Appendix A Buckwalter Transliteration

Appendix ABuckwalter Transliteration

Table A.1 Arabic Letters with windows 1256, ISO 8859-6, and Unicode character encoding andcorresponding Buckwater transliteration

Letter Description Win. CP-1256 ISO 8859-6 Unicode Buckwalter

� Letter Hamza C1 C1 U+0621 ’�� Letter Alef, Madda above C2 C2 U+0622 |�� Letter Alef, Hamza above C3 C3 U+0623 >�� Letter Waw, Hamza above C4 C4 U+0624 &

�� Letter Alef, Hamza Below C5 C5 U+0625 <�� Letter Yeh, Hamza above C6 C6 U+0626 }

� Letter Alef C7 C7 U+0627 A

� Letter Beh C8 C8 U+0628 b� Letter Teh Marbuta C9 C9 U+0629 p� Letter Teh CA CA U+062A t�� Letter Theh CB CB U+062B v

Letter Jeem CC CC U+062C j

Letter Hah CD CD U+062D H

� Letter Khah CE CE U+062E x

� Letter Dal CF CF U+062F d�� Letter Thal D0 D0 U+0630 *

� Letter Reh D1 D1 U+0631 r�� Letter Zain D2 D2 U+0632 z

� Letter Seen D3 D3 U+0633 s�� Letter Sheen D4 D4 U+0634 $

� Letter Sad D5 D5 U+0635 S�� Letter Dad D6 D6 U+0636 D

� Letter Tah D8 D7 U+0637 T

M. Elmahdy et al., Novel Techniques for Dialectal Arabic Speech Recognition,DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1906-8, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012

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88 A Buckwalter Transliteration

Table A.1 (continued)

Letter Description Win. CP-1256 ISO 8859-6 Unicode Buckwalter

�� Letter Zah D9 D8 U+0638 Z

� Letter Ain DA D9 U+0639 E�� Letter Ghain DB DA U+063A g

_ Tatweel DC E0 U+0640 _�� Letter Feh DD E1 U+0641 f

� Letter Qaf DE E2 U+0642 q

� Letter Kaf DF E3 U+0643 k

� Letter Lam E1 E4 U+0644 l

� Letter Meem E3 E5 U+0645 m�� Letter Noon E4 E6 U+0646 n

� Letter Heh E5 E7 U+0647 h

� Letter Waw E6 E8 U+0648 w

� Letter Alef Maksura EC E9 U+0649 Y

�� Letter Yeh ED EA U+064A y�� Fathatan F0 EB U+064B F�� Dammatan F1 EC U+064C N

�� Kasratan F2 ED U+064D K � Fatha F3 EE U+064E a!� Damma F5 EF U+064F u

� Kasra F6 F0 U+0650 i"� Shadda F8 F1 U+0651 ∼#� Sukun FA F2 U+0652 o$� Letter Superscript Alef – – U+0670 ‘ � Letter Alef Wasla – – U+0671 {

�% Letter Peh 81 – U+067E P

% Letter Tcheh 8D – U+0686 J�� Letter Veh – – U+06A4 V

& Letter Gaf 90 – U+06AF G

Appendix BEgyptian Colloquial Arabic Lexicon

Table B.1 ECA corpus lexicon with Arabic othography, Buckwalter transliteration, and SAMPAphonetic transcription

Arabic Buckwalter SAMPA Arabic Buckwalter SAMPA

� � |h ?A: �� '()* � >bjdy ?abgadi

�'+ � >bdA ?abadan ,+�-+ � >bryl ?abri:l

.+ � >bw ?abu �/0�+ � >byD ?AbyAd’

- �12+ � <t<xr it?AxxAr�2 �3+ � <tfAq ?ittifa:?

-4�52 �0+ � <tnA$r ?itnA:SAr �67� �0+ � <tnyn ?itne:n

�2�+ � >vAr ?AsA:r� ��28 � >jAzp ?aga:za

-98� >Hmr ?AX\mAr 2 �01� <HnA ?iX\na

��20 �1� >xbArk ?AxbA:rAk -4�: �1� >xDr ?Axd’Ar

�� >d ?add�� <dArp ?idA:ra

;<� �� <*AEp ?iza:?\a �� <*n ?izn

=�+ �� <*nk ?iznak >�?�@�� >rADy ?ArA:d’i

;A+ �� >rbEp ?ArbA?\a -4�5 20A+ �� >rbEtA$r ?ArbA?\tA:SAr�67�A+ �� >rbEyn ?arbi?\i:n B+ �� >rbE ?ArbA?\

�� >rD ?Ard’ C �+�� >rnb ?arnab

�� <zAy izza:y�� >zrq ?azra?

