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![Page 1: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and
Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels
Navajo Nation Hydroclimate Measurement, Data Storage and Processing Workshop
Window Rock, Arizona
Jeff CordovaJune 12, 2008
![Page 2: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction
• The USGS typically develops rating curves and infers streamflow based on measurements of stage at one cross section.
• This method requires a large installation of equipment and may require significant manpower beyond the budget of USGS projects.
• Existing gaging stations may lack infrastructure to measure high flows.
![Page 3: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction• These streamgages can be significantly
damaged or completely destroyed during large events.
• New methods to measure streamflow with relatively inexpensive equipment and that are rapidly deployable are needed.
![Page 4: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Introduction
Rincon Creek
![Page 5: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Objective
• To develop a stage-discharge rating using the Continuous Slope-Area (CSA) method at the Babocomari and San Pedro River.
![Page 6: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Theory
• The Slope Area-Method is commonly used to measure peak discharge indirectly.
• The Slope Area-Method indirectly measures peak discharge from high water marks and/or debris lines after the event.
![Page 7: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
TheoryWater Surface Profile At Peak Discharge
Distance
Sta
ge
![Page 8: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Theory
• The water surface profile is input into the SAC program to compute the discharge between the reaches based on the fall between each cross section.
![Page 9: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Theory
• Originally conceived in not too far from here.
• The Continuous Slope-Area (CSA) method applies the same principles as the standard Slope-Area Method but at multiple locations and times along a stream reach.
![Page 10: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
TheoryWater Surface Profile At time = 0
Distance
Sta
ge
![Page 11: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
TheoryWater Surface Profile At time = 1
Distance
Sta
ge
![Page 12: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
TheoryWater Surface Profile At time = 2
Distance
Sta
ge
![Page 13: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
TheoryWater Surface Profile At Peak time = 3
Distance
Sta
ge
![Page 14: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
TheoryWater Surface Profile At time = 4
Distance
Sta
ge
![Page 15: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
TheoryWater Surface Profile At time = 5
Distance
Sta
ge
![Page 16: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Field Area 1
• The Babocomari River is a tributary into the San Pedro River.
• The Babocomari River is mostly an ephemeral stream with some perennial reaches.
• Summer monsoon storms can cause significant streamflow.
![Page 17: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Babocomari River
• The existing gage (09471400) is best suited for low to medium wading measurements.
• There is no cableway at the gage.
• An off road vehicle is needed to access the site.
![Page 18: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Babocomari River
![Page 19: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Babocomari River
• In July 2002, a CSA gage was constructed approximately .15 miles downstream of the gaging station.
• The CSA gage consists of eight crest-stage gages (CSG) installed on the left and right banks of four cross sections.
![Page 20: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Babocomari River
![Page 21: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Babocomari River
4920
4940
4960
4980
5000
5020
5040
5060
5080
5100
5120
4900 4950 5000 5050 5100 5150 5200 5250 5300
EASTING, IN FEET
NO
RT
HIN
G, I
N F
EE
T
CSG2
CSG1
CSG4
CSG3CSG5
CSG6
CSG7
CSG8X1
X2X3
X4
![Page 22: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Babocomari River
![Page 23: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Babocomari River
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
7/25
/02
10/25
/02
1/25
/03
4/25
/03
7/25
/03
10/25
/03
1/25
/04
4/25
/04
7/25
/04
10/25
/04
1/25
/05
4/25
/05
7/25
/05
10/25
/05
1/25
/06
4/25
/06
7/25
/06
DATE
DIS
CH
AR
GE
, IN
CF
S
• Since 2002, there have been five major flow events in the Babocomari River measured with the continuous slope-area method.
![Page 24: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Babocomari River
40.00
42.00
44.00
46.00
48.00
50.00
52.00
54.00
56.00
58.00
7/26
/06 19
:12
7/27
/06 0:
00
7/27
/06 4:
48
7/27
/06 9:
36
7/27
/06 14
:24
7/27
/06 19
:12
7/28
/06 0:
00
TIME
ST
AG
E A
BO
VE
DA
TU
M,
IN F
EE
T
CSG1
CSG5
CSG7
Stage Hydrograph for 07/27/2006 Flow Event
![Page 25: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Babocomari River
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
7/26
/06
19:1
2
7/27
/06
0:00
7/27
/06
4:48
7/27
/06
9:36
7/27
/06
14:2
4
7/27
/06
19:1
2
7/28
/06
0:00
TIME
DIS
CH
AR
GE
, C
FS
X1-X4
Discharge Hydrograph for 07/27/2006 Flow Event
![Page 26: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Babocomari River
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
7/26
/06 19
:12
7/27
/06 0:
00
7/27
/06 4:
48
7/27
/06 9:
36
7/27
/06 14
:24
7/27
/06 19
:12
7/28
/06 0:
00
7/28
/06 4:
48
TIME
DIS
CH
AR
GE
, C
FS
X1-X4
9471400
Total Gage Volume4261 AF
Total ContinuousSlope-Area Volume3451 AF
-19 % Difference
Gage vs. CSA 07/27/2006 Flow Event
![Page 27: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Babocomari River
40.00
42.00
44.00
46.00
48.00
50.00
52.00
54.00
56.00
58.00
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
DISCHARGE, IN CFS
EL
EV
AT
ION
AB
OV
E D
AT
UM
, IN
FE
ET
Rating based on the 07/27/2006 Flow Event (n = 235)
![Page 28: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Babocomari River
![Page 29: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Babocomari River
![Page 30: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Babocomari River
![Page 31: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Field Area 2 The San Pedro River
![Page 32: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The San Pedro RiverOne CSA gage was installed consisting of three CSGs.
