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![Page 1: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India
G.AreendranWWF-India
Society for conservation GIS10th Annual International Conference,Monterey,California,2007.
![Page 2: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• The Eastern Ghats form a broken chain of mountainous terrain spreading in the states of Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and two districts of Karnataka.
• Location- 11 ° 30 ‘ - 22° N latitude and 76 ° 50 ‘ - 86 ° 30 E longitude.
• Area 75,000 sq.kms of forested area with an average width of about 100-150 km.
• Maximum Altitude recorded at 1762 metres.Average elevation is 750 metres.
![Page 3: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
STUDY AREA
• The present study area is located between 7831’E- 8016'9"E and 1451'N –1055N
• Assemblage of discontinuous hill ranges, plateaus and escarpments.
• The entire Eastern Ghats constitutes major water sheds of many big rivers.
• The scope of the present study is restricted to stretches of the middle eastern Ghats and the southern eastern ghats mountains
![Page 4: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Topography & Climate
• Geologically the Eastern Ghats present a rocky landscape, with quartzite rocks
• Average temperatures range from 20-35 ° C and can go upto 45 °C during the summer months ( April –June)
• Mean annual rainfall ranges from 60-105 cms exhibiting a semi arid climate
![Page 5: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Objective of the study
• To prepare various thematic maps of the study area using Geographic Information techniques
• Map the existing vegetation of the region with a focus on forest community, using remote sensing techniques
• To study land use patterns in and around the natural forest patches.
• To detect changes in the forest cover.
![Page 6: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Methodology
GIS AnalysisScanning • Toposheets, • Paper mapsDigitization of layers • Administrative boundaries (Districts,taluk)• Transport network, (Rail, Roads)• Drainage,waterbodies,• Contours (DEM, Slope, Aspects)• Settlement locations, (Towns,villages)• Global positioning system data
Software used- Arcview 3.3, Arc-info ArcGIS9.1
![Page 8: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Methodology
Remote sensing analysisData used
• Land sat TM,(1990) Indian Remote sensing satellite LISS III, (2003)
Techniques• Image enchancement • Radiometric correction• Georeferencing• Supervised classification• Un-supervised classification• Masking• Accuracy assessment• Forest cover change detection
Software used- Erdas imagine 8.7
![Page 9: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Methodology
Field survey
• Reconnaissance survey
• Pre-classification ground verification of various class based on the un-supervised classification
• GPS reading for different signature/class
• Post-classification ground verification for various vegetation and land use class
• Collection of photographic evidence for various vegetation classes
![Page 10: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Results
Broadly the vegetation types of Eastern ghats are
• Tropical evergreen forests
• Tropical dry deciduous forests
• Southern Mixed dry deciduous forests
• Scrub forests
• Tropical dry evergreen forests
![Page 11: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Land use/Land cover
Dry Evergreen Forest
Dry Deciduous Forest
Mixed Dry Deciduous Forest
Thorn Forest
Scrub
Water Bodies
Sandy Bed
Open/Barren/Rocky Exposure/Cloud
Plantation
Waste Land
Settlement
Salt Pan
Shadow
Mangrove
Agriculture
Fallow Land
Total
Area in sq.kms Percentage
2482.52 1.61
14967.61 9.72
18514.09 12.03
11130.89 7.23
14040.11 9.12
2273.25 1.48
705.83 0.46
19580.03 12.72
543.13 0.35
1785.01 1.16
801.71 0.52
22.14 0.01
104.42 0.07
63.80 0.04
43416.89 28.20
23419.10 15.21
153934.29 100
Results
![Page 12: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Forest cover of TamilNadu
Area in Sqkm
• Dry evergreen-1318
• Dry deciduous-12069
• Mixed dry deciduous-13553
• Thorn forest-6198
![Page 13: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Forest cover of Andhra Pradesh
Area in Sqkm
• Dry evergreen-1164
• Dry deciduous-2898
• Mixed dry deciduous-4961
• Thorn forest-4932
![Page 14: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Forest cover of Southern eastern ghats
Area in Sqkm
• Dry evergreen-2482
• Dry deciduous-14967
• Mixed dry deciduous-18514
• Thorn forest-11130
![Page 15: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Forest cover change detection map
Area in Sqkm
• Dry evergreen-384
• Dry deciduous-538
• Mixed dry deciduous-1374
• Thorn forest-587
![Page 16: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Andhra Pradesh forest cover change
Area in Sqkm
• Dry evergreen-986
• Dry deciduous-2620
• Mixed dry deciduous4230-
• Thorn forest-4811
![Page 17: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Tamil Nadu forest cover change
Area in Sqkm
• Dry evergreen-1112
• Dry deciduous-11809
• Mixed dry deciduous-12910
• Thorn forest-5732
![Page 18: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Percentage of forest loss
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Dry evergreen Dry Deciduous Mixed deciduous Thorn
Forest types
Per
cen
tag
e
AP
TN
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Thematic layers
![Page 20: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Thematic layers
![Page 21: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Thematic layers
![Page 22: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Increasing forest loss and habitat fragmentation is serious threat to biodiversity of the landscape.
• Native population of several flora and fauna is declining due to habitat degradation
• Detailed mapping of the fragmented forest patch is required to understand their nature
• Important corridors for mammals such as the Tiger and Elephant are highly threatened.
• Using satellite-based tools, regular monitoring of forest cover is suggested, which can provide valuable inputs for decision makers.
Conclusions
![Page 23: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Dry Deciduous
![Page 24: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Mixed dry deciduous
![Page 25: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Thorn forest
![Page 26: Application of GIS and Remote sensing technique to assess the status of forest types of the Southern Eastern Ghats, India G.Areendran WWF-India Society.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d5ca550346b0478b5204/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Acknowledgement
• Tamil Nadu Forest Department
• Andhra Pradesh Forest Department
• Public Affairs office, U.S. Embassy, New Delhi
• Worldwide Fund For Nature-India
• Society For Conservation GIS
• Environmental System Research Institute