D.M. Frangopol
Improved bridge capacity rating methods based on system reliability assessment 171N. Wang, B.R. Ellingwood& A.-H. Zureick
Reliability assessment and life prediction for serviceability of concrete bridges 173
D.-G. Lu, W. Jiang, X.-P. Fan & Y.-X. Yang
MS_225 — Maintenance and safety of aging infrastructure (2)
Using information criteria to classify damage states for structural health monitoring 177H. Noh, A. C. Cheung & A.S. Kiremidjian
A Bayesian approach to the assessment of fracture toughness of reactor components 179
M.D. Pandey & M. Wang
A numerical study of maintenance strategy for concrete structures in marine
environment 181
K.F. Tee&C.Q. Li
Structure lifecycle as a non-stationary random process 184
G. Fu & D. Devaraj
MS_118 — Meta-modelslsurrogate modelsfor uncertainty propagation,sensitivity and reliability analysis (1)A numerical comparison of Kriging-based sequential strategies for estimatinga probability of failure 187
L. Li, J. Beet & E. Vazquez
Sensitivity and reliability analysis of a globe valve using an adaptive sparsepolynomial chaos expansion 189
M. Berveiller & G. Blatman
Use of HDMR metamodel for seismic fragility analysis 190
/. Zentner, E. Borgonovo & S. Tarantola
Metamodel-based importance sampling for the simulation of rare events 192
V. Dubourg, F. Deheeger & B. Sudret
Principal component analysis and Least Angle Regression in spectral stochastic finite
element analysis 194
G. Blatman & B. Sudret
MS_128 — Meta-modelslsurrogate modelsfor uncertainty propagation,sensitivity and reliability analysis (2)A Kriging improvement of the Monte Carlo simulation: AK-MCS method 199B. Echard, N. Gayton & M, Lemaire
ix
RPCM: A strategy to perform reliability analysis using polynomial chaos
and resampling—Application to fatigue design 201
A. Notin, J.L. Dulong, P. Villon, N. Gayton, M. Lemaire & H. Jaffal
Distribution-based global sensitivity analysis in case of correlated input parameters
using polynomial chaos expansions 203
Y. Caniou & B. Sudret
Reliability-based design optimization of an imperfect submarine pressure hull 205
V. Dubourg, J.-M. Bourinet, B. Sudret & M. Cazuguel
Propagation of variability in railway dynamics simulations 207
G. Perrin, C. Funjschilling & B. Sudret
GS_123 — Model selection, aggregation and testingfor probabilistic seismichazard assessment (1)
Learning aggregations of ground-motion models using data 211
C. Riggelsen, N. Gianniotis & F. Scherbaum
The collaboratory for the Study ofEarthquake Predictability: Perspectives on evaluation
and testing for seismic hazard 213
D. Schorlemmer, D.D. Jackson, J.D. Zechar & T.H. Jordan
Model selection and uncertainty in earthquake hazard analysis 214
I.G. Main, M. Naylor, J, Greenhough, S. Touati, A.F. Bell & J. McCloskey
Benefits of the use of precariously balanced rocks and other fragile geological features
for testing the predictions of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis 216
J,G. Anderson, J.N. Brum, M. Purvance, G. Biasi&R. Anooshehpoor
GS_133 — Model selection, aggregation and testingfor probabilistic seismic
hazard assessment (2)
Assessing reliability and skill of earthquake forecasting models in Italy 221
W. Marzocchi
On the use of observations for constraining probabilistic seismic hazard estimates—brief
review of existing methods 223
C. Beauval
Quantification of epistemic uncertainties in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis 224
F, Scherbaum, N. Kuehn, M. Ohrnbergei; C. Riggelsen & N. Gianniotis
MS_137— Modellingfor Risk management in constructionprojects
Acceptance criteria for the spatial variability of the concrete cover depthin a Swiss tunnel 229
V. Malioka, S. Matsch & M.H. Faber
Cost and time correlations in linear infrastructure construction 232
Y Moret & H.H. Einstein
Germa, a national research project: Multifactor risk control and management in complex
civil engineering projects 234
D. Morand, P. Perret, L. Demilecamps & A. Machu
Tunnelling optimization by risk analysis techniques 236
D. Kolic
Modeling methodology of the Risk Breakdown Structure for project risk management
in construction 238
R. Mehdizadeh, D. Breysse & M. Chaplain
x
How integrated should risk management and quality management be? 240B. Munier & L. Dehouck
MS_135 — Multiple hazards risk assessment and mitigation
Estimation of damage loss due to hurricane wind and induced surge 243Y. Li, S. O. Bjarnadottii; A. Ahuja, J. W. van de Lindt & T. Dao
Methodological and probabilistic issues in multi-hazard engineering design 245E. Simiu, F.A. Potra & D. Duthinh
Decision-making for civil infrastructure exposed to low-probability, high-consequencehazards: The role of risk-aversion 247E. J. Cha & B.R. Ellingwood
GS_316— Natural hazards modeling
Hazard-level specific hurricane event characterization 251Y. Wang &D.V. Rosowsky
A comprehensive approach for online fast hurricane-risk prediction 253A.A. Taflanidis, A.B. Kennedy, J.J. Westerink, M. Hope, S. Tanaka, J. Smith & K.F. Cheung