=+� �� <zyk ?izzayyak -7�D�E2F� >sAnsyr ?AsAnse:r

'F� >sd ?asad;+��'�0GF� <skndryp ?iskindiriyya

��.F� >swAn ?AswA:n �.F� <swd ?iswid

�.0�F� >sywT ?asyu:t �2H �F� >$kAl ?aSka:l

�-G �F� >$krk aSkurak IJK�-G �F� >$krk(2) ?ASkurAk

- �3L� >Sfr ?As’fAr ,L� >Sl ?As’l��M<� <ElAn ?i?\la:n �2 �+M<� <ElAnAt ?i?\lA:na:t

,9<� >Eml ?a?\mil �20�<� >EyAd ?a?\ya:d


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90 B Egyptian Colloquial Arabic Lexicon

Table B.1 (continued)


NOD �<� >gsTs ?aGust’us 20� 3+�- �P � >fryqyA ?afriqya��20D�E2 �A �P � >fgAnstAn ?afGanista:n -+ .0Q � >ktwbr ?ukto:bAr

R� <lA illa;+�'()* R� Al<bjdyp il?abgadiyya

-98R� Al<Hmr il?AX\mAr B+ �R� Al<rbE lArbA?\��R� Al<rdn ?il?urdun >�?

�@�R� Al<rDy il?Ard’i�2 �3 �+R� Al<nfAq l?anfa:? �67� �0+R� Al<tnyn litne:n��2AFR� Al<sEAf il?is?\a:f -S0 T � AlbHr ?ilbAX\r

'U0 T � Albld ilbalad �M0T � AltlAt ittala:t

-+�� -(V*� AljzAyr ?iggaza:yir;AW(V*� AljmEp iggum?\a

'(V*� AlHd ilX\add;0� �3 �0(V*� AlHnfyp ilX\anafiyya

NX�W�(V*� Alxmys ilxami:s -7��(V*� Alxyr ilxe:r

�� -�+�'T � AldA}ry idda:?iri Y?5'T� Aldsm iddasam

�'T� Aldm iddamm ��'T� Aldwr ?iddo:r�6+�'T� Aldyn iddi:n

;<2DT� AlsAEp ?issa:?\aCX DT� Alsbt issabt

;ZMDT� AlslAmp ssala:ma

�MDT� AlslAm ?issala:mu NW �DT� Al$ms iSams;O�0 �DT� Al$nTp iSSAnt’a

;S[T� AlSHp is’s’iX\X\A\+�-OT� AlTryq ?it’t’Ari:? -] �OT� AlZhr id’d’uhr;0�+ -AT� AlErbyp il?\ArAbiyya �.WAT� AlEmwm l?\umu:m;P�- �AT � Algrdqp ?ilGarda?a

�̂ T � >lf ?alf

IJK �̂ T � >lf(2) ?alif;SD �3T � AlfsHp ilfusX\a

�67� �3T � >lfyn ?alfe:n�-_23T � AlqAhrp ?ilqA:hirA

-O3T� AlqTr ?il?At’r ;`T � Allh ?AllA:

