Application of RFID and SNMP Technology in Highway Electronic Toll Collection My IEEE 2010
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Application of ID and SNMP Technology in Highway Electronic Toll Collection System Huipg Huang, Shide Xiao, Xiangyin Meng Mechical Engineering Depament Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu, China e-mail: [email protected] AbstracAn ETC system based on technology uses radio wave to idenfy cars passing through the toll collecon site and automacally debits toll rate from the car owner's pre-paid account technology and its application in highway ETC system is analyzed in this paper. SNMP is a nd of protocol that has been widely used in network management system for many years. Because of its easy use and strong eansibility, SNMP is suitable for network management of ETC system. After introducing the basic knowledge of SNMP, this paper studies how to use SNMP to manage the readers and e toll collection workstaons remotely. s- Electronic ToO CoDeion (ETC) system; Radio frequen idenficaon F); Simp No Management Procol (SNMP) I. INTRODUCTION With e amount of cs in China increasing greatly in recent yes, the traffic of e highway passageways is becoming congested especially in holidays because of the low efficient manual toll collection. How to improve highway efficiency, speed up e vehicle passage, d minimize e possibility of misten and unsuccessl collection is a great pblem to be solved now. An Eleconic Toll Collection (ETC) system is just e right solution for this problem. Eleconic Toll Collection is a kind of technology at allows for eleconic paent of tolls. An ETC system c deteine whether a c has been registered in a toll payment pro, d alert the enforcers if toll paent violation occurs, d debit the corresponding account. With ETC, the driver does not have to stop the vehicle to implement toll paent [1]. Over the last decades, ETC systems have been implemented in United States d some countries, d caused a significant improvement in toll collection process. Now, wi e fast improvement of RFID technology in China, several ETC systems have been implemend for test on some highways recently in our coy. Radio equency identification (RFID) technology uses radio waves to automatically identi people or objects. Simple Network Management Protocol (SN) is a component of e Trsmission Conol Ptocolntemet Ptocol (TCP/IP) protocol suite. It is used widely in network management systems to facilita the exchange of management information between different network-attached devices. By combining RF d SN technology, is 978-1-4244-5540-9/10/$26.00 ©2010 IEEE 383 paper investigates how to apply RFID technology to set up a highway ETC system, and how to use SN protocol to manage e RFID readers d e toll collection workstations remotely. The system architecte is illusated in Fig.l. II. ApPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGY IN ETC SYSTEM RFID is abbreviation for Radio Frequency Identification. This technology uses radio waves to smit the identity of object or person wirelessly. It incoorates a small electronic chip called RF tag. Data is stored on is chip and c en be "read" by RF readers. RFID technology does not require conct or line of sight for communication [2]. As illusad in Fig.2, a basic RFID stem consists of ree components [3]: • A scanning antna (reader) • A trsceiver with a decoder to interet the da • A trsponder (g) that has been eleconically proammed with unique information The scanning tenna puts out radio-equency signals in a relatively short rge to activate the tag and to read d write data to it. When RF g passes through the electromagnetic zone, it detects the activation signal om the antenna. Then the RFID chip is wen up, d ansmits the informaon on its microchip that is to be received by the scanning tenna. When the antenna gets e data encoded in the tag's chip, it will decode the data, and then send e data to e host computer for pcessing. � Fire I. Structural diaam of ETC System based on RFID
description
SNMP
Transcript of Application of RFID and SNMP Technology in Highway Electronic Toll Collection My IEEE 2010
Application of RFID and SNMP Technology in Highway Electronic Toll Collection
System
Huiping Huang, Shide Xiao, Xiangyin Meng
Mechanical Engineering Department Southwest Jiaotong University
Chengdu, China e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract-An ETC system based on RFID technology uses radio wave to identify cars passing through the toll collection site and automatically debits toll rate from the car owner's pre-paid account RFID technology and its application in highway ETC system is analyzed in this paper. SNMP is a kind of protocol that has been widely used in network management system for many years. Because of its easy use and strong expansibility, SNMP is suitable for network management of ETC system. After introducing the basic knowledge of SNMP, this paper studies how to use SNMP to manage the RFID readers and the toll collection workstations remotely.
