Appendix - ASMEebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/pdfaccess.ashx?url=/data/... · 460 Appendix A...
28
459 APPENDIX A
Transcript of Appendix - ASMEebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/pdfaccess.ashx?url=/data/... · 460 Appendix A...
459
Appendix A
Job Name: -- /311975t
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/pdfaccess.ashx?url=/data/books/802854/ on 05/27/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
460 Appendix AS
TA
ND
AR
D N
OM
INA
L P
IPE
WA
LL
TH
ICK
NE
SS
(IN
CH
ES
; 1
IN.
= 2
5.4
MM
)
Sch
edu
le N
o.
----
---
1020
3040
6080
100
120
140
160
ST
DX
SX
XS
Siz
e (i
n.)
OD
(i
n.)
5S10
S40
S80
S
0.50
0.84
00.
083
-1.0
0-1
.00
0.10
9-1
.00
0.14
7-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
0.18
70.
065
0.08
30.
109
0.14
70.
294
0.75
1.05
00.
083
-1.0
0-1
.00
0.11
3-1
.00
0.15
4-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
0.21
80.
065
0.08
30.
113
0.15
40.
308
1.00
1.31
50.
109
-1.0
0-1
.00
0.13
3-1
.00
0.17
9-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
0.25
00.
065
0.10
90.
133
0.17
90.
358
1.25
1.66
00.
109
-1.0
0-1
.00
0.14
0-1
.00
0.19
1-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
0.25
00.
065
0.10
90.
140
0.19
10.
382
1.50
1.90
00.
109
-1.0
0-1
.00
0.14
5-1
.00
0.20
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
0.28
10.
065
0.10
90.
145
0.20
00.
400
2.00
2.37
50.
109
-1.0
0-1
.00
0.15
4-1
.00
0.21
8-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
0.34
30.
065
0.10
90.
154
0.21
80.
436
2.50
2.87
50.
120
-1.0
0-1
.00
0.20
3-1
.00
0.27
6-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
0.37
50.
083
0.12
00.
203
0.27
60.
552
3.00
3.50
00.
120
-1.0
0-1
.00
0.21
6-1
.00
0.30
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
0.43
70.
083
0.12
00.
216
0.30
00.
600
3.50
4.00
00.
120
-1.0
0-1
.00
0.22
6-1
.00
0.31
8-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
00.
083
0.12
00.
226
0.31
80.
636
4.00
4.50
00.
120
-1.0
0-1
.00
0.23
7-1
.00
0.33
7-1
.00
0.43
7-1
.00
0.53
10.
083
0.12
00.
237
0.33
70.
674
5.00
5.56
30.
131
-1.0
0-1
.00
0.25
8-1
.00
0.37
5-1
.00
0.50
0-1
.00
0.62
50.
109
0.13
40.
258
0.37
50.
750
6.00
6.62
50.
134
-1.0
0-1
.00
0.28
0-1
.00
0.43
2-1
.00
0.56
2-1
.00
0.71
80.
109
0.13
40.
280
0.43
20.
864
8.00
8.62
50.
148
0.25
00.
277
0.32
20.
406
0.50
00.
593
0.71
80.
812
0.90
60.
109
0.14
80.
322
0.50
00.
875
10.0
010
.75
0.16
50.
250
0.30
70.
365
0.50
00.
593
0.71
80.
843
1.00
01.
125
0.13
40.
165
0.36
50.
500
-1.0
012
.00
12.7
50.
180
0.25
00.
330
0.40
60.
562
0.68
70.
843
1.00
01.
125
1.31
20.
156
0.18
00.
375
0.50
0-1
.00
14.0
014
.00
0.25
00.
312
0.37
50.
437
0.59
30.
750
0.93
71.
093
1.25
01.
406
0.15
60.
188
0.37
50.
500
-1.0
016
.00
16.0
00.
250
0.31
20.
375
0.50
00.
656
0.84
31.
031
1.21
81.
437
1.59
30.
165
0.18
80.
375
0.50
0-1
.00
18.0
018
.00
0.25
00.
312
0.43
70.
562
0.75
00.
937
1.15
61.
375
1.56
21.
781
0.16
50.
188
0.37
50.
500
-1.0
020
.00
20.0
00.
250
0.37
50.
500
0.59
30.
812
1.03
11.
281
1.50
01.
750
1.96
80.
188
0.21
80.
375
0.50
0-1
.00
22.0
022
.00
0.25
00.
375
0.50
00.
656
0.87
51.
125
1.37
51.
625
1.87
52.
125
0.18
80.
218
0.37
50.
500
-1.0
0
24.0
024
.00
0.25
00.
375
0.56
20.
688
0.96
91.
218
1.53
11.
812
2.06
22.
344
0.21
80.
250
0.37
50.
500
-1.0
026
.00
26.0
00.
312
0.50
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
00.
375
0.50
0-1
.00
28.0
028
.00
0.31
20.
500
0.62
5-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
0.37
50.
500
-1.0
030
.00
30.0
00.
312
0.50
00.
625
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
00.
250
0.31
20.
375
0.50
0-1
.00
32.0
032
.00
0.31
20.
500
0.62
50.
688
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
0.37
50.
500
-1.0
0
34.0
034
.00
0.31
20.
500
0.62
50.
688
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
0.37
50.
500
-1.0
036
.00
36.0
00.
312
0.50
00.
625
0.75
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
00.
375
0.50
0-1
.00
42.0
042
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
-1.0
0-1
.00
0.37
50.
500
-1.0
0
No
te: –
1.00
mea
ns n
ot
avai
lab
le.
Job Name: -- /311975t
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/pdfaccess.ashx?url=/data/books/802854/ on 05/27/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
461
All dimensions in inches (1 in. = 25.4 mm)
Pipe size
Pipe O.D.
90°Elbow 45°Elbow Tee, full size Reducer Cap
Long R. A
Short R. A B C M D E
1/2 0.840 1 1/25/8 1 1 1
3/4 1.050 1 1/87/16 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/2 1 1/4
1 1.315 1 1/2 1 7/8 1 1/2 1 1/2 2 1 1/2
1 1/4 1.660 1 7/8 1 1/4 1 1 7/8 1 7/8 2 1 1/2
1 1/2 1.900 2 1/4 1 1/2 1 1/8 2 1/4 2 1/4 2 1/2 1 1/2
2 2.375 3 2 1 3/8 2 1/2 2 1/2 3 1 1/2
2 1/2 2.875 3 3/4 2 1/2 1 3/4 3 3 3 1/2 1 1/2
3 3.500 4 1/2 3 2 3 3/8 3 3/8 3 1/2 23 1/2 4.000 5 1/4 3 1/2 2 1/4 3 3/4 3 3/4 4 2 1/2
4 4.500 6 4 2 1/2 4 1/8 4 1/8 4 2 1/2
5 5.563 7 1/2 5 3 1/8 4 7/8 4 7/8 5 36 6.625 9 6 3 3/4 5 5/8 5 5/8 5 1/2 3 1/2
8 8.625 12 8 5 7 7 6 410 10.750 15 10 6 1/4 8 1/2 8 1/2 7 512 12.750 18 12 7 1/2 10 10 8 614 14 21 14 8 3/4 11 11 13 6 1/2
16 16 24 16 10 12 12 14 718 18 27 18 11 1/4 13 1/2 13 1/2 15 820 20 30 20 12 1/2 15 15 20 922 22 33 22 13 1/2 16 1/2 16 1/2 20 1024 24 36 24 15 17 17 20 10 1/2
26 26 39 26 16 19 1/2 19 1/2 24 10 1/2
28 28 42 28 17 1/2 20 1/2 20 1/2 24 10 1/2
30 30 45 30 18 1/2 22 22 24 10 1/2
32 32 48 32 20 23 1/2 23 1/2 24 10 1/2
34 34 51 34 21 25 25 24 10 1/2
36 36 54 36 22 1/4 26 1/2 26 1/2 24 10 1/2
42 42 63 48 26 24 12
Dimension of butt-welDing fittings
A
90° Elbow
B
B R
45° Elbow
C
M
Tee
D Reducer
E
Cap
Appendix B
Job Name: -- /311975t
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/pdfaccess.ashx?url=/data/books/802854/ on 05/27/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
462
Appendix C
Job Name: -- /311975t
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/pdfaccess.ashx?url=/data/books/802854/ on 05/27/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
Appendix C 463
Th
er
ma
l e
xp
an
sio
n r
aT
e –
fr
om
am
bie
nT
(70
°f)
To
Te
mp
er
aT
ur
e, (
in./1
00 f
T)
(1 in
./100
fT
= 0
.833
mm
/m)
Tem
per
atu
re (°f
)
ma
Tl
−325
−200
−100
7020
030
040
050
060
070
080
090
010
0011
0012
0013
0014
0015
00
CS
−2.3
7−1
.71
−1.1
50.
000.
991.
822.
703.
624.
605.
636.
707.
818.
8910
.04
****
****
****
****
HS
−2.3
7−1
.71
−1.1
50.
000.
991.
822.
703.
624.
605.
636.
707.
818.
8910
.04
11.1
0**
****
****
**C
M−2
.37
−1.7
1−1
.15
0.00
0.99
1.82
2.70
3.62
4.60
5.63
6.70
7.81
8.89
10.0
411
.10
****
****
****
LC−2
.37
−1.7
1−1
.15
0.00
0.99
1.82
2.70
3.62
4.60
5.63
6.70
7.81
8.89
10.0
411
.10
12.2
213
.34
****
IC−2
.22
−1.6
2−1
.08
0.00
0.94
1.71
2.50
3.35
4.24
5.14
6.10
7.07
8.06
9.05
10.0
011
.06
12.0
5**
**H
C−2
.04
−1.4
6−0
.98
0.00
0.86
1.56
2.30
3.08
3.90
4.73
5.60
6.49
7.40
8.31
9.2
0**
****
****
**S
S−3
.85
−2.7
3−1
.75
0.00
1.46
2.61
3.80
5.01
6.12
7.50
8.80
10.1
211
.48
12.8
414
.20
15.5
616
.92
18.4
73T
−3.6
1−2
.56
−1.6
40.