IJK ;`T � Allh(2) ?AllA:h >�aT � Ally lli

IJK>�aT � Ally(2) ?illi��.F2bc � AlmAswrp ?ilmAsu:rA

20� �+ 2bc � >lmAnyA ?almanya�-bc � Almrp ?ilmArrA

;UH �Dbc � Alm$klp ilmuSkila � - �Abc � Almgrb ?ilmaGrib

�.Ubc � Almlwk lmulu:k �67�<�.bc � AlmwAEyn ?ilmawa?\i:n

�. �L.bc � AlmwDwE ilmAwd’u:?\ �2d �eT � AlnhAr innAhA:r

��2d �eT � AlnhArdh innAhArdA �.�0T � Alnwr innu:r

�-]T � Alhrm ?ilhArAm �.]T� Alhwl lho:lCP.T� Alwqt ilwa?t

; �3P.T� Alwqfp ilwa?fa�6Q 2Z� >mAkn ?ama:kin ��2Z� >mAn ?ama:n

�20Z� <mbArH imba:riX\ IJK �20Z � <mbArH(2) ?imba:riX\

2H+�-Z� >mrykA ?amri:ka 2 �+ � >nA ?ana;+ .0 �+ � >nbwbp ?anbu:bit ,_� >hl ?ahl

M_� >hlA ?ahlan ;U_� >hlh ?ahlu

B Egyptian Colloquial Arabic Lexicon 91



NX�+ .+�� >wtwbys ?utubi:s; �L�� >wDp ?o:d’it

�� >wl ?awwil >f�� >wlY ?u:la

�� >y ?ayy 20�T 2OE�� <yTAlyA ?it’Alya

;+�� <yh ?e: IJK ;+� � <yh(2) ?e:h

�.+�� >ywh ?aywa � 2+ bAb ba:b

=T2+ bAlk ba:lak �67 UT 2+ bAllbn billaban

��-7+ btrwl bitro:l ��2S �0X+ btnjAn bitinga:n

>��?A1 .0+ btwjEny btiwga?\ni ��2 3+-+ brtqAn burtu?a:n

Y?�F-+ brsym barsi:m�.P-+ brqwq bar?u:?

� �-+ bzr bizr;UDE bslp bisilla

,[E bSl bAs’Al Ng2OE bTATs bAt’A:t’is�67�g2OE bTATyn bAt’At’i:n

;0� �+ 2OE bTAnyp bAt’t’Aniyya�6OE bTn bAt’n >�

�?OE bTny bAt’ni

h0�OE bTyx bAt’t’i:x 'A+ bEd ba?\d

�6+�'A+ bEdyn ba?\de:n �/A+ bED bA?\d

=T23+ bqAlk ba?a:lak >�f23+ bqAly ba?a:li

N�E�'3+ bqdwns ba?du:nis�-3+ bqrp ba?ArA

�-G+ bkrh bukrA�-G+ bkrp bukrA

iU+ blH balaX\ �� 'U+ bldy baladi

�2 �0+ bnAt bana:t C �X+ bnt bint; �0+� �- �7+ bnzynp banzi:na �6+� �- �7+ bnzyn banzi:n��.UO�0+ bnTlwn bAnt’Alo:n �2 �0A �0+ bnEnAE bini?\na:?\

;+ bh bih ��2dj bhArAt buhArA:t;+ �.+ bwAbp bawwa:ba ��2()

*.+ bwtjAz butaga:z��.+ bwdrp budrA �� .+ bwry bu:ri;OF.+ bwsTp bust’a

;0�Q.+ bwkyp buke:h

>�?k0X�+ bybsy pepsi CX�+ byt be:t

� �-70�+ bytzA pitza 2 �[0�+ byDA be:d’a�/0�+ byD be:d’

; �[0�+ byDp be:d’A

2 �0X�+ bynA bi:na ' �82+ tAxd ta:xud��R2+ tAl|f tala:f >�

�l2+ tAny ta:ni

C()* tHt taX\t ,0�U()* tHlyl taX\li:l

�-Q �'+ t*krp tAzkArA� �-7�+ �-+ trAbyzp t’ArAbe:zA

IJK � �-7�+ �-+ trAbyzp(2) t’ArAbe:zit C X�+-+ trtyb tarti:b;<-+ trEp tir?\a BDE tsE tisa?\;ADE tsEp tis?\a -4�5 20ADE tsEtA$r tisa?\tA:SAr




;0�WADE tsEmyp tus?\umiyya C0�WADE tsEmyt tus?\umi:t�67�ADE tsEyn tis?\i:n

;U0�G �DE t$kylp taSki:la

i0[E tSbH tis’bAX\ =0A+ tEbk ta?\abak

�NX�A+ tEy$ ti?\i:S 2 �3+ tfAH tuffa:X\;12 �3+ tfAHp tuffa:X\a 20 +�-3+ tqrybA ta?ri:ban�M+ tlAt talat -4�52+M+ tlAtA$r tAlAttA:SAr;+M+ tlAtp tala:ta �67�+M+ tlAtyn talati:nCU+ tlt tilt