Keywords- Electronic ToO CoDection (ETC) system; Radio frequency identification (RFID); Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
I. INTRODUCTION
With the amount of cars in China increasing greatly in recent years, the traffic of the highway passageways is becoming congested especially in holidays because of the low efficient manual toll collection. How to improve highway efficiency, speed up the vehicle passage, and minimize the possibility of mistaken and unsuccessful collection is a great problem to be solved now. An Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system is just the right solution for this problem. Electronic Toll Collection is a kind of technology that allows for electronic payment of tolls. An ETC system can determine whether a car has been registered in a toll payment program, and alert the enforcers if toll payment violation occurs, and debit the corresponding account. With ETC, the driver does not have to stop the vehicle to implement toll payment [1]. Over the last decades, ETC systems have been implemented in United States and some countries, and caused a significant improvement in toll collection process. Now, with the fast improvement of RFID technology in China, several ETC systems have been implemented for test on some highways recently in our country.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology uses radio waves to automatically identify people or objects. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a component of the Transmission Control Protocol/Intemet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol suite. It is used widely in network management systems to facilitate the exchange of management information between different network-attached devices. By combining RFID and SNMP technology, this
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paper investigates how to apply RFID technology to set up a highway ETC system, and how to use SNMP protocol to manage the RFID readers and the toll collection workstations remotely. The system architecture is illustrated in Fig.l.
II. ApPLICATION OF RPID TECHNOLOGY IN ETC SYSTEM
RFID is an abbreviation for Radio Frequency Identification. This technology uses radio waves to transmit the identity of an object or person wirelessly. It incorporates a small electronic chip called RFID tag. Data is stored on this chip and can then be "read" by RFID readers. RFID technology does not require contact or line of sight for communication [2]. As illustrated in Fig.2, a basic RFID system consists of three components [3]:
• A scanning antenna (reader) • A transceiver with a decoder to interpret the data • A transponder (tag) that has been electronically
programmed with unique information The scanning antenna puts out radio-frequency signals in
a relatively short range to activate the tag and to read and write data to it. When an RFID tag passes through the electromagnetic zone, it detects the activation signal from the antenna. Then the RFID chip is waken up, and transmits the information on its microchip that is to be received by the scanning antenna. When the antenna gets the data encoded in the tag's chip, it will decode the data, and then send the data to the host computer for processing.
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Figure I. Structural diagram of ETC System based on RFID
D»)) ((e l l I-----� Re.der/Antenna Host Computer
Figure 2. A basic RFID system
RFID tags and readers are significant components in ETC system. As illustrated in Fig.3, when a car pa�ses through the toll collection site, the loop sensor apperceIves the car; The RFID reader sends out radio wave of questioning signal. Then, the RFID tag on car sends out radio wave of responding signal. In this way, two-way communication and data exchange happens between the reader and tag on car. Then, the RFID reader transmits the information received from the tag to the host computer system for further data-processing and storage [4, 5]. ETC automatically debits toll amount from the vehicle owner's pre-paid account.
III. USE SNMP To MANAGE THE ETC SYSTEM
A. Introduction ofSNMP The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a
component of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCPIIP) protocol suite as defmed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It is a UDP-based network protocol. As an application layer protocol, it is used widely in network management systems to facilitate the exchange of management information between different network-attached devices. It also helps the network administrators to monitor the conditions of network devices for attention.
SNMP is based on the manager/agent model. An SNMPmanaged network has four key components: an SNMP manager, managed SNMP devices, an SNMP agent, a database of management information (MIB), and the network management protocol [6].
• The SNMP manager acts as an interface between the network administrator and the management system.
• The managed SNMP device is a network node that can be any t)pe of hardware device such as computer hosts, routers, access servers, and printers that are connected to network.
• The SNMP agent is a network-management software module that resides on a managed device. It provides the interface between the manager and the physical managed device(s). It collects and stores management information received by the managed devices.
• The SNMP MIB is a collection of managed objects residing in a virtual database used to manage the devices in a communication network. The database is organized in a tree structure and entries are addressed through object identifiers (OlD).
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Recl!i\·cs Tag intorm.�ions
s.::nds infoml.",ion 10 Host Computer
Stores infOflnllliun In
Dalltbl*sl!"
Figure 3. RFID working principle in ETC system
As illustrated in Fig.4 [7], the SNMP manager and agent use a MIB and five basic commands (GET, GET -NEXT, GET-RESPONSE, SET, and TRAP) to exchange information [8]. The following Table.l is a list of these commands.
TABLE I. FNE BASIC COMMANDS OF SNMP
Command Operation The SNMP manager sends an SNMP get request to the
GET specified node in the MIB tree to obtain one or more variables from an SNMP agent. The SNMP manager sends an SNMP get next request
GET-NEXT to the next specified node in the MIB tree from an SNMPagent. The SNMP agent responds with a GET-RESPONSE
GET- message with either the information requested or an RESPONSE error indication as to why the request cannot be
processed. The SNMP manager uses the SNMP SET command to
SET set or change the value of one or more variables in an SNMPagent.
