Applications of recombinant dna technology in pharmacy
Transcript of Applications of recombinant dna technology in pharmacy
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APPLICATIONS OF
RECOMBINANT DNA
TECHNOLOGY IN PHARMACY
PRESENTED BY:V.SUHASINI
M-PHARMDEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS
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WHAT IS DNA? DNA= Deoxyribu-Nucelic Acid
1. DNA is a very large molecule, made up of smaller units called nucleotides
2. Each nucleotide has three parts: a sugar (ribose), a phosphate molecule, and a nitrogenous base.
3. The nitrogenous base is the part of the nucleotide that carries genetic information
4. The bases found in DNA are four: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine ( ATP, CTP, GTP, and TTP)
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RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY Recombinant DNA technology
procedures by which DNA from different species can be isolated, cut and spliced together
new "recombinant " molecules are then multiplied in quantity in populations of rapidly dividing cells (e.g. bacteria, yeast).
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RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
In the early 1970s it became possible to isolate a specific piece of DNA out of the millions of base pairs in a typical genome.
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RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
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GENE CLONING
It can be defined as the isolation and amplification of an individual gene sequence by insertion of that individual gene sequence into a bacterium where it can be replicated
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APPLICATIONS OF RDNA TECHNOLOGY IN MEDICINE
Recombinant DNA technology had made it possible to treat different diseases by inserting new genes in the human body.
Recombinant DNA is widely used in biotechnology, medicine and research. Today, recombinant proteins and other products that result from the use of rDNA technology
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INSULIN Insulin is a peptide hormone
produced by beta cells in the pancrease. Which regulate the amount of glucose in the blood
If a person has decrease amount of insulin in his body , the person will suffer from a disease called diabetes
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PRODUCTION OF RECOMBINANT INSULIN Two type of source used prepare insulin ANIMAL HUMAN 1. Pig (porcine)2. Cow (bovine)
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RECOMBINANT METHOD USED TO PREPARE INSULIN
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MARKETED BRAND PRODUCT OF HUMAN INSULIN
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DIFFERENT TYPE HUMAN INSULIN Fast acting Insulin lispro Eli Lilly Company developed and marketed the first rapid acting
insulin analogue (insulin lispro rDNA) Humalog Insulin aspart Novo Nordisk created "aspart" and marketed it as
NovoLog/NovoRapid (UK-CAN) as a rapid acting insulin analogue. Insulin glulisine Glulisine is rapid acting insulin analog from Sanofi-AventisLong acting Detemir insulin Novo Nordisk created insulin Degludec insulin developed by Novo NordiskAdvantage 1. It does not cause allergic reaction
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MARKETED BRAND PRODUCT OF ANIMAL INSULIN
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Advantage of animal insulin :1. behavioural changes, lethargy, often
feeling unwell that are not recognised when using animal insulin
Disadvantage of animal insulin 1. Low peak activity time 2. Patient immune system produced
antibodies. That antibodies against it neutralization so it will produce inflammation
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VACCINES: The disease should not enter into the body so
before it self we administered the vaccine Example small pox , Herpes, Influenza,
Hepatitis and Mouth Diseases vaccine which makes use of recombinant DNA
technology is known as recombinant vaccines
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TYPE OF VACCINES (i) Recombinant protein vaccines:
the specific protein used in vaccine preparation eg: Polypeptide vaccines
(ii) DNA vaccines: Here the gene encoding for immunogenic protein is isolated and used to produce recombinant DNA which acts as vaccine eg : vaccinia virus
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MARKETED PRODUCT FOR RECOMBINANT VACCINE
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Advantage1. r DNA vaccine is considered to be safe
then the convention vaccine 2. It induce both hormonal and cellular
response resulting in effective vaccine Disadvantage 1. High cost 2. We should store low temperature since
heat de stabilizer protein
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ORAL VACCINE A NOVEL APPROACH Latest technology vaccine take orally Immunogenic protein more active in we
have take orally This vaccine mainly take human . It is
available normal cooking oil form We will take orally means it will dissolve
in mouth example : flu vaccine
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ORAL VACCINE MARKETED PRODUCT
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RECOMBINANT HUMAN GROWTH HORMONES Produced by the pituitary gland, human
growth hormone (HGH) is essential for proper growth in children. Some children, however, have disorders that cause reduced HGH levels
In 1979 Somatostatin was 1st introduced
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MARKETED PRODUCT FOR (HGH)
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RECOMBINANT MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY Synthetic antibodies called recombinant
antibodies (rAbs) can be created using antibody genes made in a laboratory or taken from human cells
Monoclonal antibody used to treat cancer, various auto-immune disorders, and other diseases
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved 22 monoclonal antibodies
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RECOMBINANT MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY
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MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY
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RECOMBINANT TECHNOLOGY USED IN AGRICULTURE Agriculture is a major field in which
recombinant DNA technology is applied The rDNA technology used to prepare a
plant does not occur viral and bacterial injection
Heat resistance plant the administration of bovine growth
hormone to cow to increase milk production
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RECOMBINANT TECHNOLOGY USED IN AGRICULTURE rDNA technology used prepare corn ,
brinjal, cotton , golden rice , tomatoes , sweet corn
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RECOMBINANT BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR Coagulation factor 8 is very important
and essential factor Less amount of f8 present in the body
called hemophilia rDNA technology also made possible the
production of human blood clotting factor
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MARKETED PRODUCT FOR BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR
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RECOMBINANT INTERFERONS Interferons belong to the large class
of glycoproteins known as cytokines Which ability to block the multiplication
and division of virus cells Interferons can be treat cancer cell of
leukemia Recombinant technology used to
produce interferons
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MARKETED PRODUCT OF INTERFERON
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REFERENCES http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/allis
on/docs/sample_ch8.pdf
http://www.preservearticles.com/2011120818251/some-of-the-applications-of-recombinant-dna-technology-are-as-follows.html
http://www.infoplease.com/cig/biology/dna-technology-applications.html
http://www.globalresearchonline.net/volume1issue1/Article%20009.pdf
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