;0�W0U+ tltmyp tultumiyyaC0�W0U+ tltmyt tultumi:t

;0� �+ 2b m tmAnyp tamanya�67� �+ 2b m tmAnyn tamani:n ,0��0b

m tmvyl tamsi:l

2Db m tmsAH timsa:X\ �6b m tmn taman

-4�520 �0b m tmntA$r tAmAntA:SAr;0�W �0b m tmnmyp tumnumiyya

C0�W �0b m tmnmyt tumnumi:t ��2D �X+ tnsA$ tinsa:S

N�X+ tns tinis >��?UL.+ twSlny tiwAs’s’Alni

,0�+ tyl ti:l ;0�+ tyh tih

;�+ vh sih;0�+ ��28 jA*byp ga:zibiyya

�67�+�28 jAyyn gayyi:n -78 jbr gAbr; �001 jbnp gibna '+�'8 jdyd gidi:d�'+�'8 jdydp gidi:da �-1 jrAj gArA:Z

=T�-1 jrAlk gArA:lak -7�8 -1 jrjyr gargi:r

�-1 jrs gArAs �2 �+-1 jrnAl gurnA:l

�� -1 jzAr gAzza:r � �-1 jzr gAzAr;Z �-1 jzmp gazma

�-+� �-1 jzyrp gizi:ra��2A1 jEAn ga?\a:n

;OU8 jlTp gAlt’A

�� -7 98 jmbry gambari ,98 jml gamal

�.]98 jmhwr gumhu:r;+��.]98 jmhwryp gumhuriyyit

;0� �01 jnyp gine:; �P �.1 jwAfp gawa:fa

>�1 -_�.1 jwAhrjy gawahirgi �.1 jwrj ZorZ

�NX�1 jy$ ge:S Y?�1 jym gi:m

N�X0�1 jyns Zins ��.0�1 jyw$ guyu:S;1 28 HAjp X\a:ga �28 HAl X\a:l;01 Htp X\itta �-(1 Hjz X\agz

'8 Hd X\add -4�5 �'8 HdA$r X\idA:SAr��-1 Hrwf X\uru:f �� -1 HzAm X\iza:m

� 2D1 HsAb X\isa:b;0�F2D1 HsAsyp X\asasiyya

��2[1 HSAn X\us’A:n ,[1 HSl X\As’al;U �31 Hflp X\aflit

\1 Hq X\a??�M8 HlAq X\alla:? �298 HmAr X\umA:r




�298 HmAm X\amma:m ;`T'98 Hmdllh X\amdilla

;1 Hh hAh �67�T �.1 HwAlyn X\awa:le:n

>�f�.1 HwAly X\awa:li ��.1 HwD X\o:d

�2 �+ �.0�1 HywAnAt X\ayawa:na:t Yn*2 �8 xAtm xa:tim

>��l' �8 xdny xudni �.g- �1 xrTwm xart’u:m

C �D �1 x$b xaSab;0�L.[ �1 xSwSyp xus’us’iyya

�-4�: �1 xDrA xAd’rA �M �8 xlAT xAllA:t

>�a�8 xly xalli N9 �8 xms xamas

;D9 �8 xmsp xamsa -4�520D9 �8 xmstA$r xAmAstA:SAr;0�WD9 �8 xmsmyp xumsumiyya C0�WD9 �8 xmsmyt xumsumi:t�67�D9 �8 xmsyn xamsi:n ; �1 xh xAh

�. �1 xwx xo:x �20� �1 xyAr xiyA:r

-7� �8 xyr xe:r �� dA da

�� dAl da:l;bm�� dAymp dayma

;1 �� drjp dArAgA �� drws duru:s�.<� dEwp da?\wa

\+�2P� dqAyq da?a:yi?;30�P� dqyqp di?i:?a �.0Q� dktwr dukto:r

>�?P.T� dlwqty dilwa?ti -7WDE�� dysmbr disimbir

�� *Al za:l�� *rp dura

�� *y zayy ,8 �� rAjl ra:gil

;0�WA+ � rbEmyp rub?\umiyya C0�WA+ � rbEmyt rub?\umi:t

B+ � rbE rub?\ 2 �0+ � rbnA rAbbina;U8� rHlp riX\la

;[ �1� rxSp ruxs’it�� rz ruzz �2L� rSAS rus’A:s’