001.
372.
453.
534.
615.
696.
777.
859.
0510
.25
11.4
512
.77
14.0
915
.29
16.4
9
MO
−2.6
2−2
.02
−1.3
90.
001.
222.
213.
254.
335.
466.
647.
859.
1210
.42
11.7
713
.15
****
****
****
NS
−2.2
5−1
.76
−1.1
70.
001.
011.
842.
693.
584.
505.
466.
437.
438.
41**
****
****
****
****
**A
L−4
.68
−3.4
4−2
.27
0.00
2.00
3.67
5.39
7.17
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
CI
****
****
****
0.00
0.90
1.64
2.42
3.24
4.11
5.03
5.98
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
BZ
−3.9
8−2
.78
−1.8
10.
001.
562.
794.
055.
336.
647.
95**
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
**B
S−3
.88
−2.7
0−1
.76
0.00
1.52
2.76
4.05
5.40
6.80
8.26
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
CN
−3.1
5−2
.19
−1.5
30.
001.
332.
403.
52**
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
**N
C−3
.25
−2.3
0−1
.48
0.00
1.23
2.30
3.48
4.59
5.72
6.88
8.06
9.26
10.4
911
.74
13.0
214
.39
15.8
017
.25
No
te: *
***
mea
ns d
ata
not
avai
lab
le. (
Che
ck t
he c
od
e b
oo
k fo
r th
e m
ost
up
dat
ed v
alue
s.)
MAT
L:C
S, l
ow
car
bo
n st
eel;
HS
, hig
h ca
rbo
n st
eel;
C
M, c
arb
on-
mo
ly s
teel
;LC
, lo
w c
hro
me
stee
lIC
, int
erm
edia
te c
hro
me;
H
C, h
igh
chro
me
stee
l; S
S, a
uste
ntic
sta
inle
ss s
teel
;3T
, 310
SS
ste
elM
O, m
one
l; N
S, 3
.5%
nic
kel s
teel
;A
L, a
lum
inum
;C
I, ca
st ir
on
BZ
, bro
nze;
B
S, b
rass
; C
N, c
op
per
nic
kel;
NC
, nic
kel i
ron
chro
me
Job Name: -- /311975t
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/pdfaccess.ashx?url=/data/books/802854/ on 05/27/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
464
Appendix d
Job Name: -- /311975t
Downloaded From: http://ebooks.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/pdfaccess.ashx?url=/data/books/802854/ on 05/27/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use
Appendix D 465
Mo
du
lu
s o
f e
la
st
icit
y (
1.e
6 p
si)
No
te
: 1
ps
i = 6
.895
kp
a)
tem
per
atu
re (
°f)
Ma
tl
–325
–200
–100
7020
030
040
050
060
070
080
090
010
0011
0012
0013
0014
0015
00C
S31
.430
.830
.229
.528
.828
.327
.727
.326
.725
.524
.222
.420
.418
.0**
****
****
****
**H
S31
.230
.630
.029
.328
.628
.127
.527
.126
.525
.324
.022
.320
.217
.915
.4**
****
****
**C
M31
.130
.529
.929
.228
.528
.027
.427
.026
.425
.323
.922
.220
.117
.815
.3**
****
****
**LC
31.6
31.0
30.4
29.7
29.0
28.5
27.9
27.5
26.9
26.3
25.5
24.8
23.9
23.0
21.8
20.5
18.9
****
IC32
.932
.331
.730
.930
.129
.729
.028
.628
.027
.326
.124
.722
.720
.418
.215
.512
.7**
**H
C31
.230
.730
.129
.228
.527
.927
.326
.726
.125
.624
.722
.221
.519
.116
.6**
****
****
**S
S30
.329
.729
.128
.327
.627
.026
.525
.825
.324
.824
.123
.522
.822
.121
.220
.219
.218
.13T
30.3
29.7
29.1
28.3
27.6
27.0
26.5
25.8
25.3
24.8
24.1
23.5
22.8
22.1
21.2
20.2
19.2
18.1
MO
27.8
27.3
26.8
26.0
25.4
25.0
24.7
24.3
24.1
23.7
23.1
22.6
22.1
21.7
21.2
****
****
****
NS
29.6
29.1
28.5
27.8
27.1
26.7
26.1
25.7
25.2
24.6
23.9
23.2
22.4
****
****
****
****
****
AL
11.3
10.9
10.7
10.2
9.7
9.4
8.9
8.3
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
CI
****
****
****
13.4
13.2
12.9
12.6
12.2
11.7
11.0
10.2
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
BZ
14.8
14.6
14.4
14.0
13.7
13.4
13.2
12.9
12.5
12.0
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
BS
15.9
15.6
15.4
15.0
14.6
14.4
14.1
13.8
13.4
12.8
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
CN
23.3
22.9
22.7
22.0
21.5
21.1
20.7
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
****
NC
30.5
29.9
29.4
28.5
27.8
27.4
27.1
26.6
26.4
25.9
25.4
24.8
24.2
23.8
23.2
22.6
22.0
21.4
No
te:
***
*m
eans
dat
ano
tav
aila
ble
.(C
heck
the
co
de
bo
ok
for
the
mo
stu
pd
ated
val
ues.
)M
ATL:
CS
–
low
car
bo
nst
eel;
HS
–h
igh
carb
on
stee
l;
CM
–c
arb
on-
mo
lys
teel
;LC
–lo
wc
hro
me
stee
lIC
–
inte
rmed
iate
chr
om
e;
HC
–h
igh
chro
me
stee
l;S
S
–au
sten
tics
tain
less
ste
el;
3T
–31
0S
Ss
teel
MO
–m
one
l;N
S–
3.5
%n
icke
lste
el;
AL
–al
umin
um;
CI
–ca
stir
on
BZ
–
bro
nze;
B
S–
bra
ss;
CN
–c
op
per
nic
kel;
NC
–n
icke
liro
nch
rom
e
Job Name: -- /311975t
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466
Appendix e
Job Name: -- /311975t
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Appendix E 467
ValVe and flange data
ClaSS — 150
(a) WeIgHt (lb) - *Warning: Valve weight varies greatly from vendor to vendor*
SIZe (in.) Od (in.) BlIn Wnf SlPn laPJ fgtV gtV fglV glV fCKV CKV
0.50 0.840 1 2 1 1 5 3 5 3 5 30.75 1.050 2 2 2 2 8 6 8 6 7 51.00 1.315 3 2 3 3 14 14 14 14 16 161.25 1.660 3 3 3 3 18 18 18 18 20 201.50 1.900 4 4 4 4 27 27 25 25 30 302.00 2.375 5 6 6 6 45 42 49 37 32 252.50 2.875 9 9 9 9 64 54 66 53 53 403.00 3.500 10 11 9 9 74 63 88 74 61 453.50 4.000 15 14 13 13 90 75 110 95 90 754.00 4.500 19 17 15 15 109 93 138 121 124 1065.00 5.563 23 22 18 18 155 140 190 155 140 1206.00 6.625 29 27 22 22 185 171 248 221 223 1888.00 8.625 48 42 33 33 310 267 425 386 360 323
10.00 10.750 78 60 51 51 473 430 650 580 500 42912.00 12.750 118 88 72 72 675 613 1,120 1,010 748 63714.00 14.000 142 113 96 110 1,030 960 1,525 1,360 1,155 96416.00 16.000 185 142 108 143 1,368 1,348 2,025 1,910 1,600 1,40018.00 18.000 229 160 140 166 1,775 1,788 -1 -1 2,080 1,80020.00 20.000 298 196 181 211 2,138 2,108 -1 -1 2,460 2,10022.00 22.000 372 246 213 253 2,664 2,551 -1 -1 3,000 2,60024.00 24.000 446 295 245 295 3,190 2,993 -1 -1 3,500 3,000
(B) lengtH (in.)