Optimal seismic design of steel structures using approximate methods 256A. Zacharenaki, M. Fragiadakis & M. Papadrakakis
Development and calibration of central pressure decay models for hurricane simulation 259F. Liu & W. Pang
Reliability analysis of the Swiss avalanche warning system 261U. Briindl & B. Heil
MS_216 — Performance-based designfor structures subject to natural hazard (1)
Probabilistic hazard model of inelastic response of SDOF system based on equivalentlinearization technique 265Y. Mori, S. Kojima & K. Ibuki
Performance-based design of structures under Aeolian Hazard 267M. Ciampoli & F. Petrini
Probabilistic and deterministic Soil Structure Interaction (SSI) analysis 270A. Hashemi, T. Elkhoraibi & F. Ostadan
Seismic damage assessment of curved bridges using fragility analysis 272M. Mohseni &T.R. Norton
A framework for performance-based design and assessment of buildings subjectedto extreme snow loads 274
A.B. Liel, K.A. Jackson &J.M. Geis
MSJ226 — Performance-based designfor structures subject to natural hazard (2)
Probabilistic assessment of disproportionate collapse potential of steel moment resisting frames 279G. Xu&B.R. Ellingwood
Life-cycle seismic repair cost assessment and sensitivity analysis 281A.A. Taflanidis
A method for probabilistic seismic design of RC structures 283P. Franchin &P.E. Pinto
A statistical analysis of steel truss temperature data recorded during fire resistance tests 285D.K. Banerjee, E. Simiu, J.L. Gross & R. Kacker
xi
MS_124— Probabilistic calibration of codes (1)
Conventional probabilistic models for calibration of codes 289
M. Holicky & M. Sykora
Comparison of load combination models for probabilistic calibrations 291
M. Sykora & M. Holicky
Calibration of partial factors for design of concrete structures 293
J. Markova & M. Holicky
Re-calibration of steel tension members design criteria in AASHTO LRFD
bridge design code 295
M. Mohseni & T.R. Norton
MS_134— Probabilistic calibration of codes (2)
Reliability basis for adopting Eurocodes as South African standards 299
J. V. Relief, C. Barnardo & M. Dithinde
Reliability-based design/calibration using enhanced Monte Carlo 301
A. Naess, M.A. Maes & M.R. Dann
Calculation of partial safety factors 303
T.T. Poutanen
MS__214 — Probabilistic methodsfor the assessment ofexistingconcrete structures (1)
Corrosion-crack path based probabilistic model to predict the durability behavior
of RC components 307
W.L. Jin & X.Z. Wang
Random fields for the modeling of deteriorated structures 308
D.L. Allaix, V.I. Carbone & G. Mancini
Semi-probabilistic models for the assessment of existing concrete structures 309
R Tanner, C. Lara & M. Prieto
Target reliability levels for assessment of existing structures 311
M. Sykora, M. Holicky & J. Markova
MS_224 — Probabilistic methodsfor the assessment of existingconcrete structures (2)
Monitoring and influence lines based performance indicators 315
A. Strauss, R. Wendner, K. Bergmeister & Dan M. Frangopol
Jointless bridges—performance assessment of soil-structure interaction 318
R. Wendner, A. Strauss & K. Bergmeister
A semi-probabilistic safety-checking format for seismic assessment
of existing RC buildings 320
F. Jalayer, L. Elefante, I. Iervolino & G. Manfredi
Stochastic process deterioration modelling for adaptive inspections 322
A. Ohadi & T. Mick
MS_234— Probabilistic methodsfor the assessment of existing concrete structures (3)
Development and implementation of a semi-probabilistic procedure for the assessment
of the future condition of existing concrete structures 327
/ Gulikers
Statistical models for the material parameters of damaged concrete bridges 329
R. Lenner, M. Keuser & T. Braml
xii
Safety assessment of existing concrete slab bridges for shear capacity 331R.D. J.M. Steenbergen, A. de Boer & C. van der Veen
MS_138 — Probabilistic methods in hydraulic and spatial structural analysis
Forecast analysis of traffic flow through urban road tunnel based on Artificial
Intelligent method 337L. Zhong, J. Wu&H. Xia
Non-orthogonal polynomial expansion based approach for structural reliability analysis 339B. Huang & C. Zhang
Application of the sampling theory and methods in random decrement technique 341
W. Shi, Z. Li, II Wu&Y. Lin
Randomness of chloride ion concentration in existing concrete under tidal environment 342
J. Zhang, H. Zheng, L. Wang, J. Zhou & J. Wang
GS_112 — Probabilistic modeling in engineering (1)
Characterization of random fields at multiple scales: An efficient conditional simulation
procedure and applications in geomechanics 347
J. W. Baker, A. Seifried, IE. Andrade & Q. Chen
Performance-based probabilistic capacity models and fragility estimates for reinforced
concrete column subject to vehicle collision 349
H. Sharma, P. Gardoni & S. Hurlebaus
Adaption of car park loads according to DIN 1055-3 to the current trend of increasingvehicle weights 350
