Application of GIS Techniques in Regional Hydrology
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Transcript of Application of GIS Techniques in Regional Hydrology
Application of GIS Techniques in Regional Hydrology and Watershed Planning
Chris Propp, P.Eng
CWRA March, 2011
March 9th, 2011
PRESENTATION THESIS
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools facilitate the collection, management, display and analysis of geographic information useful in regional hydrologic analysis and watershed planning
• Benefits include:– Increased Efficiency of Hydrologic Analysis
– More Comprehensive Watershed Planning Capacity
March 2, 2011GIS in Hydrology and Watershed Planning
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OUTLINE
• Hydrologic Analysis– Watershed Delineation
– Watershed Characteristics
– Hydrologic Analysis Example
– Benefits of GIS-Based Hydrologic Analysis
• Watershed Planning Project Examples• Watershed Planning Project Examples– Impact of Watershed Development
– Flood Zone Analysis
March 2, 2011GIS in Hydrology and Watershed Planning
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GIS IN HYDROLOGY AND WATERSHED PLANNING
• Hydrologic Analysis is most commonly required to estimate design flow
• GIS analysis can aid in identifying hydrologic parameters affecting runoff and design flows
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BENEFITS OF GIS-BASED HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS
• Multiple Site Studies
• Increased Efficiency for:– Catchment data collection
– Spatial analysis
– Digital image distribution & communication with regional representativesrepresentatives
• Better Understanding of Hydrologic System– Cost savings + more product for $$
March 2, 2011GIS in Hydrology and Watershed Planning
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DETAILED LAND USE DATA AVAILABLE ONLINE (MLI)
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DETAILED SOIL CLASSIFICATION DATA AVAILABLE ONLINE (MLI)
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ANALYSIS EXAMPLE
Example Site #948
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EXAMPLE AREA
Culvert site
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Catchment #
CATCHMENT TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOMETRY
L:W ratio
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CatchmentSlope = 0.22%
CATCHMENT ANALYSIS – LAND USE
Wet lands
Agriculture
Forage
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Woody Vegetation
CATCHMENT ANALYSIS – STORAGE %
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27% Wetland Storage at Mid Catchment
ANALYSIS EXAMPLE
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0.8
ANALYSIS EXAMPLE
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1.2
0.8
1.11.00.9
Lake Winnipeg
WATERSHED DELINEATION BY HEC-GEOHMS & LIDAR
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Demonstration region
WATERSHED DELINEATION BY HEC-GEOHMS & LIDAR
• Level 1 text 24pt Arial
– Level 2 bullet 20pt Arial
• Level 1 text 24pt Arial
• Level 2 bullet 20pt Arial
• Initial Grid
– Pixelizedelevation data
– Streams added for clarity
March 2, 2011Presentation Title Page 16
clarity
WATERSHED DELINEATION BY HEC-GEOHMS & LIDAR
• Fill Grid
– Stream is burned into elevation model
March 2, 2011Presentation Title Page 17
WATERSHED DELINEATION BY HEC-GEOHMS & LIDAR
• Flow Grid
– Shows direction of raindrop flow
March 2, 2011Presentation Title Page 18
WATERSHED DELINEATION BY HEC-GEOHMS & LIDAR
• Sub-catchments
– Dark shades are higher elevation than light
March 2, 2011Presentation Title Page 19
WATERSHED DELINEATION BY HEC-GEOHMS & LIDAR
March 2, 2011Presentation Title Page 20
• West FisherSub-catchments
– Manual delineation of watersheds shown for comparison
FISHER RIVER STUDY AREA GIS DATA & FIELD SURVEY
Dallas
Koostatak
Fisher River
HodgsonPeguis
348 crossings 312 culverts 34 bridges 22 fords
Lake Wpg
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Fisher Branch
PR325
FISHER RIVER BASIN
Total Area 2300 km2
Gross vs. Effective Area
North 37% Ineffective
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East 11% Ineffective