TRAP The SNMP agent sends a TRAP message to report the SNMP manager of extraordin� events.
B. Application ofSNMP in ETC system Because of its easy use and strong expansibility, SNMP
is suitable for network management of ETC system. As illustrated in Fig.5[9], SNMP agent (MIB) is running on the host computers at toll collection site. Here, the MIB stores two kinds of important information, one kind is relevant to the RFID readers, such as the software and hardware attribute data of the RFID readers. The other kind is relevant to the cars passing through toll collection site, such as car's ID and t)pe, car owner's account. SNMP manager sends out GET, GET-NEXT and SET commands to the agent in order to get and set these important data in MIB. In this way, SNMP server can manage the host computers and the RFID readers at toll collection site.
,.,
J ...... MrB
Figure 4. Communication between the SNMP manager and agent
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,:;ti:-'fJ'''>iI:.IIL'�:
I ��:r I .:--t_-tIl'T,.
7.";,,CuU:1.1iJ,,;iI_ 1:.l�:o.lJ�".,I;"t1.·�:
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Figure 5. SNMP working principle in ETC system
If the agent or RFID reader fails, agent sends out TRAP to report the manager relevant failure information. Then, the SNMP manager sends out SET command to repair or reboot the agent or reader. Besides, we can extend the information in MIB to manage more information in ETC system.
C. Implement a simple MIE example in ETC system Mib Editor tool is used for creating a vI MIB module and
v2 MIB module. One can add Scalars, Tables, Imports, and various constructs conforming to SMI standards to make it a complete Mm.
In our test, we set up a Mm tree that includes two kinds of information. One kind is relevant to the RFID readers, such as the reader temperature, voltage, frequency. The other kind is relevant to the cars passing through the toll collection site, such as car's ID and type, rate and car owner's account. By using the Mib Editor tool, we set up a MIB tree shown in Fig.6.
� Loaded MibModules
\' � ETCTestModule
\' }< dod
\' e internet
\' e private
\' e enterprises
, e rfidreader
Wt#,,'" voltage
frequency
\' e etccar
id
type
rate
account
Figure 6. A simple example of MIB tree of ETC system
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IV. CONCLUSION
RFID is a new emerging technology in ETC applications. It has been proven to be a feasible solution for many applications. This paper investigates the application of RFID technology in ETC system. The ETC system based on RFID has many advantages, such as reduction in car drivers waiting time, taster traffic without any congestion, assured and accurate toll collection, cash free, minimization of harmful emissions and so on .
SNMP protocol has been used widely in network management systems for many years. This paper investigates how to use SNMP protocol in network management of ETC system. By incorporating SNMP in ETC, the real time monitoring and management of ETC can be realized. It also helps to reduce the ETC system operation cost and enhance the traffic efficiency.
In conclusion, combining RFID and SNMP together in ETC system has practical value and bright market prospect. Through this way, we can improve highway efficiency, speed up the vehicle passage, and minimize the possibility of mistaken and unsuccessful collection.
REFERENCES
[I] Don Flint, "Electronic Toll Collection", SANS Institute, 2004,pp.l-5. [2] Ning Huansheng, Zhang Yan, "RFID and Internet of Things", Beijing,
Electronic Industry Press, 2008, pp.l8-26 (in Chinese) [3] AIM Organization, "What is RFID", 2009,
URL:http://www.aimglobaI.org/technologies/rfidiwhat is rfid.asp.
[4] Guang-xian Xu, Jian-hui Liu, Zhi-yong Tao, Xin-chun Li, "The Research and Development of the Highway's Electronic Toll Collection System", World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vo!.3I, 2007, pp.23l-235.
[5] Deltech,"RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)Technology for Electronic Toll Collection"
[6] DPS Telecom, "SNMP Tutorial Part I: An Introduction to SNMP", URL:http://www.dpstele.com/layers/12/snmp 12 tut partl.php
[7] Huang Huiping, Xiao Shide, Meng Xiangyin. "A Remote Lifting Moment Monitoring System Based on CAN-bus and SNMP", Microcomputer Information, vo!. 11, 2009, pp. 81-82, (in Chinese)
[8] Li Mingjiang, "Simple Network Management Protocol", Beijing, Electronic Industry Press, 2008. (in Chinese)
[9] Chen Fusheng, Liu Rui. "Use SNMP to Manage the Highway Electronic Toll Collection System", Highway Traffic Technology, vo!.II, 2006, pp.147-l49, (in Chinese)