H. Schmidt & M. Heimann
Probabilistic modelling of HSC and UHPC slender columns in high-rise buildings 352
H. Schmidt & M. Heimann
Estimating marginal densities of materials with multiple anomaly types 354
M.P. Enright & R.C. McClung
GS_122 — Probabilistic modeling in engineering (2)
Probabilistic fatigue design of composite material for wind turbine blades 357
H. S. Toft & ID. Sorensen
Fragility estimates for the Fabela Bridge in Mexico incorporating vibration field data 359
V. Bisadi, M. Head, P. Gardoni, S. Hurlebaus & D. De Leon Escobedo
Probabilistic demand model based on the virtual work method and fragility estimates
for offshore wind turbine support structures 361
M. Mardfekri, P. Gardoni &J.M. Roesset
Probability-based modeling of chloride-induced corrosion in concrete structures
including parameters correlation 363
Z. Lounis, B. Saassouh & J. Zhang
Identification of the filament stress transfer length in multifilament yarns usingfiber bundle model and chain-of-bundles model 365
R. Rypl, R. Chudoba & M. Vofechovsky
GS_132 — Probabilistic modeling in engineering (3)
Probabilistic wind-borne debris trajectory model for building envelope impact risk assessment 369
M. Grayson, W. Pang & S. Schiff
Reliability estimation of deteriorated RC-structures considering various observation data 371
I. Yoshida & M. Akiyama
xiii
A Bayesian framework to predict deformations during supported excavations based
on a semi-empirical method373
J.-K. Park, P. Gardoni & G. Biscontin
Effects of structural uncertainty/variability on the linear and yielding response of a shear frame 375
C.R. Wharton, T.L. Attard, A. Chaudhary & M.P. Mignokt
Non-parametric Bayesian updating within the assessment of reliability for offshore
wind turbine support structures 377
J.G Rangel-Ramirez & ID. Sorensen
GS_212 — Probabilistic modeling in engineering (4)
Software for multi-model reliability analysis 381
M. Mahsuli & T. Baukaas
Probabilistic modeling of vehicle impact as accidental action 383
C. U. Kunz
Benchmark of random fields simulation methods and links with identification methods 384
X.H. Dang, B. Sudret & M. Berveiller
Size effect on probability distribution of fatigue lifetime of quasibrittle structures 386
Jia-Liang Le &Z.P. Bazant
MS_117 — Probabilistic modelling ofthe behaviour of timber in structures (1)
Comparative risk assessment of secondary structures in wide-span timber structures 391
S. Miraglia, P. Dietsch & D. Straub
Evolution of probabilistic analysis of timber structures from second-moment reliability
methods to fragility analysis 394
D. V, Rosowsky
Performance of timber buildings in earthquakes 397
F. Lam, M. Li, R. O. Foschi, S. Nakajima &. T. Nakagawa
A new approach to consider moisture induced eigen-stress in timber by load combination 399
M. Haglund & F. Carlsson
Probabilistic methods for performance based service life evaluation of wooden components 401
S. Thelandevsson, T. Isaksson, M. Haglund & E. Fruhwald
MS_127 — Probabilistic modelling of the behaviour of timber in structures (2)
Probabilistic robustness analysis of timber structures—results from EU COST
action E55:WG3 405
P.H. Kirkegaard &J.D. Sorensen
Modelling of uncertainties of timber structures due to growth inhomogeneities 407
C. Jenkel, R. Lang & M. Kaliske
Structural timber detailing 409
A. Jorissen
Multiscale variability of stiffness properties of timber boards 411
G. Fink & J. Kohler
Hierarchical modeling of structural timber material properties by means
of Bayesian Probabilistic Networks 413
M, Deublein, M. Schlosser & M.H. Faber
MS_319 — Probabilistic models and methodsfor risk assessment of lifeline networks
and decision support (1)
Clustering methods for risk assessment of infrastructure network systems 417
C. Gomez, M. Sanchez-Silva & L. Duenas-Osorio
xiv
Regional assessment of hurricane risk to Houston bridge infrastructure 419
N. Ataei, CD. Arnold & IE. Padgett
Vulnerability of the Swiss electric power transmission grid against natural hazards 421
M. Raschke, E. Bilis & W. Kroger
Evaluation of seismic vulnerability of sewerage pipelines based on assessment
of the damage data in the 1995 Kobe earthquake 423
G. Shoji, S. Naba & S. Nagata
Seismic fragility analysis of telecommunication systems 425
K. Leelardcharoen, J.I. Craig, B.J. Goodno &L. Duenas-Osorio
MS_329 — Probabilistic models and methodsfor risk assessment of lifeline networksand decision support (2)
Recursive reliability assessment of radial lifeline systems with correlated
component failures 429
J. Rojo & L. Duenas-Osorio
Post-disaster damage detection for pipeline networks by Matrix-based System Reliability analysis 431
W.-H. Rang & J. Song
Efficient identification of critical disjoint cut sets and link sets for network reliability analysis 434
H.-W. Lim & J. Song
Seismic risk assessment of spatially-distributed systems using ground-motion modelsfitted considering spatial correlation 436
