Applications of Differentiation · 8/3/2015  · 3Applications of Differentiation. 2 Limits at...

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1 3 Applications of Differentiation

Transcript of Applications of Differentiation · 8/3/2015  · 3Applications of Differentiation. 2 Limits at...

Page 1: Applications of Differentiation · 8/3/2015  · 3Applications of Differentiation. 2 Limits at Infinity 3.5. 3 •Determine (finite) limits at infinity. •Determine the horizontal

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3 Applications of Differentiation

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Limits at Infinity3.5

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• Determine (finite) limits at infinity.

• Determine the horizontal asymptotes, if any, of the graph of a function.

• Determine infinite limits at infinity.

Objectives

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Limits at InfinityHow do you determine end behavior for 

polynomials?

How do you determine end behavior for rational functions?

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This section discusses the “end behavior” of a functionon an infinite interval. Consider the graph ofas shown in Figure 3.33.

Limits at Infinity

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Graphically, you can see that the values of f(x) appear to approach 3 as x increases without bound or decreases without bound. You can come to the same conclusions numerically, as shown in the table.

Limits at Infinity

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The table suggests that the value of f(x) approaches 3 as x increases without bound              . Similarly, f(x) approaches 3 as x decreases without bound                .These limits at infinity are denoted by

and

Limits at Infinity

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Horizontal Asymptotes

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How do we find horizontal asymptotes?

Horizontal Asymptotes

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           Horizontal Asymptotes

         

    (For #3: when the limit does not exist, the function goes to infinity or negative infinity as we go to the far left or right.)

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Example – Finding a Limit at Infinity  

Find the limit:(Discuss Indeterminate Form:      )

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So, the line y = 2 is a horizontal asymptote to the right.By taking the limit as               , you can see that y = 2 is also a horizontal asymptote to the left. 

Example – Finding a Limit at Infinity  Find the limit:

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Example – Finding a Limit at Infinity 

Find the limit:

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Example – Finding a Limit at Infinity Find the limit:

Solution: Using Theorem 3.10, you can write

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Example – Finding a Limit at Infinity 

Find the limit:

Be careful!

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Example – Finding a Limit at Infinity 

Find the limits:

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Example – Finding a Limit at Infinity 

Find the limits:

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Infinite Limits at Infinity

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Find each limit.

Example – Finding Infinite Limits at Infinity

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Find each limit.

Solution:

As x increases without bound, x3 also increases without bound. So, you can write

As x decreases without bound, x3 also decreases without bound. So, you can write

Example – Finding Infinite Limits at Infinity

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Example – continued

The graph of f(x) = x3  in Figure 3.42 illustrates these two results. These results agree with the Leading Coefficient Test for polynomial functions.

cont’d

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Example

What if in the rational function, the numerator has the leading term with a power that is one greater than the leading term in the denominator?  Does it have a limit as it goes to infinity or negative infinity?

(Do #1­6 from section 3.5 in the book together as a class.)

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Summary:

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Assignment:Section 3.5: problems 1­6, 13­27 odd, 

39, 59­71 odd