SIZe (in.) Od (in.) BlIn Wnf SlPn laPJ fgtV gtV fglV glV fCKV CKV
0.50 0.840 0.44 1.88 0.62 0.62 4.25 4.25 4.25 4.25 4.25 4.250.75 1.050 0.50 2.06 0.62 0.62 4.63 4.63 4.63 4.63 4.63 4.631.00 1.315 0.56 2.19 0.69 0.69 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.001.25 1.660 0.62 2.25 0.81 0.81 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.501.50 1.900 0.69 2.44 0.88 0.88 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.502.00 2.375 0.75 2.50 1.00 1.00 7.00 8.50 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.002.50 2.875 0.88 2.75 1.12 1.12 7.50 9.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.503.00 3.500 0.94 2.75 1.19 1.19 8.00 11.13 9.50 9.50 9.50 9.503.50 4.000 0.94 2.81 1.25 1.25 8.50 11.50 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.004.00 4.500 0.94 3.00 1.31 1.31 9.00 12.00 11.50 11.50 11.50 11.505.00 5.563 0.94 3.50 1.44 1.44 10.00 15.00 14.00 14.00 13.00 13.006.00 6.625 1.00 3.50 1.56 1.56 10.50 15.90 16.00 16.00 14.00 14.00 8.00 8.625 1.13 4.00 1.75 1.75 11.50 16.50 19.50 19.50 19.50 19.5010.00 10.750 1.19 4.00 1.94 1.94 13.00 18.00 24.50 24.50 24.50 24.5012.00 12.750 1.25 4.50 2.19 2.19 14.00 19.80 27.50 27.50 27.50 27.5014.00 14.000 1.38 5.00 2.25 3.12 15.00 22.50 31.00 31.00 31.00 31.0016.00 16.000 1.44 5.00 2.50 3.44 16.00 24.00 36.00 36.00 34.00 34.0018.00 18.000 1.56 5.50 2.69 3.81 17.00 26.00 -1.00 -1.00 38.50 38.5020.00 20.000 1.69 5.69 2.88 4.06 18.00 28.00 -1.00 -1.00 38.50 38.5022.00 22.000 1.81 5.75 3.13 4.22 19.00 30.00 -1.00 -1.00 42.00 42.0024.00 24.000 1.88 6.00 3.25 4.38 20.00 32.00 -1.00 -1.00 51.00 51.00
Job Name: -- /311975t
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468 Appendix E
ValVe and flange data (CONTINUED )
ClaSS — 300
(a) WeIgHt (lb) - *Warning: Valve weight varies greatly from vendor to vendor*
SIZe (in.) Od (in.) BlIn Wnf SlPn laPJ fgtV gtV fglV glV fCKV CKV
0.50 0.840 3 3 3 3 9 6 7 5 6 40.75 1.050 4 4 4 4 14 7 11 6 10 51.00 1.315 5 5 4 4 19 19 25 19 20 191.25 1.660 7 7 5 5 27 27 35 24 29 261.50 1.900 9 9 8 8 34 34 45 28 38 332.00 2.375 10 10 9 9 74 49 79 67 56 462.50 2.875 16 14 14 14 95 80 105 87 85 613.00 3.500 20 19 17 17 108 85 137 108 109 843.50 4.000 25 22 21 21 140 105 175 145 145 1104.00 4.500 31 29 26 26 165 120 217 177 175 1345.00 5.563 39 36 32 32 285 225 300 260 250 1956.00 6.625 56 48 45 45 407 328 395 346 314 2558.00 8.625 90 76 67 67 648 410 690 605 561 452
10.00 10.750 146 110 100 110 760 780 1,031 910 704 60012.00 12.750 209 163 140 164 1,020 890 1,730 1,403 1,125 84314.00 14.000 267 217 195 220 1,898 1,595 -1 -1 1,700 1,44016.00 16.000 349 288 262 282 2,583 2,108 -1 -1 2,320 1,90018.00 18.000 440 355 331 335 3,393 2,868 -1 -1 3,050 2,58020.00 20.000 545 431 378 428 4,060 3,535 -1 -1 3,650 3,18022.00 22.000 693 532 478 523 5,232 4,058 -1 -1 4,700 3,65024.00 24.000 841 632 577 617 6,405 4,580 -1 -1 5,760 4,120
(B) lengtH (in.)
SIZe (in.) Od (in.) BlIn Wnf SlPn laPJ fgtV gtV fglV glV fCKV CKV
0.50 0.840 0.56 2.06 0.88 0.88 5.50 5.50 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.000.75 1.050 0.62 2.25 1.00 1.00 6.00 6.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.001.00 1.315 0.69 2.44 1.06 1.06 6.50 6.50 8.00 8.00 8.50 8.501.25 1.660 0.75 2.56 1.06 1.06 7.00 7.00 8.50 8.50 9.00 9.00
1.50 1.900 0.81 2.69 1.19 1.19 7.50 7.50 9.00 9.00 9.50 9.502.00 2.375 0.88 2.75 1.31 1.31 8.50 8.50 10.50 10.50 10.50 10.502.50 2.875 1.00 3.00 1.50 1.50 9.50 9.50 11.50 11.50 11.50 11.503.50 4.000 1.19 3.19 1.75 1.75 11.50 11.50 13.25 13.25 13.25 13.254.00 4.500 1.25 3.38 1.88 1.88 12.00 12.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.005.00 5.563 1.38 3.88 2.00 2.00 15.00 15.00 14.75 14.75 15.75 15.756.00 6.625 1.44 3.88 2.06 2.06 15.90 15.90 17.50 17.50 17.50 17.508.00 8.625 1.63 4.38 2.44 2.44 16.50 16.50 22.00 22.00 21.00 21.00
10.00 10.750 1.88 4.62 2.62 3.75 18.00 18.00 24.50 24.50 24.50 24.5012.00 12.750 2.00 5.12 2.88 4.00 19.80 19.80 28.00 28.00 28.00 28.0014.00 14.000 2.12 5.62 3.00 4.38 30.00 30.00 -1.00 -1.00 33.00 33.0016.00 16.000 2.25 5.75 3.25 4.75 33.00 33.00 -1.00 -1.00 34.00 34.0018.00 18.000 2.38 6.25 3.50 5.12 36.00 36.00 -1.00 -1.00 38.50 38.5020.00 20.000 2.50 6.38 3.75 5.50 39.00 39.00 -1.00 -1.00 40.00 40.0022.00 22.000 2.63 6.50 3.97 5.75 43.00 43.00 -1.00 -1.00 44.00 44.0024.00 24.000 2.75 6.62 4.19 6.00 45.00 45.00 -1.00 -1.00 53.00 53.00
Job Name: -- /311975t
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Appendix E 469
ValVe and flange data (CONTINUED )
ClaSS — 400
(a) WeIgHt (lb) - *Warning: Valve weight varies greatly from vendor to vendor*
SIZe (in.) Od (in.) BlIn Wnf SlPn laPJ fgtV gtV fglV glV fCKV CKV
0.50 0.840 4 4 4 4 12 6 12 6 10 40.75 1.050 5 6 5 5 16 8 16 8 13 51.00 1.315 5 7 5 5 38 30 38 30 27 191.25 1.660 7 8 7 7 56 45 56 45 40 291.50 1.900 10 12 9 9 74 60 74 60 52 392.00 2.375 12 13 11 11 92 75 92 75 65 492.50 2.875 19 20 17 17 152 126 152 126 107 823.00 3.500 24 27 20 19 180 150 180 150 127 973.50 4.000 35 32 27 27 226 185 226 185 161 1204.00 4.500 39 41 32 31 263 215 263 215 188 1405.00 5.563 50 49 37 37 386 330 386 330 270 2146.00 6.625 71 67 54 52 541 460 541 460 380 2998.00 8.625 115 104 82 79 923 800 923 800 643 520
10.00 10.750 181 152 117 138 1,236 1,060 1,236 1,060 864 68912.00 12.750 261 212 164 187 1,696 1,450 1,696 1,450 1,188 94214.00 14.000 354 277 235 254 2,853 2,500 2,853 2,500 1,977 1,62516.00 16.000 455 351 310 337 3,695 3,230 3,695 3,230 2,564 2,09918.00 18.000 572 430 380 415 4,470 3,900 4,470 3,900 3,105 2,53520.00 20.000 711 535 468 510 6,602 5,900 6,602 5,900 4,537 3,83522.00 22.000 892 632 573 631 7,200 6,340 7,200 6,340 4,980 4,12124.00 24.000 1,073 777 676 752 8,014 7,000 8,014 7,000 5,564 4,550
(B) lengtH (in.)
SIZe (in.) Od (in.) BlIn Wnf SlPn laPJ fgtV gtV fglV glV fCKV CKV
0.50 0.840 0.56 2.06 0.88 0.88 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.500.75 1.050 0.62 2.25 1.00 1.00 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.501.00 1.315 0.69 2.44 1.06 1.06 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.501.25 1.660 0.81 2.62 1.12 1.12 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.001.50 1.900 0.88 2.75 1.25 1.25 9.50 9.50 9.50 9.50 9.50 9.502.00 2.375 1.00 2.88 1.44 1.44 11.50 11.50 11.50 11.50 11.50 11.502.50 2.875 1.12 3.12 1.62 1.62 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.003.00 3.500 1.25 3.25 1.81 1.81 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.003.50 4.000 1.38 3.38 1.94 1.94 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.004.00 4.500 1.38 3.50 2.00 2.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.005.00 5.563 1.50 4.00 2.12 2.12 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.006.00 6.625 1.62 4.06 2.25 2.25 19.50 19.50 19.50 19.50 19.50 19.508.00 8.625 1.88 4.62 2.69 2.69 23.50 23.50 23.50 23.50 23.50 23.50
10.00 10.750 2.12 4.88 2.88 4.00 26.50 26.50 26.50 26.50 26.50 26.5012.00 12.750 2.25 5.38 3.12 4.25 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.0014.00 14.000 2.38 5.88 3.31 4.62 32.50 32.50 32.50 32.50 32.50 32.5016.00 16.000 2.50 6.00 3.69 5.00 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.5018.00 18.000 2.62 6.50 3.88 5.38 38.50 38.50 38.50 38.50 38.50 38.5020.00 20.000 2.75 6.62 4.00 5.75 41.50 41.50 41.50 41.50 41.50 41.5022.00 22.000 2.88 6.75 4.25 6.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.0024.00 24.000 3.00 6.88 4.50 6.25 48.50 48.50 48.50 48.50 48.50 48.50
Job Name: -- /311975t
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470 Appendix E
ValVe and flange data (CONTINUED )
ClaSS — 600
(a) WeIgHt (lb) - *Warning: Valve weight varies greatly from vendor to vendor*
SIZe (in.) Od (in.) BlIn Wnf SlPn laPJ fgtV gtV fglV glV fCKV CKV
0.50 0.840 4 4 4 4 12 6 12 6 10 40.75 1.050 5 6 5 5 16 8 16 8 13 51.00 1.315 5 7 5 5 38 30 38 30 27 191.25 1.660 7 8 7 7 56 45 56 45 40 291.50 1.900 10 12 9 9 79 65 79 65 56 422.00 2.375 12 13 11 11 102 85 102 85 72 552.50 2.875 19 20 17 17 152 126 152 126 107 823.00 3.500 24 27 20 19 185 155 185 155 131 1013.50 4.000 35 32 27 27 226 185 226 185 161 1204.00 4.500 47 48 43 42 335 270 335 270 240 1755.00 5.563 78 78 73 73 550 440 550 440 395 2866.00 6.625 101 96 95 93 773 630 773 630 552 4098.00 8.625 159 137 135 132 1,223 1,020 1,223 1,020 865 663
10.00 10.750 267 225 213 231 1,890 1,570 1,890 1,570 1,340 1,02012.00 12.750 341 272 261 286 2,472 2,080 2,472 2,080 1,743 1,35214.00 14.000 437 406 318 349 3,317 2,840 3,317 2,840 2,323 1,84616.00 16.000 603 577 442 476 4,403 3,740 4,403 3,740 3,094 2,43118.00 18.000 762 652 573 566 5,930 5,070 5,930 5,070 4,155 3,29520.00 20.000 976 811 733 725 6,900 5,800 6,900 5,800 4,869 3,77022.00 22.000 1,166 949 895 886 8,023 6,680 8,023 6,680 5,684 4,34224.00 24.000 1,355 1,157 1,056 1,046 9,584 8,000 9,584 8,000 6,784 5,200
(B) lengtH (in.)