N. Jayaram &.J.W. Baker
A FORM-based analysis of lifeline networks using a multivariate seismic intensity model 438M. Miller, J. Baker, H. - W. Lim, J. Song & N. Jayaram
GS_211 — Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (1)
Probabilistic design of supplemental dampers for base-isolated bridges 443
A.A. Taflanidis
Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis incorporating basin amplification for shallow
crustal earthquakes 445
T. Itoi & T. Takada
Spatial sensitivity of seismic hazard results to background seismic activity models 448
N. Yilmaz & M.S. Yucemen
Stochastic field analyses of the site amplification factors based on observed and inversely
analyzed real strong ground motion in Japan 450
M. Fukuda, N. Narita, K. Ogawa, M. Sugai & A. Nozu
Development of seismic margin-risk diagram 452
M. Nakajima, Y. Ohtori & K. Hirata
GS_221 — Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (2)
Orientation dependency of peak ductility demand for seismic performance evaluation 455
K. Goda
Methodology and results of a nuclear power plant seismic probabilistic safety assessment 456
M. Richner, S. Tinic, D. Proske, M. Ravindra, R. Campbell, E Beigi & A. Asfura
Redundancy effects on seismic reliability of steel frame structures 457
Q. Li, Q. Zhang, J. Fan & C. Zhang
Regression models for predicting the probability of near-fault earthquake groundmotion pulses, and their period 459
S.K. Shahi&J.W. Baker
xv
Performance-based direct displacement design of engineered timber building
in seismic regionsY. Wang, D. V. Rosowsky &W.C. Pang
GS_231 — Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (3)
Influence of material strength scattering on the ductile response of steel structures
M. Gilndel, B. Hoffmeister & M. Feldmann
A response spectrum based stochastic approach to estimate the peak response
of structures subject to seismic poundingA. Giaralis &P.D. Spanos
On the schematization of design response spectra as a stochastic model
S. Silvestri, G. Gasparini & T. Trombetti
A new procedure for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis
G. Gasparini, S. Silvestri & T. Trombetti
Vector-valued probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of correlated ground motion parameters
P. Bazzurro & J. Park
MS_236 — Progresses and challenges in probabilistic modeling of tropical storm risks
Hurricane hazard characterization for performance-based design
D. V. Rosowsky, Y. Wang & K.H. Lee
Tropical cyclone return periods: Comparison of a stochastic track model with an extreme
value analysis of historic data
J. Kleinn &T.M. Hall
Future typhoon projection using stochastic typhoon model under global climate change
T. Yasuda, S. Nakajo, N. Mori, H. Mase, Y. Hayashi & S. Kunitomi
Challenges in developing the Florida public hurricane loss model for personal residential
and commercial residential structures
G.L. Pita, J.-P. Pinelli, T. Johnson, K. Gurley, J. Weekes & S. Hamid
Issues of epistemic uncertainty treatment in decision analysis for tropical cyclone
risk managementM. Graf& K. Nishijima
Assessment of hurricane risk and estimates of insured losses using catastrophe modeling
S.S. Hamid, J.-P Pinelli, S.-C. Chen & K. Gurley
MSJ326 — Recent advances in geotechnical risk and reliability (1)
Methods for incorporating a variety of site response estimates into seismic hazard maps
E. M. Thompson & L. G. Baise
Reliability-based design of shallow foundations in cohesionless soils under compression
loading: Ultimate limit state
S. 0. Akbas &F.H. Kulhawy
Effect of spatial variability on reliability evaluation of an earth slopeY, Wang, Z.J. Cao & S.K. Au
Probabilistic characteristics of strip footing bearing capacity evaluated
by random finite element method
J. Pieczynska, W. Pula, D. V. Griffiths & G.A. Fenton
Evaluation of reliabilities of drilled shafts using bi-directional pile load test results
J.H. Park, D. Kim, K. Kwak, J.H. Lee & M. Chung
xvi
GS_336— Recent advances in geotechnical risk and reliability (2)
Development of a computer-based evaluation system for soil parameters in the reliabilitydesign method 501
Y. Watabe, M. Tanaka, T. Nishioka & I. Nozaki
On risk-based geotechnical site investigation of flood defenses 504
T. Schweckendiek, P.H.A.J.M. van Gelder &E.O.F. Calle
Challenges in limit equilibrium based slope reliability problems 507
J. Ching, K.-K. Phoon & Y.-G. Hu
Spatial distributions of strength of an embankment based on synthesis of sounding tests
and surface wave method 509
S. Nishimura, Y. Takayama, K. Fujisawa, M. Suzuki & A. Murakami
Evaluating model uncertainty of a CPT-based model for earthquake-induced soil liquefaction 512
Y.F. Lee, Y.Y. Chi&C.H. Juang
GS_312 — Reliability methods (1)
System reliability analysis of fatigue-induced, cascading failures using critical failure
sequences identified by selective searching technique 517
N. Kurtz, J. Song, S.-Y. Ok& D.-S. Kim
