Applications for the Internet of Things
Transcript of Applications for the Internet of Things
Applications for the Internet of Things
Pierre Rust
1MINES Saint-Étienne, CNRSLab Hubert Curien UMR 5516
2Orange Labs
UMR • CNRS • 5516 • SAINT-ETIENNE
IoT Wearables Smart Home IIoT Energy Smart Agriculture Transportation Smart Cities
Presentation
Pierre RustWork for Orange
I Software DeveloperI Research EngineerI ... and Phd Student
Work onI Local Area Newtork and ProtocolsI End-user product and devices : Smart Home, Livebox,
mobile apps, etc.I Now IoT !
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Internet of Things Applications
IoT vs M2MWearablesSmart HomeIndustrial IoTEnergySmart AgricultureTransportationSmart Cities
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Internet of Things
What is IoT ?Is that really new ?
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Internet of Things vs M2M
M2M : Machine to Machine CommunicationsWikipedia:" Machine to machine refers to direct communicationbetween devices [...]. M2M communication can includeindustrial instrumentation, enabling a sensor or meter tocommunicate the data it records (such as temperature,inventory level, etc.) to application software that can use it."
M2M exists for many years: 1995 !What is the difference between M2M and IoT ?
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Internet of Things vs M2M
Google trend for M2M and IoT search terms (last 10 years)
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Internet of Things vs M2MIs it different ?
IoT =? M2M + Marketing + Hype
Partly true ...Many M2M companies are now successfully re-brandingthem-self as IoT !But there is more to IoT !
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Internet of Things vs M2MSo what are the differences ?
IoT, the natural evolution of M2M
M2MPoint-to-PointVerticalClosedRequiresCommitment
IoTMulti-pointHorizontalOpenAllowsExperimentation
Comparison from Aapo Markkanen, ABI Research, Principal Analyst for M2M and IOT.
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Internet of Things vs M2Mis it different ?
Another view : M2M is IoT at scale
more connectivitymore devicesmore competencies / developersmore services and applications
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Internet of Things vs M2MIoT and connectivity
New connectivity optionsCheaper: chipset designed for mass production and lowcostMore energy efficient: years on a battery, energyharvesting
Examples:
Low-power Local-area connections : Bluetooth, Zibee,Z-Wave, EnOcean, etc.
Low-power Wide-Area connection : SigFox, LoRa, etc.
Next generation cellular technology: 5G (3GPP)
And of course GSM / 2G are still widely used.
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Internet of Things vs M2MIoT and devices
New hardware for building connected objects:Cheap and small sensors and actuatorsCheap computing power
I many micro-controllers available on the marketI the mass production of smartphone made arm-based
micro-processors cheapEnergy efficiency
I required in most use-cases !
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Internet of Things vs M2Mis it different ?
hardware is hard ...“There is a reason they call it hardware — it is hard,”
Tony Fadell, father of the iPod
... and so is M2M (and IoT) !But it’s getting easier !
I Lot’s of new tools, making life easier for developersI Open-source boom in IoT areaI Platform and Saas are available (to avoid re-developing
everything from scratch)I Competencies are becoming "mainstream"
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Internet of Things vs M2MMore applications and services
Thanks to the "Cloud"Storage is cheaperComputation is cheaperScaling is easier (but still hard !)
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Applications for the Internet of Things
Consumer applicationsBusiness / Enterprise application
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IoT applications popularity
from https://iot-analytics.com/10-internet-of-things-applications/Represents popularity, not necessarily reality and deployments !
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IoT consumer applications
IoT consumer applications have been enabled by thesmartphone revolution.
Two examples:WearablesSmart-home
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IoT wearablesThe (big) tip of the iceberg
Worldwide wearable device revenue of $28.7 billion(274.6 million units) in 2016, up 18.4% over 2015 (232million units) - GartnerThe most visible consumer oriented IoT devices
I Activity & sleep trackers: Fitbit, Nike Fuelband, Garmin,Withings go, etc.
I Smart-watch: Apple, Motorola, Samsung, Pebble,Withings, etc.
I Connected jewelery and accessoriesI Smartglasses, contact lens : Google, MicrosoftI Clothing
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Wearables: What for ?Wearable functionalities:
Fitness and trackingQuantified selfContactless paymentHealth (hopefully !), already some devices available forseniors and babies (alerting and sleep monitors)In the enterprise : identification, authentication,localization, etc.
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Wearable : How do they work ?
Current wearables are mostly peripherals for asmartphone.With bluetooth (esp.BLE) the smartphone acts as a localgateway (aka ’sensor hub’)A dedicated application runs on the smartphone andforward the data to a cloud platform"horizontal" data sharing is done on the cloud
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Wearable : How do they work ?
from http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/ba-bluemix-diy-iot-wearable-app/
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Smart Home
Aka Home automation: control and automation ofI lighting,I heating,I ventilation, air conditioning, etc.I appliances: washing machine, dishwasher, refrigerators,
etc.Very old (geek) dream, but a limited market
I too expensive: restricted to very costly installationI too complex to install and operate (KNX, etc.)