�̂ 0� �<� rgyf riGi:f �� 2Z� rmAdy rumA:di

�� rh rih >�o�� rwmy ru:mi; �L2+�� ryADp riyA:d’A

�'+ �� zbdp zibda;<�� zrAEp zirA:?\A >�<�� zrAEy zirA:?\i��M< �� zElAn za?\la:n

��2+� �� zyAdp ziya:da��2+� �� zyArp ziyA:rA =+�2+� �� zyArtk ziyArtakC+� �� zyt ze:t ��.0+� �� zytwn zatu:n

�-+� �� zyrw zi:ru �6+� �� zyn ze:n��2F sAdp sa:da

;AP2F sAqEp sa??\a;120F sbAHp siba:X\a p) �* 20F sbAnx saba:nix

C X F sbb sabab -7W0X F sbtmbr sibtimbir

B0F sbE saba?\;A0F sbEp sab?\a




-4�520A0F sbEtA$r sAbA?\tA:SAr;0�WA0F sbEmyp sub?\umiyya

C0�WA0F sbEmyt sub?\umi:t �67�A0F sbEyn sab?\i:n

-4�520F stA$r sittA:SAr CF st sit;0F stp sitta

;0�W0F stmyp suttumiyyaC0�W0F stmyt suttumi:t �67�0F styn sitti:n�6(q5 sjn sign

; �0 �(q5 sxnp suxna�-45 srp surrA -AF sEr si?\r�'0�AF sEydp sa?\i:da

�- �3F sfrp sufra-7� �3F sfyr safi:r -GF skr sukkar

=0ZMF slAmtk salamtak CSbr5 smHt samaX\t

Y?kbr5 smsm simsim =br5 smk samak;Gbr5 smkp samaka �67� �0F snyn sini:n��.F swAq sawwa:?

;P�.F swAqp siwa:?a

>��l ��.F swdAny suda:ni 2+��.F swryA surya

�67�F syn si:n ��2 �F $ArE Sa:ri?\

>�o2 �F $Amy Sa:mi �� 2 �F $Ay Sa:y�-(q

�5 $jrp SAgarA ;0 �3 �F $fth Suftu;3 �F $qp Sa??a -G �F $kr Sukr

�-G �F $krA SukrAn ,H �F $kl Sakl

Nbr�5 $ms Sams;0�Dbr�5 $msyp Samsiyya

;Abr�5 $mEp Sam?\a;O�0 �F $nTp SAnt’A

��2de�5 $hAdp Siha:dit;+� �. �F $wAyp Sawwa:ya

;+ �. �F $wrbp Surba;Q. �F $wkp So:ka

;+�. �F $wyp Swayya �67� �F $yn Si:n��.+ 2L SAbwn s’Abu:n �2L SAd s’A:d��.T2L SAlwn s’alo:n 20L SbAH s’AbA:X\

- �3L Sfr s’ifr��'�0L Sndwq sandu:?

�.L Swt s’o:t �2 �L DAd d’A:d

s �A �L DgT d’AGt’\0g Tbq t’AbA?

>�? g Tby t’ibbi;0�WAg TEmyp t’A?\miyya

;+�2 �3g TfAyp t’AffA:ya tg2Wg TmATm t’AmA:t’im

.Wg TmwH t’umu:X\ ;g Th t’Ah;+ .g Twbp t’u:bA �.g Twl t’u:l��20�g TyArp t’AyyA:rA ��-7�g TyrAn t’AyArA:n

; �g Zh D’Ah��2< EArf ?\a:rif

;()*�-T2< EAlryHp ?\arri:X\a;ZMDT2< EAlslAmp ?\assala:ma

C 0�S < Ejyb ?\agi:b �'< Eds ?\ads




>�l -< Erby ?\ArAbi �20�+ -< ErbyAt ?\ArAbiyya:t;0�+ -< Erbyp ?\ArAbiyya IJK ;0�+ -< Erbyp(2) ?\ArAbiyyit