Estimation of failure rates of crude product pipelines 520
A. W. Dawotola, P.H.A.J.M. van Gelder, J.J. Charima & J.K. Vrijling
Reliability analysis with probabilistic and interval variables 523
K. Zaman, M. McDonald, S. Rangavajhala & S. Mahadevan
Dormant reliability analysis for dam spillways 524
M. Kalantarnia, L. Chouinard & S. Foltz
On the utilization of monitoring data in an ultimate limit state reliability analysis 526
5". Thons, M.H. Faber & W. Rucker
GS_322 — Reliability methods (2)
Identification of random variables via Markov Chain Monte Carlo: Benefits
on reliability analysis 531
F. Lanata & F. Schoefs
Risk quantification of fatigue-induced sequential failures by Branch-and-Bound method
employing system reliability bounds 533
Y.-J. Lee & J. Song
Reliability analysis of corroding RC members using adaptive Response Surface Method 535
A.N. Kallias & M.I. Raflq
Uncertain and unavoidable—reliability estimation in wave and tidal energy systems 537
J. Flinn & C.B. Ferreira
Post earthquake bridge damage assessment coupling field data and reliability tool 539
M. Torbol, R. Baghaei, J. Rang & M. Feng
MS_235 — Reliability of marine energy converters
Reliability of tidal stream turbine blades 543
D. V. Vol & L. Chernin
Reliability of power train components in tidal stream turbines 545
D. V. Val & C. Iliev
xvii
Reliability methodology for evaluating tidal stream devices 547
T.M. Deform & P.J. Tamer
Probabilistic design of wave energy devices 549
J.D. Serensen, J.P. Kofoed & C.B. Ferreira
MSJ217— Risk and reliability analysisfor interdependent
infrastructure systems (1)
Seismic risk and hierarchy importance of interdependent lifelines: Methodologyand important issues 553
M.N. Alexoudi, KG. Kakderi&KD. Pitilakis
Modeling cascading failures in 'systems of systems' with uncertain behavior 555
E. Zio & G. Sansavini
Modeling of restoration process associated with lifeline systems and the interdependencydue to a seismic disaster 557
G. Shoji & A. Toyota
A new modeling approach for resolving CI interdependency issues 559
C. Nan & W. Kroger
MSJ227— Risk and reliability analysisfor interdependentinfrastructure systems (2)
Models of interdependence propagation for the fragility assessment of urban networks 563
I. Hernandez-Fajardo & L. Duenas-Osorio
On robust decision-making in interdependent economic and infrastructure systems 565
R. Pant & K. Barker
Broadening the discourse on infrastructure interdependence by modeling the "Ecology"of infrastructure systems 567
S. LaRocca, S.D. Guikema, J. Cole & E. Sanderson
Geographical vulnerability analysis of interdependent critical infrastructures 568
J. Johansson & H. Hassel
GS_219 — Risk assessment (1)
Revisiting risk management in major infrastructure projects—why a socio-technical
systems approach makes sense 573
N.J. Smith, B. Aritua, C. Clegg&R. Challenger
Building owners' requirement for seismic risk communication during structural design 575
K. Hirata & T. Ishikawa
Global flood risk assessment of major port cities 577
N. hind, M. Pandey & J. Nathwani
Assessment of risk to life safety in fire compartments using an adaptive response
surface methodology 579
C. Albrecht & D. Hosser
Effects of uncertainty on the seismic collapse risk of light-frame wood buildings 582
Y.-J. Yin & Y. Li
GS_229 — Risk assessment (2)
Estimation of risk for design of structures exposed to combined effects of hurricane
wind speed and storm surge hazards 587
L. T. Phan & E. Simiu
xviii
Risk assessment for road tunnels in Germany—development and applicationof quantitative methods 589
F. Heimbecher & B. Kohl
Risk assessment for the hazard scenario "Braking action on double track railway bridges" 591
C. Fermaud, F. Stenger, V. Malioka & M. Schenkel
Regional risk by reliability analysis 593
M. Mahsuli & T. Haukaas
A probabilistic framework for generic fire risk assessment and risk-based decision makingin buildings 595
G. De Sanctis, K. Fischer, J. Kohler, M. Fontana & M.H. Faber
MS_218— Risk assessment and decision support systemsfor interdependentlifeline infrastructures (1)
Optimum interface topologies between urban infrastructure systems 599
M. Ouyang, L. Duenas-Osorio & X. Min
Risk assessment of shutdown of water purification plant caused by Tohnankai-Nankai
earthquakes tsunami surge 601
M. Nakai & M. Miyajitna
Disaster restoration support technologies for electric power distribution equipment 603
Y. Shumuta, T. Todou, K. Masukawa & T. Ishikawa
Ethical consideration for appropriate structural safety 605
J. Kanda & D. G. Elms
Risk assessment and maintenance of existing trunk lines with a new subsidiary systemunder seismic and deteriorating environments 607
T. Imai & T. Koike
MS_228— Risk assessment and decision support systemsfor interdependentlifeline infrastructures (2)
Seismic risk and hierarchy importance of interdependent lifelines and infrastructures within
port facilities: Application in Thessaloniki's Port (Greece) 611