SIZe (in.) Od (in.) BlIn Wnf SlPn laPJ fgtV gtV fglV glV fCKV CKV
0.50 0.840 0.56 2.06 .88 .88 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.500.75 1.050 0.62 2.25 1.00 1.00 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.501.00 1.315 0.69 2.44 1.06 1.06 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.501.25 1.660 0.81 2.62 1.12 1.12 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.001.50 1.900 0.88 2.75 1.25 1.25 9.50 9.50 9.50 9.50 9.50 9.502.00 2.375 1.00 2.88 1.44 1.44 11.50 11.50 11.50 11.50 11.50 11.502.50 2.875 1.12 3.12 1.62 1.62 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.003.00 3.500 1.25 3.25 1.81 1.81 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.003.50 4.000 1.38 3.38 1.94 1.94 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.004.00 4.500 1.50 4.00 2.12 2.12 17.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 17.005.00 5.563 1.75 4.50 2.38 2.38 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.006.00 6.625 1.88 4.62 2.62 2.52 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.008.00 8.625 2.19 5.25 3.00 3.00 26.00 26.00 26.00 26.00 26.00 26.00
10.00 10.750 2.50 6.00 3.38 4.38 31.00 31.00 31.00 31.00 31.00 31.0012.00 12.750 2.62 6.12 3.62 4.62 33.00 33.00 33.00 33.00 33.00 33.0014.00 14.000 2.75 6.50 3.69 5.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.0016.00 16.000 3.00 7.00 4.19 5.50 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.0018.00 18.000 3.25 7.25 4.62 6.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.0020.00 20.000 3.50 7.50 5.00 6.50 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.0022.00 22.000 3.75 7.75 5.25 6.88 51.00 51.00 51.00 51.00 51.00 51.0024.00 24.000 4.00 8.00 5.50 7.25 55.00 55.00 55.00 55.00 55.00 55.00
Job Name: -- /311975t
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Appendix E 471
ValVe and flange data (CONTINUED )
ClaSS — 900
(a) WeIgHt (lb) - *Warning: Valve weight varies greatly from vendor to vendor*
SIZe (in.) Od (in.) BlIn Wnf SlPn laPJ fgtV gtV fglV glV fCKV CKV
0.50 0.840 8 9 8 8 22 10 22 10 18 60.75 1.050 9 10 9 9 26 12 26 12 21 81.00 1.315 12 12 12 12 83 65 83 65 60 421.25 1.660 13 13 13 13 100 80 100 80 71 521.50 1.900 19 19 19 19 124 95 124 95 90 622.00 2.375 32 31 32 32 188 140 188 140 139 912.50 2.875 45 46 46 46 259 190 259 190 192 1233.00 3.500 38 38 37 36 296 240 296 240 211 1563.50 4.000 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -14.00 4.500 67 64 66 64 499 400 499 400 359 2605.00 5.563 104 103 100 100 710 560 710 560 514 3646.00 6.625 133 130 128 125 1,037 845 1,037 845 741 5498.00 8.625 232 222 207 223 1,531 1,220 1,531 1,220 1,103 793
10.00 10.750 338 316 293 325 2,600 2,160 2,600 2,160 1,843 1,40412.00 12.750 475 434 388 433 3,482 2,900 3,482 2,900 2,467 1,88514.00 14.000 574 642 460 477 4,830 4,140 4,830 4,140 3,381 2,69116.00 16.000 719 785 559 588 6,059 5,220 6,059 5,220 4,231 3,39318.00 18.000 1,030 1,074 797 820 8,296 7,100 8,296 7,100 5,810 4,61520.00 20.000 1,287 1,344 972 1,048 9,308 7,850 9,308 7,850 6,560 5,10222.00 22.000 1,865 1,786 1,398 1,525 10,607 8,510 10,607 8,510 7,628 5,53124.00 24.000 2,442 2,450 1,823 2,002 12,235 9,500 12,235 9,500 8,909 6,175
(B) lengtH (in.)
SIZe (in.) Od (in.) BlIn Wnf SlPn laPJ fgtV gtV fglV glV fCKV CKV
0.50 0.840 .88 2.38 1.25 1.25 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.500.75 1.050 1.00 2.75 1.38 1.38 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.001.00 1.315 1.12 2.88 1.62 1.62 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.001.25 1.660 1.12 2.88 1.62 1.62 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.001.50 1.900 1.25 3.25 1.75 1.75 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.002.00 2.375 1.50 4.00 2.25 2.25 14.50 14.50 14.50 14.50 14.50 14.502.50 2.875 1.62 4.12 2.50 2.50 16.50 16.50 16.50 16.50 16.50 16.503.00 3.500 1.62 4.00 2.12 2.42 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.003.50 4.000 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.004.00 4.500 1.75 4.50 2.75 2.75 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.005.00 5.563 2.00 5.00 3.12 3.12 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.006.00 6.625 2.19 5.50 3.38 3.38 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.008.00 8.625 2.50 6.38 4.00 4.50 29.00 29.00 29.00 29.00 29.00 29.00
10.00 10.750 2.75 7.25 4.25 5.00 33.00 33.00 33.00 33.00 33.00 33.0012.00 12.750 3.12 7.88 4.62 5.62 38.00 38.00 38.00 38.00 38.00 38.0014.00 14.000 3.38 8.38 5.12 6.12 40.50 40.50 40.50 40.50 40.50 40.5016.00 16.000 3.50 8.50 5.25 6.50 44.50 44.50 44.50 44.50 44.50 44.5018.00 18.000 4.00 9.00 6.00 7.50 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.0020.00 20.000 4.25 9.75 6.25 8.25 52.00 52.00 52.00 52.00 52.00 52.0022.00 22.000 4.88 10.63 7.13 9.38 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.0024.00 24.000 5.50 11.50 8.00 10.50 61.00 61.00 61.00 61.00 61.00 61.00
Job Name: -- /311975t
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472 Appendix E
ValVe and flange data (CONTINUED )
ClaSS — 1500
(a) WeIgHt (lb) - *Warning: Valve weight varies greatly from vendor to vendor*
SIZe (in.) Od (in.) BlIn Wnf SlPn laPJ fgtV gtV fglV glV fCKV CKV
0.50 0.840 8 9 8 8 22 10 22 10 18 60.75 1.050 9 10 9 9 26 12 26 12 21 81.00 1.315 12 12 12 12 38 20 38 20 31 131.25 1.660 13 13 13 13 50 30 50 30 39 191.50 1.900 19 19 19 19 69 40 69 40 54 262.00 2.375 32 31 32 32 98 50 98 50 80 322.50 2.875 45 46 46 46 152 83 152 83 123 543.00 3.500 61 61 61 60 207 115 207 115 166 753.50 4.000 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -14.00 4.500 90 90 90 92 355 220 355 220 278 1435.00 5.563 172 162 162 162 713 470 713 470 548 3056.00 6.625 197 202 202 208 1,023 720 1,023 720 771 4688.00 8.625 363 334 319 347 1,619 1,140 1,619 1,140 1,219 741
10.00 10.750 599 546 528 577 2,642 1,850 2,642 1,850 1,994 1,20212.00 12.750 928 843 820 902 4,040 2,810 4,040 2,810 3,056 1,82614.00 14.000 -1 1,241 1,016 1,076 4,644 3,120 4,644 3,120 3,552 2,028
16.00 16.000 -1 1,597 1,297 1,372 7,346 5,400 7,346 5,400 5,455 3,510
18.00 18.000 -1 2,069 1,694 1,769 8,521 5,980 8,521 5,980 6,428 3,887
20.00 20.000 -1 2,614 2,114 2,189 10,701 7,530 10,701 7,530 8,065 4,894
22.00 22.000 -1 3,230 2,746 2,834 13,699 9,580 13,699 9,580 10,346 6,227
24.00 24.000 -1 4,153 3,378 3,478 17,717 12,650 17,717 12,650 13,289 8,222
(B) lengtH (in.)