,D< Esl ?\asal -4�k< E$r ?\ASAr�-4�k< E$rp ?\ASA:rA �6+�-4�k< E$ryn ?\iSri:n-7� �P2[< ESAfyr ?\As’Afi:r

��. �3[< ESfwrp ?\As’fu:rA-7�[< ESyr ?\As’i:r �2 �O< EZAm ?\iD’A:m

>�a3< Eqly ?\a?li

;0 U< Elbp ?\ilbit

>a< ElY ?\ala .G0�U< Elykw ?\ale:ku

�� -9< Emry ?\umri �6< En ?\an

C �0< Enb ?\inab �'�0< Endk ?\andak�.0G�0< Enkbwt ?\ankabu:t ��. �0< EnwAn ?\inwA:n

'0�< Eyd ?\i:d �NX�< Ey$ ?\e:S�67�< Eyn ?\e:n � �- �< grwb Guru:b

-7� �< gyr Ge:r 2_-7� �< gyrhA Gerha�67� �< gyn Ge:n C+2 �P fAtt fa:tit

20�T.L2 �P fASwlyA fAs’ulya , �L2 �P fADl fA:d’il;0� �L2 �P fADyp fAd’ya C U3T2 �P fAlqlb fil?alb

-+��-7 �P fbrAyr fibrA:yir ��- �P frAx fira:x

,Z�- �P frAml fArA:mil; �1- �P frxp farxa

;L- �P frSp furs’A 2D�E- �P frnsA fArAnsA; �[ �P fDp fAd’d’A =U �[ �P fDlk fAd’lAk

B0� �O �P fZyE faD’i:?\ , �PM �P flAfl fala:fil

, �3U �P flfl filfil �.U �P flws filu:s

; �P fh fih ��. �P ��. �P fwdAfwn vodafon�. �P fwq fo:? �. �P fwl fu:l

>��P fy fi � �-7� �P fyzA vi:za

M0� �P fylA villa Ya0��P fylm film

.�00� �P fynw fi:nu��2P qAf qA:f

��. �+2P qAnwn qAnu:n ,0 P qbl ?abl

Yn*�'P qdym ?adi:m ��-P qrAr qArA:r

�-P qrd ?ird;+�-P qryp qAryA

�NE�-P qry$ ?ari:S;OP qTp ?ut’t’A

�6OP qTn ?ut’n; �0OP qTnp ?ut’nA

C UP qlb ?alb YaP qlm ?alam

i9P qmH ?amX\ -9P qmr ?AmAr�.]P qhwp ?ahwa

;W0�P qymp ?i:ma��2u kAf ka:f �2u kAm ka:m




,Z2u kAml ka:mil ��2u kAn ka:n�'0Q kbdp kibda C+�-7Q kbryt kabri:t

� 20Q ktAb kita:b �.G0Q ktkwt katku:t

� �'Q kdAb kadda:b �'Q kdh kida�'Q kdp kida ��2WQ kmAn kama:n;0 �0Q knbp kanaba �' �0Q kndA kanada��'�0Q kndwz kandu:z �2+ -]Q khrbA’ kAhrAbA

�� -+ .Q kwbry kubri��.Q kwrp ko:rA

;F.Q kwsp ko:sa NX�Q kys ki:s

= �30�Q kyfk ke:fak R l< la?

�R l<A la?a � ��R lAzm la:zim

�R lAm la:m �67 T lbn laban;W(V lHmp laX\ma

;O3T lqTp lu?t’a;0 bc lmbp lAmbA .T lw law

20�+ .T lwbyA lubya;1.T lwHp lo:X\a

20�T lyA liyya;U0�T lylp le:la

��.W0�T lymwn lamu:n 2Z mA ma

��2Z mArs ma:ris =T2Z mAlk ma:lak��.T2Z mAlw$ malu:S �NX�T2Z mAly$ mali:S

;()�* 2Z mAnjp manga .+�2Z mAyw ma:yu

�-7Z mtrw mitru sF.0Z mtwsT mutAwAssit��. �0(o mjnwn magnu:n �.](o mjhwl maghu:l

C F2(o mHAsb muX\a:sib >�o2(o mHAmy muX\a:mi

��'(o mHd$ maX\addS;O(o mHTp mAX\At’t’it

�-W(o mHmrp miX\AmmAra ��'�(o mxdrAt muxAddArA:t

NZ'Z mdms midammis;+� �-Z mrAyp mira:ya

;g.+ -Z mrbwTp mArbu:t’A�-Z mrp mArrA

C +-Z mrtb murattab �2DZ msA’ masa:?�'<2DZ msAEdp musa?\da v �3 �DXDZ mst$fY mustaSfa