Seems to take off today with IoT !
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Smart Home
Three major kind of actors todayStartups: stand-alone objectsBig Internet company: platformsTelecommunication operators: local hubs
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Smart Home: startups
Simple stand-alone objects, focused on one specific use:ThermostatCamera (with face recognition, activity detection, alerts& recording ,etc.)Weather stations
These products are designed vertically:designed to work with their own platformno local communication !integration (if any) is done through the cloud andservices like IFTTT
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Smart Home: StartupsExamples : Withing, Netatmo
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Smart Home: GAFA
Big Internet companies try to build platforms for smart-homeDefine their own architecture, protocols, platforms, ...Let other people build devices for their eco-systemMake money either from data of from licenses
Examples :Apple: HomeKit,Google: Nest but also Brillo & WeaveAmazon: Echo
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Smart Home: Apple HomeKit
Apple framework to integrate for Smart Home devices intoit’s existing iDevices ecosystem
works with iPhone, iPad, iWatch & Apple TVbased on existing technologies, with an ’Apple twist’
API for developers, to make application for their devicescertification program for device manufacturer, licensesbusiness model based on hardware, not data !
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Smart Home: Google & Nest
Google bought Nest in 2014: $3.2 billion !Nest was a startup, making stand-alone objectsnow also promotes a "Work with Nest" program tointegrate other objects and services
Since 2015, a platform approach based on Nest solutions:Brillo: Operating system for IoTWeave: protocol for smart-ojects
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Smart Home: Amazon Echo
Amazon Echo: intelligent, voice-controlled householdappliance:
an object, but mostly the door for aplatformwants to be the main user interfaceof the Smart-Homeallows integration of other servicesand objects
I controlling the light, the heatingsystems, ...
I ordering a pizza, calling a taxi, ...I cross-selling its own services!
data, data & data !
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Smart Home: Telecom operators
Many telcos have launched Smart Home offers : Orange,SFR, Deutsch Telecom, AT&T, ...
New offer for consumerReduce churn and increase ARPU
Telco have an ’hub’ approach:One box that coordinates everything in the houseThe "connection box" tradition (gateway - livebox)A set of low power basic sensorsImplement existing standards to integrate other objectsand services
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Enterprise IoT projects
Excluding Consumer IoT : Wearable, Smart Homefrom https://iot-analytics.com/top-10-iot-project-application-areas-q3-2016/
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Connected Industry: Industrial IoT (IIoT)
Industry is a long-time user of M2M, with IIoT it’s scaling up.Analysts expect IIoT to be so big that it is considered by manyto be a specific subset of IoT now.
Oil & Gas: one of the reason IIoT is so big!Smart Factories
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IIoT for Oil & Gas industry
Extremely capital-intensive and complex industry:Upstream: Exploration & Production (finding and drillingwells, etc. )Refining: convert crude oil into gazolineDistributing
The Oil & Gas industry is used to make huge investments, andexpect a return !
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Oil & Gas: Upstream
Source: Accenturehttp://industrialiot5g.com/20160909/internet-of-things/upstream-oil-and-gas-tag31-tag99
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IIoT: Oil & Gas
Improve operational efficiencyExploration: improve data acquisition (sensors & robots),processing and interpretationReduce downtime: predictive maintenance vs.preventive maintenance
I Very high cost maintenance: a single pump failure cancost $100,000 to $300,000 a day in lost production
Reduce site visits: remote monitoringIncrease productivity and reduce accident frequencywith real time monitoring of assets
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Oil & Gas: Upstream
from Intel, "IoT solution for Upstream Gas and oil"intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/solution-briefs/iot-upstream-oil-gas-solution-brief.pdf
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Oil & Gaz: Distribution
Distribution use case : Orange & Sensile.
Sensile: Telemetry solution providerRemote monitoring gas and oil tank25,000 SIM card with 2G, 3G and 4G connectivity in 60countriesAnalytics and data visualizationOptimize delivery schedules , saving 25% of logisticsrelated costs
A Typical "M2M" scenario !
http://industrialiot5g.com/20160714/channels/use-cases/industrial-internet-things-case-study-tag23
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Industrial IoT
Oil & GasSmart Factories
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IIoT: Smart Factories
Aka "Industry 4.0":"Industry 4.0 is the trend of automation and data exchange inmanufacturing technologies. It includes cyber-physical systems,the Internet of things and cloud computing." (Wikipedia)
Supposed to be the fourth industrial revolution !
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Smart Factories
Industry 4.0 (ambitious!) design principles:
Interoperability: machines, devices, sensors, and peopleconnect and communicate with each other via the IoT.
Information transparency: information systems create a virtualcopy of the physical world by enriching digital plant modelswith sensor data.
