Apples to Oranges

Comparative Techniques Utilized by Authors and Poets

Today…

1. Sit with a partner2. Determine who is the youngest and who is

the oldest

Simile

• A figure of speech, a kind of trope• Comparing two distinct things using like or as• Singular: simile• Plural: similes • Example: “you fit into me” page 900• Youngest partner: The effect of this simile is…

Metaphor

• A figure of speech, a kind of trope• Comparing two distinct things without using

like or as• Extended metaphor…one metaphor that

controls a large part or entire piece of the text• Example: “chess” page 903• Oldest partner: Castellanos creates this

metaphor to…

Personification

• A figure of speech, a kind of trope• Noun• Verb: personify (personifies)• Giving human characteristics to nonhuman

things • Example: page 906 The Marriage of Heaven

and Hell

Remember…not just what, but WHY?

• With your partner:– Read “How Poetry Comes to Me” page 908– Answer question 1 in your journals

• Independently:– Read the “sample student response” on page 908– Notice how the author explains the what and why

of literary devices

Apostrophe

• A figure of speech• An address either to an audience who is

unresponsive:– Someone who is absent and cannot hear– Something that cannot comprehend

• Provides an opportunity to think aloud• Example: “To a Wasp” page 906• Youngest partner: Moore utilizes an apostrophe

to create the effect of…

Practice (Independent)

• “Mirror” page 912• Read and analyze• Answer questions #1-4 in your journal

Metonymy

• A figure of speech, a kind of trope• Using something closely associated with a

subject to take its place• “She preferred the silver screen to reading.”• “I pledge allegiance to the flag”

Synecdoche

• A figure of speech, a kind of trope• Using part of something to signify the whole

(less typically the whole representing a part)• “wagging tongue” = gossip• “behind bars” = prison• “wheels” = car

Metonymy and Synecdoche

• Example: “The Hand that Signed the Paper” page 905

• “hand” = powerful ruler (synecdoche) • “goose’s quill” = power associated with ruler’s

hand (metonymy) • Oldest partner: Thomas employs both

metonymy and synecdoche to…

Analogy

• Seen on AP tests, though more common for AP Lang because it’s more commonly related to non-fiction texts

• Similarity in some respects between things that are otherwise dissimilar.– A comparison based on such similarity.

• A form of logical inference or an instance of it, based on the assumption that if two things are known to be alike in some respects, then they must be alike in other respects.

Heads up…

• Boundaries among devices are blurred • Categories blend together (personification is a

kind of metaphor) • Always about the effect! (analysis not

identification)• Pay careful attention to devices as you read

and annotate poetry

XC Option

• Read “Figuring out Metaphors” on page 921• Complete #1 • Due by Spring Break

Practice and Apply

Analysis• “After great pain, a formal feeling

comes” page 1091• List the similes• List places where she employs

personification• List metaphors• Write a paragraph in which you

analyze the speaker’s attitude towards pain, and how Dickinson utilizes literary devices to convey such an attitude – Your paragraph should have textual

evidence!

Study Prep1. Create flashcards for each of

these termsa. Some are done; you can add

to them or just check them off your list

b. Some of them are on your list but not flashcards yet; make flashcards and check them off your list

c. Some of them are new; add them to your list, make flashcards, and check them off your list