� - �A0DZ mstgrb mistAGrAb��'DZ msdwdp masdu:da

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�NZ m$ miS �NW �DZ m$m$ miSmiS

�� . �DZ m$wy maSwi;+�. �DZ m$wyp maSwiyya

-4:Z mSr mAs’r � -4�:Z mDrb mAd’rAb

�2OZ mTAr mAt’A:r h0OZ mTbx mAt’bAx

tAOZ mTEm mAt’?\Am BZ mE ma?\a

�2AZ mEAk ma?\a:k 2+�2AZ mEAyA ma?\a:ya;0� �+'AZ mEdnyp ma?\daniyya �.3AZ mEqwl ma?\?u:l




;3UAZ mElqp ma?\la?a IJK ;3UAZ mElqp(2) ma?\la?it��-Z2 �AZ mgAmrAt muGAmrA:t 20 �3Z mftAH mufta:X\

, �3U �3Z mflfl mefalfel �NX� �3Z mfy$ mafi:S

>�a3Z mqly ma?li ��2HZ mkAn maka:n

; �+�-GZ mkrwnp mAkAro:na��.DGZ mkswf maksu:f

�.GZ mkwp makwa >�1 .GZ mkwjy makwagi

iUZ mlH malX\;U�0wx mmvlp mumassila

�6Gwx mmkn mumkin �6Z mn min

,+�'�0Z mndyl mandi:l;3O�0Z mnTqp mAnt’i?a

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�M0�Z mylAd mila:d Y?�Z mym mi:m

' �82 �+ nAxd na:xud �� 2 �+ nAdy na:di

�2�+ nAs na:s Yn*�2 �+ nAym na:yim

,() �* nHl naX\l �2 �D�E n$AT nASA:t;S0�[�E nSyHp nAs’i:X\a

��2 �O �E nZArp nAd’d’A:rA

tA�+ nEm na?\am �2 �0A �+ nEnAE ni?\na:?

N �3�+ nfs nafs;O3 �+ nqTp nu?t’it

,b �m nml naml;Ub �m nmlp namla

-7 9�P. �+ nwfmbr nuvimbir �.�+ nwm no:m

��. �+ nwn nu:n ��.0� �+ nywn niyo:n� �-W_ hmzp hamza 2 �0_ hnA hina;F'�0_ hndsp handasa ;_ hh hih;A+ �� w<rbEp w?ArbA?\a -4�520A+ �� w<rbEtA$r w?ArbA?\tA:SAr�67�A+ �� w<rbEyn w?arbi?\i:n -4�52 �0+ �� w<tnA$r w?itnA:SAr�67� �0+ �� w<tnyn w?itne:n C�+�� w<nt winta

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�� wAw wA:w ' �82+� wtAxd wita:xud;ADE� wtsEp wtis?\a -4�520ADE� wtsEtA$r wtisa?\tA:SAr;0�WADE� wtsEmyp wtus?\umiyya �67�ADE� wtsEyn wtis?\i:n

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;0� �+ 2b m� wtmAnyp wtamanya




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y)*� �� wrAyH wrA:yiX\ B+ �� wrbE wrub?\;0�WA+ �� wrbEmyp wrub?\umiyya �� wrd ward;P�� wrqp wara?a

;A0F� wsbEp wsab?\a

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; �F� w$h wiSSu �.L� wSwl wus’u:l�-4�k<� wE$rp w?\ASA:rA �6+�-4�k<� wE$ryn w?\iSri:n

'T� wld walad;0�Z� wmyp wmiyya

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'8�� wwAHd wwa:X\id 2Z2+� yAmA yama

=+�'+� ydyk yiddi:k =WUDE� yslmk ysallimak

>��?A+� yEny ya?\ni ,D �A+� ygsl yiGsil

;U+� ylh yAllA -+�2 �0+� ynAyr yana:yir��.D �X+� ynswn yansu:n ;+� yh yih

=3 �P.+� ywfqk ywaffa?ak ;0�T.+� ywlyh yulya

.0�T.+� ywlyw yulyu �.+� ywm yo:m

;0� �+.+� ywnyh yunya .0� �+.+� ywnyw yunyu

Appendix CSeinnheiser ME-3 Specifications

Seinnheiser ME-3 is a headset microphone of exceptional sound quality, the ME 3is intended for music and speech applications. The super-cardioid condenser designoffers excellent feedback rejection.