SIZe (in.) Od (in.) BlIn Wnf SlPn laPJ fgtV gtV fglV glV fCKV CKV
0.50 0.840 0.88 2.38 1.25 1.25 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.500.75 1.050 1.00 2.75 1.38 1.38 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.001.00 1.315 1.12 2.88 1.62 1.62 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.001.25 1.660 1.12 2.88 1.62 1.62 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.001.50 1.900 1.25 3.25 1.75 1.75 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.002.00 2.375 1.50 4.00 2.25 2.25 14.50 14.50 14.50 14.50 14.50 14.502.50 2.875 1.62 4.12 2.50 2.50 16.50 16.50 16.50 16.50 16.50 16.503.00 3.500 1.88 4.62 2.88 2.88 18.50 18.50 18.50 18.50 18.50 18.503.50 4.000 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.004.00 4.500 2.12 4.88 3.56 3.56 21.50 21.50 21.50 21.50 21.50 21.505.00 5.563 2.88 6.12 4.12 4.12 26.50 26.50 26.50 26.50 26.50 26.506.00 6.625 3.25 6.75 4.69 4.69 27.75 27.75 27.75 27.75 27.75 27.758.00 8.625 3.62 8.38 5.62 5.62 32.75 32.75 32.75 32.75 32.75 32.75
10.00 10.750 4.25 10.00 6.25 7.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.0012.00 12.750 4.88 11.12 7.12 8.62 44.50 44.50 44.50 44.50 44.50 44.5014.00 14.000 5.25 11.75 -1.00 9.50 49.50 49.50 49.50 49.50 49.50 49.5016.00 16.000 5.75 12.25 -1.00 10.25 54.50 54.50 54.50 54.50 54.50 54.5018.00 18.000 6.38 12.88 -1.00 10.88 60.50 60.50 60.50 60.50 60.50 60.5020.00 20.000 7.00 14.00 -1.00 11.50 65.50 65.50 65.50 65.50 65.50 65.5022.00 22.000 7.50 15.00 -1.00 12.25 71.00 71.00 71.00 71.00 71.00 71.0024.00 24.000 8.00 16.00 -1.00 13.00 76.50 76.50 76.50 76.50 76.50 76.50
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Appendix E 473
ValVe and flange data (CONTINUED )
ClaSS — 2500
(a) WeIgHt (lb) - *Warning: Valve weight varies greatly from vendor to vendor*
SIZe (in.) Od (in.) BlIn Wnf SlPn laPJ fgtV gtV fglV glV fCKV CKV
0.50 0.840 11 11 11 11 29 12 29 12 24 80.75 1.050 12 12 11 11 35 18 35 18 28 121.00 1.315 15 16 15 15 53 30 53 30 42 191.25 1.660 23 25 23 23 75 40 75 40 60 261.50 1.900 31 34 31 30 107 60 107 60 85 392.00 2.375 50 48 49 48 154 80 154 80 125 522.50 2.875 70 66 69 69 234 130 234 130 188 843.00 3.500 105 113 102 99 323 170 323 170 263 1103.50 4.000 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -14.00 4.500 164 177 158 153 567 330 567 330 451 2145.00 5.563 272 293 259 259 974 585 974 585 769 3806.00 6.625 418 451 396 387 1,434 840 1,434 840 1,140 5468.00 8.625 649 692 601 587 2,352 1,450 2,352 1,450 1,844 942
10.00 10.750 1,248 1,291 1,148 1,120 4,222 2,500 4,222 2,500 3,347 1,62512.00 12.750 1,775 1,919 1,611 1,573 6,267 3,850 6,267 3,850 4,919 2,50214.00 14.000 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -116.00 16.000 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -118.00 18.000 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -120.00 20.000 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -122.00 22.000 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -124.00 24.000 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
(B) lengtH (in.)
SIZe (in.) Od (in.) BlIn Wnf SlPn laPJ fgtV gtV fglV glV fCKV CKV
0.50 0.840 1.19 2.88 1.56 1.56 10.38 10.38 10.38 10.38 10.38 10.380.75 1.050 1.25 3.12 1.69 1.69 10.75 10.75 10.75 10.75 10.75 10.751.00 1.315 1.38 3.50 1.88 1.88 12.13 12.13 12.13 12.13 12.13 12.131.25 1.660 1.50 3.75 2.06 2.06 13.75 13.75 13.75 13.75 13.75 13.751.50 1.900 1.75 4.38 2.38 2.38 15.13 15.13 15.13 15.13 15.13 15.132.00 2.375 2.00 5.00 2.75 2.75 17.75 17.75 17.75 17.75 17.75 17.752.50 2.875 2.25 5.62 3.12 3.12 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.003.00 3.500 2.62 5.62 3.62 3.62 22.75 22.75 22.75 22.75 22.75 22.753.50 4.000 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.004.00 4.500 3.00 7.50 4.25 4.25 26.50 26.50 26.50 26.50 26.50 26.505.00 5.563 3.62 9.00 5.12 5.12 31.25 31.25 31.25 31.25 31.25 31.256.00 6.625 4.25 10.75 6.00 6.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 36.008.00 8.625 5.00 12.50 7.00 7.00 40.25 40.25 40.25 40.25 40.25 40.25
10.00 10.750 6.50 16.50 9.00 9.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.0012.00 12.750 7.25 18.25 10.00 10.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.0014.00 14.000 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.0016.00 16.000 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.0018.00 18.000 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.0020.00 20.000 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.0022.00 22.000 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.0024.00 24.000 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00
Note: -1.00 means not available.(1 in. = 25.4 mm; 1 lb = 0.4536 kg.)
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474
ASME B31.1 AllowABlE StrESS, SE, (ksi) (NotE: 1 ksi = 6.895 MPA)
At temperature (°F)
MAtErIAl-NAME
MAtGrP
(E)FACt
SU(ksi)
100 200 300 400 500 600 650 700750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100
1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500A53/A/S CS 1.00 48.0 13.7 13.7 13.7 13.7 13.7 13.7 13.7 12.5
10.7 9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
A53/B/S CS 1.00 60.0 17.1 17.1 17.1 17.1 17.1 17.1 17.1 15.613.0 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0A53/A/E CS 0.85 48.0 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 10.6
9.1 7.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
A53/B/E CS 0.85 60.0 14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 13.311.1 9.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0A106/A CS 1.00 48.0 13.7 13.7 13.7 13.7 13.7 13.7 13.7 12.5
10.7 9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
A106/B CS 1.00 60.0 17.1 17.1 17.1 17.1 17.1 17.1 17.1 15.613.0 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0A106/C HS 1.00 70.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 19.8 18.3
14.8 12.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
API-5L/A/S CS 1.00 48.0 13.7 13.7 13.7 13.7 13.7 13.7 13.7 12.510.7 9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0API-5L/B/S CS 1.00 60.0 17.1 17.1 17.1 17.1 17.1 17.1 17.1 15.6
13.0 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
API-5L/A/E CS 0.85 48.0 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 11.7 10.69.1 7.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
API-5L/B/E CS 0.85 60.0 14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 13.411.0 9.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0A335/P1 CM 1.00 55.0 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7
15.4 14.9 14.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Appendix F
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Appendix F 475
A335/P11 LC 1.00 60.0 17.1 17.1 17.1 16.8 16.2 15.7 15.4 15.114.8 14.4 14.0 13.6 9.3 6.3 4.2 2.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0A335/P12 LC 1.00 60.0 17.1 16.8 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.3 16.0 15.8
15.5 15.3 14.9 14.5 11.3 7.2 4.5 2.80.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
A335/P21 2C 1.00 60.0 17.1 17.1 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.616.6 16.6 16.0 12.0 9.0 7.0 5.5 4.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0A335/P22 2C 1.00 60.0 17.1 17.1 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.6
16.6 16.6 16.6 13.6 10.8 8.0 5.7 3.80.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
A369/FP1 CM 1.00 55.0 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.715.4 14.9 14.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0A369/FP2 LC 1.00 55.0 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7
15.4 14.9 14.5 13.9 9.2 5.9 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
A369/FP11 LC 1.00 60.0 17.1 17.1 17.1 16.8 16.2 15.7 15.4 15.114.8 14.4 14.0 13.6 9.3 6.3 4.2 2.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0A369/FP12 LC 1.00 60.0 17.1 16.8 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.3 16.0 15.8
15.5 15.3 14.9 14.5 11.3 7.2 4.5 2.80.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
A369/FP21 2C 1.00 60.0 17.1 17.1 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.616.6 16.6 16.0 12.0 9.0 7.0 5.5 4.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0A369/FP22 2C 1.00 60.0 17.1 17.1 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.6
16.6 16.6 16.6 13.6 10.8 8.0 5.7 3.80.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
A312/TP304L SS 1.00 70.0 16.7 16.7 16.7 15.8 14.7 14.0 13.7 13.513.3 13.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0A312/TP304L/E SS 0.85 70.0 14.2 14.2 14.2 13.4 12.5 11.9 11.7 11.4
11.3 11.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
A312/TP304 SS 1.00 75.0 20.0 20.0 18.9 18.3 17.5 16.6 16.2 15.815.5 15.2 14.9 14.6 14.3 14.0 12.4 9.8
7.7 6.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0A312/TP304/E SS 0.85 75.0 17.0 17.0 16.1 15.5 14.8 14.1 13.8 13.5
13.2 12.9 12.6 12.4 12.1 11.9 10.5 8.36.6 5.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
A312/TP316L SS 1.00 70.0 16.7 16.7 16.7 15.7 14.8 14.0 13.7 13.513.2 12.9 12.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0A312/TP316L/E SS 0.85 70.0 14.2 14.2 14.2 13.4 12.5 11.9 11.7 11.4
11.2 11.0 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
(continued on next page)
ASME B31.1 Allowable Stress, SE, (ksi) (Note: 1 ksi = 6.895 MPa) (CoNtINUEd)
At temperature (°F)
MAtErIAl-NAME
MAtGrP
(E)FACt
SU(ksi)
100 200 300 400 500 600 650 700750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100
1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500A335/P2 LC 1.00 55.0 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7
15.4 14.9 14.5 13.9 9.2 5.9 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
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476 Appendix F
ASME B31.1 AllowABlE StrESS, SE, (ksi) (NotE: 1 ksi = 6.895 MPA) (continued )
At temperature (°F)