Each CSG consists of• Five feet of channel iron• One six foot t post• CSG brackets and pipe• One Pressure Transducer• Cemented into channel
One CSG per cross section.
![Page 33: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The San Pedro RiverOne CSA gage was installed consisting of three CSGs.
Each CSG consists of• Five feet of channel iron• One six foot t post• CSG brackets and pipe• One Pressure Transducer• Cemented into channel
One CSG per cross section.
![Page 34: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The San Pedro River
![Page 35: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The San Pedro River
61400
61420
61440
61460
61480
61500
61520
38620 38630 38640 38650 38660 38670 38680 38690
EASTING, IN FEET
NO
RT
HIN
G, I
N F
EE
T
X1CSG1
CSG2
CSG3
X2
X3
![Page 36: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
The San Pedro River
Looking upstream from cross-section three.
Looking downstream from cross-section two.
![Page 37: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
The San Pedro River
![Page 38: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
The San Pedro River
![Page 39: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
The San Pedro River
![Page 40: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
The San Pedro River
42.00
44.00
46.00
48.00
50.00
52.00
54.00
7/27/2007 0:00 8/1/2007 0:00 8/6/2007 0:00 8/11/2007 0:00 8/16/2007 0:00TIME
ST
AG
E A
BO
VE
DA
TU
M,
IN F
EE
T
TL1
TL2
TL3
Stage Hydrograph 07/27/2007 through 08/15/2007
![Page 41: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
The San Pedro River
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
7/27/2007 0:00 8/1/2007 0:00 8/6/2007 0:00 8/11/2007 0:00 8/16/2007 0:00
TIME
DIS
CH
AR
GE
, CF
S
X1X3
9471800
Total Gage Volume14470 AF
Total ContinuousSlope-Area Volume16444 AF
14 % Difference
![Page 42: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
The San Pedro River
40.00
42.00
44.00
46.00
48.00
50.00
52.00
54.00
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
DISCHARGE, IN CFS
EL
EV
AT
ION
AB
OV
E D
AT
UM
, IN
FE
ET
![Page 43: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Conclusions
• The CSA method can be used to develop rating curves in ephemeral streams.
• The volume comparisons showed that the gage and CSA volumes were within 20 percent.
• The CSA method can be applied to all ranges of flow.
• The CSA method can supplement existing streamflow gages.
![Page 44: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Future Work
• Incorporate LIDAR scans to monitor channel changes.
• LIDAR = LIght Detection And Ranging
• Accurate Scans up to 1 Km
• Very high resolution
![Page 45: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Future Work
LIDAR unit
![Page 46: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Future Work
LIDAR Scan of the Santa Cruz River near Congress
![Page 47: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Future Work
• Install scour chains to measure scour/ deposition of channel sediments during a flow event.
![Page 49: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
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ALERT GAGEWITH
PRESSURE TRANSDUCER
THREE CROSS-
SECTION CONTINUOUS SLOPE AREA
![Page 52: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
ALERT GAGEWITH
PRESSURE TRANSDUCER
THREE CROSS-SECTION
CONTINUOUS SLOPE-AREA
VEKOL WASH CONTINUOUS SLOPE-AREA
![Page 53: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
USGS GAGE
THREE CROSS-SECTION
CONTINUOUS SLOPE-AREA
SAN PEDRO CONTINUOUS SLOPE-AREA
![Page 54: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
THREE CROSS-SECTION
CONTINUOUS SLOPE-AREA
SAN PEDRO CONTINUOUS SLOPE-AREA
MONITORING WELL
![Page 55: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
ST
AG
E,
IN F
EE
T
DISTANCE DOWNSTREAM, IN FEET
X1 X2 X3
CONTINUOUS SLOPE AREA REACH AT TIME ZERO
![Page 56: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
ST
AG
E,
IN F
EE
T
DISTANCE DOWNSTREAM, IN FEET
X1 X2 X3
CONTINUOUS SLOPE AREA REACH AT LATER TIME
![Page 57: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Why Measure Peak Streamflow Indirectly?
• Flashy Events
• Remoteness of Sites
• No Cableway or Bridge
• Just too Hazardous
![Page 58: Application of the Continuous Slope-Area Method for Determining Stream Discharge and Development of Rating Curves in Ephemeral Channels Navajo Nation Hydroclimate.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649d835503460f94a69102/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
The Middle San Pedro Basin
The Continuous Slope Area (CSA) method will be used foridentifying the spatial distribution of recharge and discharge alongthe San Pedro River
• Measure stage of the river to infer streamflow rate
• Monitor progression and duration of flows along channel reaches
Ultimately leading to a refinedwater budget of the basin