Table C.1 Specifications ofthe Seinnheiser ME-3microphone

AF sensitivity 1.6 mV/PaMax. sound pressure level (active) 150 dBPick-up pattern Super-cardioidTransducer principle Electret condenser

Fig. C.1 Polar diagram for Seinnheiser ME-3


99

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100 C Seinnheiser ME-3 Specifications

Fig. C.2 Frequency response curve for Seinnheiser ME-3

Appendix DBuddy 6G USB Specifications

The Buddy 6G USB adapter manufacured by InSync speech Technologies, Inc. isbased on the Micronas UAC3556b microchip. It has a built-in high-quality soundcard, which replaces a desktop or laptop computer’s sound card for high perfor-mance speech sound input and output. It offers full duplex operation for connectionwith microphone and speakers that is especially well suited to speech recognitionapplications.

Table D.1 Specifications of the Buddy 6G USB adapter based on the Micronas UAC3556b mi-croship

Microphone Supports 8/16 bit mono recording at 6.4 kHz to 48 kHz, sensitivity−54 ± 4 dB impedance < 650 Ohms.

Speaker Output Supports 16/24 bit mono/stereo at 6.4 kHz to 48 kHz. Includes alow power stereo amplifier.

Signal to Noise Ratio SNR is typically −92 dB for A/D (recording) and −96 dB for D/A(playback).

Total Harmonic Distortion THD is better than −90 dB for both A/D (recording) and D/A(playback).

Power Self powered from USB bus with less than 100 mA current at 5VDC.

Operating Temperature Minimum −10°C (14°F), maximum 70°C (158°F).

Storage Temperature Minimum −40°C (−40°F), maximum 75°C (167°F).


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Index

AArabic Chat Alphabet, 5, 71

BBayes rule, 8Buckwalter, 25, 72, 87

CClassical Arabic, 13, 17Context dependent acoustic model, 9Context independent acoustic model, 9

DData pooling, 39, 61Diacritization, 3, 19, 20, 25, 53, 55, 71Dialectal Arabic, 4, 13, 18, 27, 29, 33, 54, 63Diglossia, 1Distinct tri-phones coverage, 27

EEgyptian Colloquial Arabic, 18, 25, 27, 33–35,

60, 72Emphatic phonemes, 15, 35

FFussha, 15

GGaussian, 57Gaussian mixture model, 10, 33, 42, 73Grapheme-to-phoneme, 19, 23, 32Graphemic Acoustic Modeling, 53Graphemic lexicon, 55

HHidden Markov Model, 9, 33–35, 42, 55, 56,

73

IIPA, 17, 30, 73, 79, 80

LLevantine colloquial Arabic, 25, 30, 67Lexicon, 10, 29, 55

MMaximum A-Posteriori, 42, 43Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression, 42,

43MFCC, 7, 34, 57Modern standard Arabic, 1, 2, 4, 13, 15, 25Morphological analyzer, 25Morphological complexity, 19Multilingual acoustic model, 35, 60

NN-gram, 8, 46, 49

OOut-of-vocabulary, 2, 19, 71

PPhoneme set, 30Phoneme sets normalization, 36Phonemic acoustic modeling, 33Phonetic transcription, 15, 19, 71

QQuran, 17


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110 Index

RReal Time Factor, 47

SSAMPA, 15, 17, 20, 26, 73, 79, 80, 87Spelling variants, 63State tying, 9Supervised adaptation, 41, 61

TText-To-Speech, 20Tied-states, 9, 34, 39, 57, 74

UUnicode, 87Unsupervised adaptation, 44, 63

Appendix A Buckwalter Transliteration

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Transcript of Appendix A Buckwalter Transliteration