MAtErIAl-NAME
MAtGrP
(E)FACt
SU(ksi)
100 200 300 400 500 600 650 700750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100
1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500A312/TP316 SS 1.00 75.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 19.3 18.0 17.0 16.6 16.3
16.1 15.9 15.7 15.6 15.4 15.3 15.1 12.49.8 7.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
A312/TP316/E SS 0.85 75.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 16.4 15.3 14.5 14.1 13.913.7 13.5 13.4 13.2 13.1 13.0 12.9 10.5
8.3 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0A312/TP321 SS 1.00 75.0 20.0 20.0 19.1 18.7 18.7 18.3 17.9 17.5
17.2 16.9 16.7 16.5 16.4 16.2 9.6 6.95.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
A312/TP321/E SS 0.85 75.0 17.0 17.0 16.2 15.9 15.9 15.5 15.2 14.914.6 14.4 14.2 14.1 13.9 13.8 8.2 5.9
4.3 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0A321/TP321H SS 1.00 75.0 20.0 20.0 19.1 18.7 18.7 18.3 17.9 17.5
17.2 16.9 16.7 16.5 16.4 16.2 12.3 9.16.9 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
A312/TP321H/E SS 0.85 75.0 17.0 17.0 16.2 15.9 15.9 15.5 15.2 14.914.6 14.4 14.2 14.1 13.9 13.8 10.5 7.7
5.9 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0A312/TP347 SS 1.00 75.0 20.0 20.0 18.8 17.8 17.2 16.9 16.8 16.8
16.8 16.8 16.8 16.7 16.6 16.0 12.1 9.16.1 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
A312/TP347/E SS 0.85 75.0 17.0 17.0 16.0 15.1 14.6 14.3 14.3 14.314.3 14.3 14.3 14.2 14.1 13.6 10.3 7.8
5.2 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0A312/TP347H SS 1.00 75.0 20.0 20.0 18.8 17.8 17.1 16.9 16.8 16.8
16.8 16.8 16.8 16.7 16.6 16.4 16.2 14.110.5 7.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
A312/TP347H/E SS 0.85 75.0 17.0 17.0 16.0 15.1 14.6 14.3 14.3 14.314.3 14.3 14.3 14.2 14.1 14.0 13.7 12.08.9 6.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
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477
AABS (absolute) earthquake combination, 419–22acoustic pulsation, 97, 439active anchor length. See virtual anchor lengthAF (attenuation factor), 316air-cooled heat exchanger connections, 268–70. See
also stationary equipment interfacesalignment guides, 228all-in-one analysis, 291allowable stresses
at high temperature, 16austenitic stainless steels with two sets of, 35bases for establishing in Codes, 98–99corrosion and, 76Piping Code, 98–101, 331–35rotating equipment connections and, 76, 285table, 474–76
allowable vibration displacement and velocity, see steady-state vibration
alternating stress intensity, 129analysis of piping assembly, 55
data points and node points, 57finite element method, 56–57, 409mathematical assembly, 58–59
anchors, 151–52drag anchors, 152, 354ideal anchor evaluations, 61–62main anchors, 226pipelines, 335–36, 353–54stiffness, 26virtual, 336
angle of repose of soil, 340–41ANSI B31, 20AQ (attenuation quotient), 316area replacement method, 110ASME B31, 20, 91–92, 330–31
B31.4 Liquid Petroleum Pipeline, 331–33B31.8 Gas Transmission Pipeline, 333–35
attenuation factor (AF), 316attenuation quotient (AQ), 316axial deformation, flexible connections, 215, 219axial slip joints, 235–36
Bbalanced spring load, 168ball valves, 5
ball/ball-and-socket joints, 5, 8, 236–37bandwidth optimization, 57Barlow’s formula, 103beam formulas, 53–55beam on elastic foundation, 133–35
application to cylindrical shells, 139–41infinite beam with concentrated load, 135–37semi-infinite beam, 138–39
bellow expansion jointsaccommodating axial deformation, 225–30accommodating lateral and rotational movements,
230–32bellow elements, 213–18catalog data
background, 218–19calculating operational movements, 223–24cold spring of expansion joint, 224–25using, 220–23
See also gimbal bellow joints; hinge bellow jointsbend rotation, due to pressure, 25, 81–82bending moments, stresses due to, 40–42, See also
stress, bendingbends, 8, 46, 56, 66–70, 105bladder-type dampeners, 318Bourdon tube effect, 25, 81–82bowing temperature, 94–95, 357 internal thermal stresses generated by, 359–60braces, 155branch connections, 5, 8
component stresses, calculation, 114nuclear piping, 130–32
pressure design, 109–12reinforcement of, 110–11See also unmatched small branch connections
branch legs, stress calculation in Code, 116–17brittle rupture, 10–11butt welded fittings, 461. See also furnace butt welded
pipesbutterfly valves, 5
Ccantilever beams, 55centrifugal compressors, 308–12centrifugal pumps
API Standard 610 pumps, 304–8categories, 300
index
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478 Index
characteristics related to piping interface, 301–2non-API pumps, 303–4piping support schemes, 302–3
check valves, 5choking force, ring girder supports, 180–82choking model
discontinuity stresses, 142–43See also Kellogg’s choking model
choking phenomenon in gas flow, 392circumferential weld. See girth weldsclamped shoes, 153clamping stresses, 24Class 1 nuclear piping
Code differences from non-nuclear, 125–32coarse sand, 340Code (Piping Code), 19–22
applicable codes, 91–92basic allowable stresses, 98–101, 331–35inclusion in owner’s design specification, 27loadings to be considered, 92–98pressure design, 101–13rationales and intent, 91stress intensification factors (SIFS), 69–71
code stress compliance charts, 124–25code stress compliance reports, 124–25code table stresses. See Code (Piping Code), basic
allowable stressescold, and brittleness, 11–12cold balanced spring load, 168–69cold spring, 76–77
analysis of cold sprung systems, 79–80expansion joints, 224–25gap size and location, 77–78multi-branched systems, 79procedure, 78–79
column buckling, 17combined bending stress, 115complete quadratic combination (CQC), 419–21component stresses
calculations in Code, 113–17Code, 113–25
components, types of, 4–5composite drawings, position in piping design
process, 1–2computer programs
analysis of piping resting on supports, 161benefits of, 2, 38checking results of, 39field proven systems, 88–89load calculations for risers, 171
consistent mass matrix approach, 411–12constant-effort supports, 156, 165–66construction gaps, 26contoured welded-on branch connections, 5, 8
corner pressure balanced expansion joints, 229–30
corrosionallowance, 18, 28, 102and allowable stress, 76
corrosion failure, 18–19corrugated hose, 237–39Coulomb damping, 382, 388CQC (complete quadratic combination), 419–21creep failure, and welds, 6creep rupture, 14–17critical pressure ratio in gas flow, 392–93cumulative damage, 129curved pipe, pressure design, 104–6curved pipe beam elements, 68. See also
ovalizationcyclic stress. See fatigue failure
ddampeners for pulsation flow
bladder-type, 318reciprocating compressors and pumps, 317–19
damping, 387–89deflection shapes of common beams, 430–31depth of soil cover, 341Der Kiureghian correlation coefficient, 419design pressure. See pressure, designdesign specifications, 26–30design temperature. See temperature, designdirect friction force approach, 174–75discontinuity stresses
beam deflection equations applied to cylindrical shells, 139–41
choking model, 142–43definitions, 133effective widths, 141–42junctions between dissimilar materials, 143–44
with a rigid section, 146–47with similar modulus of elasticity, 144–46
vessel shell rotation, 147–49displacement stress, 113, 121–24
calculation in Code, 121–24weld strength reduction factor, 6See also thermal expansion
DLF (dynamic load factor), 374–75double-acting stops, 155down comers, 170. See also risersdrag anchors, 152, 354Dresser Coupling, 235ductile materials, 10ductile rupture, 10dynamic analysis
accounting for uncertainties, 426–28impacts, 373–75
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Index 479
See also harmonic analyses, response spectra analyses, time-histpry analyses
See also MDOF systems; SDOF systemsdynamic fluid load, Code, 96–98dynamic friction, 174dynamic load factor (DLF), 374–75
eearthquake load analysis
Code, 96industry practice, 23nuclear piping, 126See also ground motion; occasional stress; response
spectra method; sustained stresseffective stress, 53EJMA standard, 211elastic analysis, 37elastic equivalent stress, 13, 67elastic-plastic discontinuity analysis, 129–30elasticity
modulus of, 34, 465shear modulus of, 38
elbow bends, 8, 461electric fusion welded pipes, 6electric resistance welded pipes, 6endurance limit, 13, 444–5equivalent stress intensification factors, 117erosion failure, 18–19European code, 91–92excessive flexibility, 86–88
rotating equipment connections, 321–22expansion, see thermal expansionexpansion joints
cold spring, 224–25problems with, 241
direction of the anchor force, 241–42improper installation, 322improperly installed anchors, 244–45with tie-rods and limit rods, 242–44
See also bellow expansion jointsexpansion loops, 63
leg length estimation, 63–65expansion stress, 115
See also thermal expansionexternal pressure. See pressure, externalextruded tee, 5, 8
Ffailures, 18–19
modes of, 9-19theories of, 52See also creep rupture; fatigue failure; stability
failure; static stress rupturefatigue failure, 12–14, 71, 76, 221, 444
field proven systems, 87–88. See also industry practicefinite element method, 56–57, 409flanges
bend flexibility and SIFs, 71classes, 7diagram, 5piping load evaluations
Class 2 Nuclear Piping Rules, 254–55equivalent pressure method, 251–54flange stress calculation, 253–54leakage concerns, 247–48rating table lookup, 252–53standard design procedure, 248–50unofficial position of B31.3, 250–51
usage, 6valve and flange data, 467–73See also un-insulated flange connections
flexibility factor, 69, 71pressure effect on, 82
flexible connections, 8, 209–10analysis, 211–12catalog data use, 220–21
adjustment for operating cycles, 221–23bellow effective area, 220effect of rotation, 220non-concurrent movements, 221pressure rating, 220torsional moment, 223