KG. Kakderi, M.N. Alexoudi & K.D. Pitilakis
A fuzzy comparative model for integrated risk ranking and mitigation prioritizationof infrastructures; part 1: Methodology 614
M.B. Javanbarg, C. Scawthom, J. Kiyono, B. Shahbodaghkhan & S. Takada
A fuzzy comparative model for integrated risk ranking and mitigation prioritizationof infrastructures; part 2: Application 616
J. Kiyono, M.B. Javanbarg, S. Takada, C. Scawthom & M. Kobayashi
A questionnaire survey to customers on willingness to pay for earthquake countermeasuresof water supply system by using risk communication 618
Y. Taniguchi & M. Miyajima
MS_131 — Risk-based assessment of climate change adaptationstrategiesfor infrastructure
Deterioration of concrete structures in Australia under changing environment 623
M. G. Stewart, X. Wang & M. Nguyen
Probabilistic-based assessment of the impacts of climate change on hurricane loss
and adaptation strategies 625
S. O. Bjarnadottir, Y. Li & M. G. Stewart
xix
Considerations for probabilistic assessment of the effect of global warming on durabilityof corroding RC structures 627
E. Bastidas-Arleaga, F, Schoefs & M. G. Stewart
Development of adaptive flood risk management strategies under uncertainty 630
H. Harvey &J.W. Hall
Probabilistic assessment of clay earthfill dams subject to variable precipitation 632
M.-C. Preziosi & T. Micic
MS_323 — Robustness ofstructures (1)
Robustness of structures—a report on a joint European project 637
M.H. Faber, A.C, W.M. Vrouwenvelder, J.D. Sorensen, M.K. Chryssanthopoulos & H. Narasimhan
A threat independent approach to evaluating the robustness of structures 640
S.M. Mavjanishvili
Risk and robustness of road tunnels 642
D. Diamantidis & M. Holicky
Progressive collapse in multi-storey steel frames: The effect of varying column spacing 643
V. Janssens &D.W. O'Dwyer
Achieving robustness and mitigating risk of disproportionate collapse in building 645
B.R. EUingwood
MS_333 — Robustness of structures (2)
Probability based assessment of bridge exposed to extraordinary circumstances 649
/. Bjornsson, S. Thelandersson & K. Petersen
Robust flood defences in a changing environment 652
H.G. Voortman & M. Veendorp
Experimental and computational assessment of robustness of steel and reinforced
concrete framed buildings 654
J.A. Main, Y. Bao, F. Sadek & H.S. Lew
Fragility curve of steel containment failure due to hydrogen deflagration 656
D. Proske & M. Richner
Seismic damage probabilities for segmented buried pipelines 657
S. Toprak, E. Nacawglu & A. C. Koc
A reliability-based measure of robustness for concrete structures subjected to corrosion 660
E. S. Cavaco, L.A.C. Neves &J.R Casus
MSJ237— Socialperspectivesfor hazards decision
Making the case for resilience investments 665
E. Seville, J. Vargo, J. Stevenson & A. Stephenson
Rebuilding L'Aquila following the 2009 earthquake: Priorities and perspectives 667
A.B. Liel, R.B. Corotis, J. Sutton, G. Camata, E. Spacone & R. Holtzman
The function of regulations and incentives for societal safety 669
A. Lentz & LB. Kroon
Political pitfalls in hazards planning 671
R. Corotis
MSJ514— Spatialprobabilistic modeling of deterioration and inspection (1)
Optimization of inspection and monitoring of structures in case of spatial fields
of deterioration/properties 675
F. Schoefs, T.V. Tran & E. Bastidas-Arteaga
xx
Repair efficiency and Life-Cycle Cost of RC bridge deck maintenance subjectedto spatially variable corrosion damage 678
J.A. Mullard & M. G. Stewart
A unified probabilistic treatment for in-line inspection with respect to detectability,reportability, false call potential and depth sizing 681
M.A. Maes&M.R. Dann
Spatial hierarchical POD model for in-line inspection data 683
M.R. Dann &M.A. Maes
MS_324— Spatial probabilistic modeling of deterioration and inspection (2)
Reliability of pipelines under corrosion and mechanical damage 687
F.A.V. Bazan &A.T. Beck
The performance of sampling inspections for localized deterioration process 689
S.P. Kuniewski & J.A.M. vander Weide
Influence of including spatial variability modelling on whole life managementof concrete structures 690
A.J. O'Connor
Reliability updating with inspection and monitoring data in deterioratingreinforced concrete slabs 692
D. Straub
MS_334 — Spatial probabilistic modeling of deterioration and inspection (3)
Spatial deterioration model updating of aging RC structures based on inspection information 697
K. G. Papakonstantinou & M. Shinozuka
Statistical analysis of the surfaces of corroded mild steel plates 699
R. E. Melchers, M. Ahammed, R. Jeffrey & G. Simundic
Random field modelling of spatial variability in FRP composite materials 701
S. Sriramula & M.K. Chryssanthopoulos
Spatial variability of potential fields in reinforced concrete structures 703
5. Kessler, C. Gehlen, D. Straub & M. Huber
GS_317— Statistical investigations andprobabilistic modeling (1)