Technical assistance: support human decision making (dataaggregation and visualization). Avoid unpleasant, tooexhausting, or unsafe tasks for humans.
Decentralized decisions: cyber physical systems makedecisions on their own and perform their tasks asautonomously as possible.
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Smart Factories
Improve productivity in production system and supply chain:Still very new and prospective (2012), no real exampleavailable (yet!)Continuing trend of separating design from productionIncrease revenues by 23% and productivity by 26%(according to Mckinsey)Many companies are already working on some aspects:
I (continue to) automate productionI build metrics from sensors to optimize processesI predictive maintenanceI tracking assets and production, supply chain integration
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Smart Factories : use case example
Bosh hand-held industrial tools:
from Bosh: first-european-testbed-for-the-industrial-internet-consortium
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Smart Factories: connected tools
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Smart Factories: connected tools
Connected screw driver: for aircraft, automotive, etc.
located precisely on the factory floor
knows who is using it, checks for training and certifications
knows the current task
identifies the kind of screw used
knows exactly the right torque to apply for the current task
records usage for regulations
For a single tool, imagine doing that at the full factory level !
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IoT & Energy
Many IoT activity on energy industries: oil, gas, etc.On specific case : electricity
I Secondary source: always produced from other (primary)energy sources
I Lots of different usages, and increasingI Lots of different production methods : coal, gaz, nuclear,
hydropower, wind, solar, biomass, etc.
"An electrical grid is an interconnected network for deliveringelectricity from suppliers to consumers." (Wikipedia)
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Smart Grid
New challenges with renewable sources:The grid is more distributed and decentralized:
I many more small producers,I often consumer at the same time
Production is not stable : depends on weather, etc.Consumption is not aligned with productionYet, generation and consumption must be balancedacross the entire grid
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Smart grid
Smart meteringDecentralizing operations : local production andconsumptionAsynchronous : organize energy storageDriving consumption
I by automatic offloadingI by varying price
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Smart grid - Linky
First step in France: Linky smart meter, deployed by ERDF.
real-time metering : every 2 seconds
measure input and output energy : for prosumers
connection: mesh PLC
remote monitoring of failure
designed for dynamic pricing
source canardPC - dossier Linky
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Smart agriculture
ChallengesWorld population keeps increasingResources depletion & pollution
Smart Agriculture:Producing more by optimizing crop yieldsCheaper production by using less chemicals, fertilizers,etc.Better use of natural resources: water, etc.
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Smart agricuture
Improve rural area connectivityAdd sensors in the fields and on machineryAnalyse this data to make the right decisionDirect command of watering and fertilizer distribution
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Use case: Vineyard
Fruition Science: smart agriculuture for vineyard
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Use case: VineyardFruition Science: smart agriculuture for vineyard
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Use case: Hostabee
Hostabee: French Startup (supported by Orange)remote monitoring of beesboth in rural and urban area (e.g. to building)humidity, heat and activity sensors, connected with LoRa
Avoid stealingImprove production, avoid visitDelegate the work to specialized workers
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Intelligent Transportation Systems
Another sector that IoT is going to ’disrupt’ !Connected carsConnected infrastructureTraffic DataAutonomous vehicles
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Connected cars
Connected cars are already a reality since 2010 (30% in theUS)
Smartphone integration: MirrorLink, CarPlayEntertainment,Navigation: with traffic and alertsRoadside assistance: contacting authorities and rescueworkersAutomotive system diagnosisRemote, wireless upgrade : Tesla
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Autonomous Vehicles
Supposed to be commonplace in 2025Personal carsTaxisTrucks
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Smart city
New challenges for cities:Increase in urban population (70% in the world)Demographic changes: increase in the number ofseniorsLifestyle changes: new habits in work, mobility, newfamily patternsEnvironmental pressure: pollution, resources depletion,climate change, etc.
Smart City: use Information Technologies and IoT to improvethe quality of life, efficiency and economic competitivenessof the city, while ensuring an sustainable growth andprotecting the environment.
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Smart city: a perfect use-case for IoT !
Many different activities :
Transportation: cars, parking,public transports,merchandise, ...
Utilities: water, gaz,electricity,
Waste management,
Street lighting,
Public services,
Building management,
etc.
All these activities:
are managed by differentcompanies, public & privatesector
take place (roughly) at thesame time, in the sameplace,
depends on each other,
can and should beoptimized together !
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Smart city
The smart city technical requirement:
Sensor and data sharing
Interconnection & interoperability
A common shared infrastructure
Here we really see the difference between IOT and M2M !
Sharing means reduced costs but also increased complexity !
Applications and services are built by using and aggregatingdata from different domains (aka ’verticals’).
A converged approach to break silos that lowers TCO and unlocksnew use cases.
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Smart Lyon
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Smart cities use case - Lyon
New MobilitiesDigital servicesEnergy smart gridInnovation and initiative
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Questions ?
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