problems with, 210standards, 211suitable situations, 211See also bellow expansion joints
flexible hosesapplication and analysis, 238–41types, 237–38uses, 237
flow velocity, 392–95versus sonic velocity, 389–90
fluid flow, shaking forces from, 395–97forged elbows, pressure design, 106forged welding tee, 5, 8, 461
pressure design, 109–10free-body diagrams, 39friction angle (soils), 340–41furnace butt welded pipes, 6
Gg factor of earthquake loading, 413–14gas constant, 390gas-filled surge chambers, 316–18gas pipelines
Code, 21–22design factors, 334location classes, 331
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480 Index
See also ASME B31, B31.8 Gas Transmission Pipeline
gate valves, 5gimbal bellow joints, 8, 232–33, 234girth welds (circumferential welds), 5, 6
weld strength reduction factor, 101global coordinate systems, 58globe valves, 5gravel, 340ground motion, 413–15. See also earthquake load
analysisguide gaps, 26guided cantilever beams, 55guides, 155
Hhalf-coupling welded-on branch connections, 5, 8hangers, 153, 166, 168. See also variable spring hangersharmonic analysis
accounting for uncertainties, 427–28analysis procedure, 439–44anchor vibration displacement, 98, 439general form of harmonic forcing function, 437–42pulsation force, 439–42static equivalent solution of un-damped systems, 437vortex shedding forces, 437–39
heat exchanger connections, 265. See also air-cooled heat exchanger connections; stationary equipment interfaces
high-cycle fatigue, 13–14high pressure pipe, 103hinge bellow joints, 8, 232–34Hook’s law, 34, 38hoop pressure stress, 45, 46–47, 332hoses, see flexible hoseshot balanced spring load, 168hydrodynamic loads, inclusion in owner’s design
specification, 27hydrogen attack, 19hydrostatic testing
and spring supports, 162–63compressor piping, 312
iideal anchor evaluations, 61–62idling equipment, 294impact loads. See also ductile materialsimpact testing, and temperature, 11–12impulse function, 398impulse loading, accounting for uncertainties, 428in-line pressure balanced expansion joints, 228–29in-plane bending stress, 114
SIF (stress intensification factor), 69industry practice, 22–23
small piping, 26
supports and restraints friction, 25–26See also field proven systems
inherent flexibility, 65integrally reinforced welded-on branch connections,
5, 8pressure design, 109–10See also branch connections, reinforcement of
interlocked hose, 238isometric drawings, position in piping design process, 2
Jjob specification/requirements, 28. See also project
specification
KKármán force coefficient, 438Kellogg’s choking model
for bending on cylindrical shell nozzle, 259–61for integral support attachments, 198–202
Llap-joint flanges, 5, 7large pipes, definitions, 178Larson-Miller parameter (LMP), 16–17levels of services, nuclear piping, 126limit-rods, problems with expansion joints, 243–44limit stops, 155line-by-line analysis, 291–92line lists, 29
position in piping design process, 1line number, 29line stops, 155LMP (Larson-Miller parameter), 16–17load cases, 23–24local coordinate flexible joints, 212local support stresses, 24local thermal stresses, 24–25long-radius elbow bends, 8longitudinal joint efficiency, allowable stress and, 113longitudinal pressure stress, 45–46, 118longitudinal welded pipes, 5, 6
weld strength reduction factor, 101Lorenz factors, 47low-cycle fatigue, 13–14low-type tank connections
allowable piping loads, 274–80definition, 270displacement and rotation, 271–72practical considerations, 280–82stiffness coefficients, 272–74
Mmain anchors, 226mass lumping, 410
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Index 481
material specification engineers, role in piping design process, 1
material specifications, 28–29position in piping design process, 1
maximum distortion energy theory, 52maximum energy theory, 52maximum shear theory, 52maximum strain theory, 52maximum stress theory, 52MDOF systems (Multiple Degree of Freedom), 409–10
consistent mass matrix approach, 411–12free vibration and modal superposition, 412–13mass lumping, 410
minimum bend radius, flexible hoses, 239–40miter bends, 5, 8
pressure design, 106–9Mohr’s Circle, 51moment restraints. See rotational restraintsmoments
bending, 40–42of inertia, 42–43stresses due to, 40–44, 48summation of, 40torsion, 43–44
multi-dimensional stresses, 49
nNapier’s law, 394natural circular frequency, 377natural frequency, 376–77natural period, 377NB-3600, 92NC-3600, 92ND-3600, 92needle valves, 5Newmark mid-point constant acceleration, 449nominal diameter, 6nominal stress, nuclear piping, 127nominal thickness, 6, 460. See also equivalent stress
intensification factorsnon-concurrent movements, use of catalog data for
flexible connections, 221notches, ductile ruptures, 10–11NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission) directives,
125nuclear piping
branch connectionscomponent stresses calculation, 130–32flexibility, 261
earthquake load analysis, 126levels of services, 126nominal stress, 127occasional stress, 126peak stress range, 128–29pressure design, 126
wind load analysis, 126See also Class 1 nuclear piping
nuclear power plant piping codes, 20–22Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) directives, 125
Ooccasional loads, inclusion in owner’s design
specification, 27occasional stress, 113
calculation in Code, 119–21, 332–33, 334nuclear piping, 126weld strength reduction factor, 6
offset method of determining yield point, 35on-off interface approach, 419one-way stops, 155operating pressure. See pressure, operatingoperating temperature. See temperature, operatingout-plane bending stress, 114
SIF (stress intensification factor), 69ovalization of bend cross-section, 68–69owner’s design specification, 26–28
PP&IDs (piping and instrument diagrams), position in
piping design process, 1passive loads, 98peak stress, 113peak stress range, nuclear piping, 128–29PGs (planar guides), 230pipe materials, 6pipe sizes, 6pipe stress analysis
neglect of, 2scope of, 2–4
pipe stress and supporteffort required, 2position in piping design process, 2
pipe support, terminology, 152pipelines
analytical model construction, 351–53anchors, 335–36, 353–54bends, 338–39, 348
large, 349–51Codes, 21, 330–31example behavior calculations, 346–48extension to reduce stress, 353fully restrained sections, 337–38minimum bend radius, 339movement of free ends, 336–37, 348movement of restrained ends, 337pressure elongation, 25, 81, 335soil-pipe interactions, 344–46, 347–48soil resistance against axial pipe movement, 341–43soil resistance in lateral direction, 343–44soil resistance simulation, 348–49
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482 Index
support friction, 26, 172–73See also gas pipelinesuses of, 329–30
piping, importance of, 1Piping Code, 19–22piping design process, 1–2piping designers, role in piping design process, 1–2piping flexibility, 63
excessive, 86–88inherent, 65
piping flexibility analysis, 2, 61general procedure, 83–86
piping mechanical engineers, role in piping design process, 2
planar guides (PGs), 230plant walk-down/through, 30plug valves, 5pneumatic test, inclusion in owner’s design
specification, 27Poisson’s ratio, 37–38Poisson’s strain, 38pound classification of flanges, 7power boiler attachment design formula, 194–98power piping, Code, 21power/steam boilers connections, 265–66. See also
stationary equipment interfacespre-spring. See cold springpressure
design, 29, 93, 102effect on bend flexibility and SIFs, 82effect on flexibility, 25, 80external, 17, 103operating, 29test, 93upset, 93
pressure balanced universal expansion joints, 232
pressure designbranch connections, 109–12Code, 101–2curved pipe, 104–6miter bends, 106–9nuclear piping, 126other components, 113straight pipe, 102–4
pressure elongationas self-limiting load, 82effect on flexibility, 80–81pipelines, 25, 81, 335
pressure loadings, Code, 93pressure rating, use of catalog data for flexible
connections, 220pressure-temperature rating, 7pressure vessel connections
Kellogg’s choking model for bending on cylindrical shell nozzle, 259–61
loadings imposed to piping from vessel, 257–58nozzle flexibility at spherical shell, 263–64nozzle flexibility on cylindrical vessel, 261–62nuclear piping branch flexibility, 261reinforcing pads, 264vessel shell flexibility, 258–59See also stationary equipment interfaces
pressure waves, 97–98primary stage creep, 15principal planes, 36principal stresses, 36process engineers, role in piping design process, 1process flow diagrams, position in piping design
process, 1process heater connections, 266–68. See also
stationary equipment interfacesprocess piping, Code, 21project specification, 28–30proportional limit of stress-strain curve, 34pulsation flow
harmonic analysis, 439–42reciprocating compressors and pumps, 313–15See also acoustic pulsation
pumping circuitswith excessive flexibility, 88See also centrifugal pumps
Qquick check on piping flexibility
formulas, 63–65caution, 65
Rreal anchor evaluations, 62–63reciprocating compressors and pumps, 313
items to be addressed, 319–21pulsation dampeners, 317–19pulsation pressure, 315–16See also pulsation flow
rectangular pulse, 380reference fatigue life of bellows, 218–19refractory lined pipes, 365–69
equivalent modulus of elasticity, 365–66hot-cold pipe junctions, 366–69
reinforced fabricated tee, 5, 8pressure design, 109–10See also branch connections, reinforcement of
relief displacement, 217relief strain, 38resilient friction restraint approach, 175–76resilient supports. See spring supportsresponse spectra method, 415–17
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Index 483
absolute closely spaced modal combination, 421–22combination of results, 417–19comparison of modal combination methods, 419–21compensation for the higher modes truncated,
422–23design response spectra, 424–26
resting supports, 155, 159–62restraints, 151, 153–54
