Applications of RS and GIS in Urban Planning by Rakshith m murthy

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INDEX

• INTRODUCTION• What is RS?• What is GIS?• Urban planning

• NEED FOR RS AND GIS OVER CONVENTIONAL METHODS

• APPLICATION OF RS AND GIS IN URBAN PLANNING

• CONCLUSION• REFERENCES

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INTRODUCTION

The urban areas in developing countries have witnessed tremendous changes in terms of population growth and urbanization.

In the absence of proper urban management practice, uncontrolled and rapid increase in population pose enormous challenges to governments in providing adequate shelter to the millions of homeless and poor in urban areas. This has also posed great concern among urban planners.

Hence, incorporation of RS and GIS in urban planning has become a very useful aid.

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Remote sensing

Remote sensing is the science of obtaining information about objects, area or phenomenon without making physical contact with them.

Captures spatial (area), spectral (color) and temporal (time) data with accuracy, speed and cost effective on a repetitive basis

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Remote sensing process

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Geographical information system (GIS)

GIS are decision support computer based systems for collecting, storing, presenting and analyzing geographical spatial information.

A GIS stores its data in layers.

Each layer consists of a map plus a table of attribute data.

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Urban planning

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Need for RS and GIS over conventional methods

Areas in which replacement of the conventional methods by RS and GIS are as follows;

Digitization of cadastral map using GIS. Preparation of new maps using satellite RS is

cheapest and quickest available method. To keep track of urban growth. To update land use and land cover maps

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Application of RS and GIS in urban planning

1) Urban sprawl: Urban sprawl is the outgrowth along peripheries of cities and along highways.

It is characterized by an unplanned and uneven pattern of growth leading to inefficient resource utilization.

It can be effectively studied by dividing the study area into concentric circles of incrementing radius of 1km and studying the analyzing the following aspects:

a) pre processing b) vegetation cover analysis c) land use analysis d) density gradient analysis

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Study area: Bengaluru

Study area has been divided into concentric circles of incrementing radius of 1km from the centre of the city.

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Gradient-wise temporal land use

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2) Land use changes: It refers to the dynamic change that the land/geographical area has undergone with time.

Temporal land use details of Mysuru

Classification output of Mysuru

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3) Mapping administrative boundaries:

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4) Water demand and supply analysis: This is effectively done by dividing the study area into itineraries and further analyzed for water availability density.

water availability density = supply density-demand densityStudy area: Western region of Nairobi country. 155 itineraries

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The blue color indicates areas with very low water supply.

Areas with red color have adequate water supply.

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5) Road network analysis: By using network analysis tools, shortest route was created between two different locations, which is more efficient in terms of less time and subsequently, cost consumed in travelling.

The route may connect just two nodes – an origin and a destination or have specific stop between these two nodes.

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7) Monitoring archaeological sites: encroachment around the archaeological sites can be analzed using satellite imagery.

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8) Urban information system in India: The national urban information system ( NUIS) of India was drafted in 2000.

Components of NUIS: a) Urban spatial information system (USIS) b) National Urban Data Bank & Indicators (NUDB&I)

Objectives of NUIS scheme: a) generate spatial data in the form of accurate maps and

attribute (statistical) data. b) use of modern data sources / technologies from high

resolution satellites and GIS concepts c) To develop and implement the information system concept

in planning and managing urban settlements

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Some of the other applications of RS and GIS in urban planning are as follows:

Traffic analysis Assessing physical transformation of cities Land suitability modeling Disaster management ( E.g.: landslides, flood,

drought, etc.) Delineating environmental sensitive area. Planning zones

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Conclusion

Issues like quality of infrastructure, energy efficient services and environmental conditions in a city and many other pose a challenge to urban planning.

To solve the above issues and to plan a better city at the current rate of urbanization, quick and intelligent response from the planning authorities are necessary.

In other words, the urban planning authorities and agencies

in every parts of the country should adopt new technologies like remote sensing and GIS.

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References

Ramachandra TV, Durgappa and Bharath aithal., 2011, Insights on urban dynamics through landscape spatial pattern analysis, international journal of applied earth observation and geoinformation 18 (2012) 329-343.

P. N. Wafula and T. G. Ngigi., 2015, GIS Based Analysis of Supply and Forecasting Piped Water Demand in Nairobi, international journal of engineering science invention, volume 4 issue 2.

M Raghunath., 2006, Application of remote sensing and GIS in urban land suitability modeling at parcel level using multi-criteria decision analysis.

NUIS manual, ISO 9001 -2000.

Applications of RS and GIS in Urban Planning by Rakshith m murthy

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