Bayesian models for the detection of high risk locations on Portuguese motorways 709
S.M. Azeredo-Lopes & J.L. Cardoso
Statistical analysis of mechanical properties of prestressing strands 711
L. Jacinto, M. Pipa, L. 0. Santos & L. C. Neves
Probabilistic model for damage accumulation in concrete tunnel lining and its applicationto optimal repair strategy 713
H. Tanaka, O. Mamyama & A. Sutoh
Application of extreme value theory to discriminate between failure modes 715
R.E. Melchers
Development of state-based Markovian transition probabilities for bridgecondition estimation 717
T.M. Reale&A.J. O'Connor
GS_327— Statistical investigations andprobabilistic modeling (2)
A model for the failure probability of components of electrical substations
under seismic load 721
M. Raschke
xxi
A study of the stochastic properties of auto-correlation coefficients for microtremor data
simultaneously observed at two sites 723
H. Morikawa, K. liyama & M. Ohari
A Bayesian approach to analysing structural uncertainties in flood inundation models 726
L. Manning &J.W. Hall
Seismic loss modeling of two building portfolios using generalized Pareto model and copula 728
K. Goda & J. Ren
ACER function plots as a diagnostic tool for extreme value prediction 730
A. Naess & O. Gaidai
MS_337— Statistical investigations andprobabilistic modeling (3)
Statistical analysis of NDT results for analysing the efficiency of repair techniques of wharves:
The MAREO project 735
F. Benmeddow; G. Villain, X. Derobert, O. Abraham, F. Schoefs, M. Perrin, S. Bonnet & M. Choinska
The a8 method for reliability modeling and improvement of NDT-tools for Risk Based
Inspection (RBI): Application to corroded structures 738
F, Schoefs & J. Boero
Fluctuation Analysis of stochastic physical systems based on Probability Density
Evolution Method 741
W.L. Sun, J. Li &J.B. Chen
The use of quasi-symmetric point method in probability density evolution method 743
J. Xu, IB. Chen & J. Li
MS_331 — Stochastic models and simulation ofearthquake ground motions
Seismic risk sensitivity analysis focusing on stochastic ground motion modeling 749
A. A. Tajlanidis & C. Vetter
Simulation of seismic ground motion time histories from data using
a non Gaussian stochastic model 752
I. Zentner, F. Poirion & P. Cacciola
Stochastic model for earthquake ground motion using wavelet packets 754
Y. Yamamoto &J.W. Baker
Simulation of non-stationary differential support motions accounting for varyingsoil conditions 757
K. Konakli & A. Der Kiureghian
Stochastic simulation of near-fault ground motions for specified earthquakeand site characteristics 759
M. Dabaghi, S. Rezaeian & A. Der Kiureghian
GS_222 — Structural reliability (1)
Variance reducing capacity of concrete conformity control in structural reliability analysisunder parameter uncertainties 763
R. Caspeele & L. Taerwe
Corrosion effects onto the safety of steel sheet pile walls in marine environment 765
P. Osbrio, C. Odenbreit, M. Greger & T. Vrouwenvelder
Robustness analysis of structural systems considering accidental actions 767
N. Kagho, A. Orcesi & C. Cremona
A coupling Bayesian/reliability approach for robust updating applications 769
B. Richard, L. Adelaide, A. Orcesi & C. Cremona
xxii
Comparative study of safety formats for nonlinear finite element analysis of concrete structures 771
H. Schlune, M. Plos & K. Gylltoft
GS_232 — Structural reliability (2)
Probabilistic analysis of iced structures 775
J. Markova
Probabilistic durability assessment of power-producing facilities 777
M. Holicky & J. Markova
Uncertainty effects on dynamic response evaluations of wind energy offshore platform 779
K. Kawano, Y. Kimura, K. Nagafuchi & T. Takahashi
Seismic risk assessment of building-elevator systems based on simulated ground motion
considering long period components and phase characteristics 781
M. Kohiyama & T. Kita
Structural reliability analysis of steel sheet-pile seawalls subjected to corrosion
in harbour environment 783
J. Boero, H. Yanez-Godoy, B. Capra &F. Schoefs
GS_311 — Structural reliability (3)
Reliability-based design optimization via a concurrent process 787
K. W. Liao
Efficient method for the probability assessment of ellipsoidal limit state surface 789
S.D. Koduru
Modeling structural degradation of RC bridge columns subjected to cumulative seismic
damage and their fragility estimates 791
R. Kumar & P. Gardoni
Calibration of reliability-based load rating method for New York State 792
M. Ghosn, B. Sivakumar & F. Miao
Structural reliability in the fire situation, the effect of active fire safety 794
J.-B. Schkich
GS_321 — Structural reliability (4)
Seismic fragility of RC bridges using the data obtained from nondestructive testing 799
Q. Huang, P. Gardoni & S. Hurlebaus
Use of BWIM data for bridge assessment 800
M. Petschacher
Harmonic wavelet-based statistical linearization of the Bouc-Wen hysteretic model 802
P.D. Spanos & LA. Kougioumtzoglou