stiffness, 26See also supports and restraints
rigid body acceleration. See ZPArigidity, modulus of, 38ring girders, 153risers, 170
analysis method, 172load calculation, 171–72support schemes, 170–71
Roark’s saddle, 179–80rollers, 177Rosenblueth correlation coefficient, 419rotating equipment connections, 9
allowable piping loadhistory, 286–88manufacturer’s figures, 285–86
allowable stress, 76analysis approaches, 290–92design procedure example, 324–26effect of piping loads, 288–89excessive flexibility, 321–22fit-up, 294–95improper expansion joint installations, 322multi-unit installations, 293–94nozzle movements, 289–90spring hanger selection to minimize weight load,
292–93theoretical restraints, 322–24See also centrifugal compressors; centrifugal
pumps; reciprocating compressors and pumps; steam turbines
rotating equipment pipingdesign considerations, 4support friction, 26, 172
rotational restraints, 157rotational slip joints. See ball/ball-and-socket jointsrotational spring rate, 217roundhouse stress-strain curve, 34, 35routing study, position in piping design process, 1rubber-type bellows, 213rupture safety factor, 99
Ssaddle supports
Roark’s saddle, 179–80Zick’s saddle, 185–90
saddles, 153safety-relief valves, 8safety valve relieving forces
closed discharge systems, 401–3open discharge systems, 397–401
schedule numbers, 6schematic planning drawings, position in piping
design process, 1Schorer’s ring girder, 180–85scraper (pig) launching station analysis, 352SDOF systems (Single Degree of Freedom), 386–87
damped systems, 382alternative equation for SDOF damped vibration, 384forced vibration on damped system, 385–86free vibration on viscously damped system, 382–83free vibration on viscously damped system with initial displacement, 383–84
definitions, 375–76un-damped systems, 376–82
with constant force, 377–78with harmonic load, 378–79with impulse loads, 380–82
working formula, 376seamless pipes, 6secondary stage creep, 15self-limiting stress, 66–67self-spring, 73shaking forces from fluid flow, 395–97shear distribution factor, 47, 178shear strain, 38shear stresses
in principal planes, 36maximum, 36soils, 341
shell connections, 8–9. See also stationary equipment interfaces
shock waves, 97–98shoes, 152–53short-radius elbow bends, 8SIF (stress intensification factor)
basis, 69Code (Piping Code), 69–71curved pipes, 68–71, 105in various Codes, 123–24pressure effect on, 82sustained loads, 25, 70–71See also equivalent stress intensification factors;
torsion stress intensification factorsilt, 340single-acting stops, 155single tied expansion joints, 230sliding friction, 174sliding plates, 177–78
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484 Index
sliding supports, 155slip joints, 235–37slip-on flanges, 5, 7slug flow, 97small piping, industry practice, 26snubbers, 156, 388–89socket-welded connections, 370–71soil mechanics, level of knowledge required, 340soils
friction angle, 340–41friction coefficients, 343resistance against axial pipe movement, 341–43resistance in lateral direction, 343–44resistance simulation, 348–49shearing stress, 341soil-pipe interactions, 344–46, 347–48types, 340
sonic velocity, 390–92versus flow velocity, 389–90
space maintenance stops, 155specialty items, position in piping design process, 2specific heat ratio, 391spiral welded pipes, 5, 6
weld strength reduction factor, 101spring constant. See anchors, stiffnessspring rates, 151
use of catalog data for flexible connections, 220spring supports
deciding when to use, 162–63terminology, 156See also constant-effort supports; variable spring
hangersSRSS (square root of the sum of the squares) method,
23, 115, 121, 418–21stability failure, 17–18stainless steel pipes, schedule numbers, 6standards, 20. See also Piping Codestatic equilibrium, 40static friction, 174static stress rupture, 9–12stationary equipment interfaces
allowable piping load, 264–65flanges
Class 2 Nuclear Piping Rules, 254–55equivalent pressure method, 251–54flange stress calculation, 253–54leakage concerns, 247–48rating table lookup, 252–53standard design procedure, 248–50unofficial position of B31.3, 250–51
interface effects, 247sensitive valves, 255–56See also heat exchanger connections; power/steam
boilers connections; pressure vessel connections; process heater connections
steady-state vibration, 428allowable vibration displacement and velocity,
428–37basic vibration patterns, 428–29stress evaluation, 444–45See also harmonic analysis
steam hammer effects, 24, 97–98steam turbine trip load, 403–6See also occasional stress; sustained stress
steam, superheated, critical pressure ratio, 393steam turbines
mechanical drives, 296allowable for combined resultant loads, 297–98allowable loads at individual connections, 296–97piping layout strategy, 298–300
power plants, 295–96trip load, 403–6
stiffening rings, stresses at, 184–85, 187–88, 189–90stiffness coefficient, 53stop gaps, 26stops, 155straight pipe, pressure design, 102–4straight pipe beam elements, 68strain, 33–34
elastic relationship with stress, 36–37stratification of flow, 361–63stress amplitude, 13stress corrosion failures, 19stress indices, 119, 126stress intensification factor. See SIFstress intensity, 52, 126
alternating, 129calculation in Code, 115
stress reduction provisions, for cold temperature, 12stress–strain curve, 34stresses
at skewed plane, 35–36calculation of, 33–34due to forces, 47–48due to internal pressure, 45–47due to moments, 40–44, 48elastic relationship with strain, 36–37multi-dimensiona, 49–53of piping components, 113–17
Strouhal number, 438structural analysis, 113struts, 154stub-in connection. See un-reinforced fabricated
teesuction standpipes, 319suddenly applied load, 374–75support spring constant. See spring ratessupports, 152–53
terminology, 151, 166
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Index 485
supports and restraintsdetails in project specification, 29–30device terminology, 151–57friction
centrifugal compressors, 312effects, 172–74including in analysis, 174–76inclusion in owner’s design specification, 28industry practice, 25–26methods of reducing, 176–78types, 172
integral support attachmentsanalysis methods, 194Kellogg’s choking model, 198–202power boiler formula, 194–98WRC-107, 202–5
large pipes, 178–79choice of support type, 190–92Roark’s saddle, 179–80Schorer’s ring girder, 180–85Zick’s saddle, 185–90
spacing, 152–59stiffness and displacement, 205–6
surge bottles, 315–16. See also gas-filled surge chamberssustained loads
inclusion in owner’s design specification, 28stress intensification factors (SIFS), 25, 70–71
sustained stress, 113, 117–19system engineers, role in piping design process, 1
Ttank settlement, 281Teflon, sliding plates, 177temperature
design, 29, 93flexibility, 29, 93operating, 29
temperature, and brittleness, 11–12temperature gradient, across pipe wall, 95temperature loadings, Code, 93–95tensile strength, 33–34terminal connections, 8tertiary stage creep, 15test pressure, Code, 93test stress, Code, 93thermal bowing
created by a tiny line, 364–65displacement and stress produced, 357–59occurrences of, 357, 360–64See also bowing temperature
thermal discontinuity, 95thermal expansion
allowable stress range, 13, 71–76, 129, 332, 334as self-limiting stress, 66–67calculation in Code, 121–24
forces and stresses, 61straight pipes, 61–63See also local thermal stresses
rates for, 463support friction, 172wall thickness and, 65
thermal gradient stresses, 24through-run moment components, 131–32tie-rods, problems with expansion joints, 242–43time-history analysis, 446
damping, 446–48example analysis, 451–56integration schemes, 448–50time step, stability, and accuracy, 450–51
torsion moments, stresses due to, 43–44torsion stress, 115torsion stress intensification factor, 115torsional moment, use of catalog data for flexible
connections, 223torsional spring rate, 219total end force. See impulse functionTresca Stress. See stress intensitytripartite log-log graphs, 424trunnion shoes, 153tube bundle header connections, 9. See also stationary
equipment interfacestwo-dimensional stresses, 49–51
Uultimate strength, 9, 35un-insulated flange connections, 369un-intensified stress, 431un-reinforced fabricated tee (stub-in connection),
5, 8pressure design, 109, 111–12
under-tolerance, 6universal expansion joints, 230–32universal gas constant, 390unmatched small branch connections, 369–70
Vvalves, 5, 8
valve and flange data, 467–73See also safety valve relieving forces
variable spring hangersload setting, 168–69selection procedure, 163–65types and installation, 166–68
variable spring supports. See spring supportsvessel connections. See stationary equipment
interfacesvibration lines, 23vibration velocity
allowable, 436–37
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486 Index
measuring, 436See also steady-state vibration, allowable vibration
displacement and velocityvirtual anchor length, 336virtual anchor point, 336viscous damping, 382, 387–88von Mises Stress. See effective stressvortex shedding, 96–97
Wwater hammer effects, 24, 97–98. See also occasional
stress; reciprocating compressors and pumps, pulsation dampeners; sustained stress
weather effects, 95weight effects, 95weight grades, 6weld strength reduction factor, 6–7, 100–101welded connections, 6. See also contoured welded-on
branch connections; socket-welded connectionswelded-on branch connections, 5welded pipes, 6welding neck flanges, 5, 7welding tee. See forged welding teeWilson q method, 449wind load analysis
Code, 95
industry practice, 23nuclear piping, 126vortex shedding, 439See also occasional stress; sustained stress
working spring rate of below, 214–15WRC-107 stress evaluation, 202–5
Yyield point, 35yield strength, 35yield stress, 35Young’s modulus, 34
ZZick’s saddle, 185–90ZPA (zero period acceleration), 423
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