West 49% Ineffective
WATERSHED PLANNING PROJECT EXAMPLE – LAND USE
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IMPACT OF WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT
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Land Use Data -1966 – 5 classes
IMPACT OF WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT
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Land Use Data -1966 – 5 classesLand Use Data – 2002 – 16 classes
IMPACT OF WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT
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Land Use Data – 2002 – 16 classes merged to 5
IMPACT OF WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT
AECOM AnalysisAECOM
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Land Use as Five Classes
7
43
6
8
DRAINAGE NETWORK CHANGE
2006 Network -
1966 Network -Red
12
5
43
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2006 Network -Blue
1966 - No main stem network defined
IMPACTS OF LAND USE AND DRAINAGE CHANGE –FLOW & LEVEL INCREASE
Q: 27%WL: 0.08m (3 in)
Q: 5%WL: 0.03m (1 in)
Q: 6%WL: 0.05m (2 in)
Q: 3%WL: 0.03m (1 in)
Q: 1%WL: 0.0m
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Q: 12%WL: 0.5m (19 in)
Q: 595%WL: 0.6m (22 in)
Q: 8%WL: 0.09m (4 in)
Q: 7%WL: 0.08m (3 in)
WL: 0.03m (1 in)
100yr Flood Map with 2006
Flood
Modelled water levels overlain with detailed LiDAR
topography
100 Yr Flood
2006 Flood
GIS IN WATERSHED PLANNING – FLOOD ZONE ANALYSIS
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topography
Fisher River 1979 (123cms) Flood Damage Claims Map
MIKE11 Fisher River 100Year Flooded Area Map
GIS IN WATERSHED PLANNING – FLOOD ZONE ANALYSIS
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Fisher River Dike Option GIS used to identify affected homes
GIS IN WATERSHED PLANNING – FLOOD ZONE ANALYSIS
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Alternative Diversion Routes
Eagle Nest Drain
GIS IN WATERSHED PLANNING – FLOOD ZONE ANALYSIS
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GIS IN WATERSHED PLANNING – FLOOD ZONE ANALYSIS
Alternate Diversion RouteLiDAR Section cut through the Eagle
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through the Eagle Nest Drain surface
GIS IN WATERSHED PLANNING – FLOOD ZONE ANALYSIS
100yr Flood Map with Diversion Option
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HYDRAULIC LEVEL OF SERVICE ANALYSIS
Culverts Green dotsBridge Blue Triangles
Culvert & Bridge Level of Service Analysis - 2 Yr flow
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HYDRAULIC LEVEL OF SERVICE ANALYSIS
Culvert & Bridge Level of Service Analysis - 5 Yr flow
Culverts Green dotsBridge Blue Triangles
Culverts HL > 0.21m Yellow dots
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HYDRAULIC LEVEL OF SERVICE ANALYSIS
Culverts Green dotsBridge Blue Triangles
Culverts HL > 0.21m Yellow dots
Culvert & Bridge Level of Service Analysis - 10Yr flow
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FLOOD ZONE ANALYSIS – EXAMPLE 2
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Local Flood History
FLOOD ZONE ANALYSIS – EXAMPLE 2
Existing Condition – 10 Year Flooded Area
Blue shows 10 Year Flooding under existing conditions
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FLOOD ZONE ANALYSIS – EXAMPLE 2
10 Year Flooded Area – with Fourth Creek Diversion
Green shows flooded area after diversion
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Blue shows reduction in 10 Yr Flooding, or the benefit of mitigation
WATERSHED PLANNING – DFO STREAM CLASSIFICATION
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CONCLUSION
GIS-Based Hydrology and Watershed Planning
• Multiple site studies
• Aids catchment data collection and spatial analysis
• Provides empirical justification of hydrologic analysis assumptions
• Infrastructure inventory management
• Bird’s eye view of watershed system
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• Bird’s eye view of watershed system– Impact of development
– Analysis of flood zone mitigation
• Graphical representation provides for effective communication with clients and stakeholders
Thank You
Questions?