Reliability analysis of stresses in prestressed concrete girder under service live load 804
E.-S. Hwang, I.-R. Paik & S.H Nguyen
Fragility analysis for sensor fault detection of smart structures 806
Y. Kim&J.-W.Bai
MS_315 — The treatment of uncertainties in large-scale stochastic systems (1)
Stochastic responses of Navier-Stokes equations computed with dynamicallyorthogonal field equations 809
T.P. Sapsis & P.F.J. Lennusiaux
Seismic reliability of frame structures with non-Gaussian system properties 811
G. Stefanou & M. Fragiadakis
xxiii
Pile settlement analysis on spatially random soil 812
G, Stefanou, G. Pittas & M. Papadrakakis
A response surface method for nonlinear stochastic dynamic analysis 813
U. Alibrandi
Estimating seismic performance uncertainty using IDA with progressive accelerogram-wise
latin hypercube sampling 814
D. Vamvatsikos
MS_325 — The treatment of uncertainties in large-scale stochastic systems (2)
The use of homotopy WHEP algorithm for solving stochastic differential equations 819
M.A. El-Tawil
Efficient sensitivity analysis of complex engineering problems 820
T. Most
Simulation of strongly non-Gaussian stochastic vector processes using translation process theory 822
M.D. Shields & G. Deodatis
Computational reliability analysis of Soil-Foundation-Structure Interaction (SFSI) systems 824
Q. Gu, M. Barbato & IP. Conte
MS_213 — Uncertainty and imprecision in geotechnical and structural engineering (1)
Error proneness in construction 829
F. Knoll
The role of uncertainty in the political process for risk investment decisions 831
H. Bonstrom, R. Corotis & K. Porter
Evaluation of the safety criteria of Brazilian Standard NBR 6118 for slender members based
on reliability analyses 833
F.R. Stucchi, S.H.C. Santos &R.M. Franco
Uncertainty analysis in geotechnical engineering—a comparativestudy of selected approaches 835
M. Beer, Y. Zhang, S.T. Quek & K.K. Phoon
Debris flow impact uncertainty modeling with Grey numbers 837
D. Proske
MS_223 — Uncertainty and imprecision in geotechnical and structural engineering (2)
Evaluation and implications of soil variability in tunneling 841
M. Huber, P.A. Vermeer & C. Moormann
Risks of analyses with lateral earth pressure load 842
P. Koudelka
Uncertainty correlation in structural performance assessment 844
J.-A. Goulet &I.F.C. Smith
Seismic response evaluations of ground pavement system with uncertainty 846
K. Nagafuchi, K. Kawano & Y. Kimura
Resolution and uncertainty analysis in Bayesian FE model updating applied to the damageassessment in a reinforced concrete beam 848
E. Simoen, E. Reynders, G. Lombaert & G. De Roeck
MSJ233 — Uncertainty and imprecision in geotechnical and structural engineering (3)
An extension of limit state functions by parameterized probability measures 853
T.Fetz
xxiv
On the optimal scaling of the Modified Metropolis-Hastings algorithm 855
K.M. Zuev, J.L. Beck & L.S. Katafygiotis
Non-specificity modeling of concrete cracking strength using possibility theory 856
J.J. Kim, M.M. Recla Taha & T.J. Ross
Likelihood-based representation of imprecision due to sparse point data and/or interval data 858
S. Sankararaman & S. Mahadevan
Response bounds for structures with interval stiffness 859
N. Impollonia, S. Zito, G. Muscolino & F. Saitta
MS_313 — Uncertainty and imprecision in geotechnical and structural engineering (4)
Stochastic optimal structural control 863
K. Marti
Risk acceptance criteria based on uncertain estimates of structural failure probabilities 865
S.G Reid
Interval finite elements for nonlinear material problems 867
M. V. Rama Rao, R.L. Mullen & R.L. Muhanna
Reliability-based design for steel drive-in racks under forklift truck impact 869
H. Zhang, B.R Gilbert &K.J.R. Rasmussen
Reliability analysis of steel scaffold shoring structures 871
H. Zhang, K.J.R. Rasmussen & B.R. Ellingwood
GS_111 — Uncertainty, statistics andprobability (1)
Robust simulation for sensitivity analysis of catastrophe risk losses 875
R.J. Murnane, C.E. Taylor, T. Jagger & Z. Hu
Propagation of aleatoric uncertainty in light-frame wood shear walls 878
S.M.H. Shirazi& W. Pang
Shear strength variability of sandy and fine-grained soils 881
P. Koudelka
Correlation in probabilistic simulation 883
M. Vofechovsky
Computational intelligence techiques with modern applications of fuzzy pattern classification 885
I.R latan
GS_121 — Uncertainty, statistics andprobability (2)
Reliability analysis of a brittle fracture due to crack instability using sequentialMonte Carlo simulation 889
L.E. Garciano & I. Yoshida
Life-cycle assessment and uncertainty in modelling: Introduction of a possible "aid" index 891
E. Garavaglia
Mechanical characterisation of lacustrine clay by interpreting spatial variability
in CPTU measurements 893
G. Vessia, F. Casini & S. Springman
Dynamic response variability of a small span bridge for high speed rail traffic 896
J. Rocha, A.A. Henriques & R. Calgada
Author index 899
xxv