APPENDIX 1 · ESSAR BULK TERMINAL LIMITED Marine Environmental Evaluation for Development of LNG...

APPENDIX 1

ESSAR BULK TERMINAL

LIMITED

Marine Environmental Evaluation for Development of LNG Terminal at Hajira, Gujarat

OCTOBER 2018

CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute

Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar – 364002

Kadam Environmental Consultants w w w . ka d a m en v i r o . c o m

E n v i r o n m e n t f o r D e v e l o p m e n t

http://www.kadamenviro.com/

ESSAR BULK TERMINAL LTD.

MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION FOR

PROPOSED LNG TERMINAL AT HAJIRA, GUJARAT QUALITY CONTROL

CSIR-CENTRAL SALT AND MARINE CHEMICALS RESEARCH INSTITUTE

KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | OCTOBER 2018 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND .............................................................................................. 12

1.1 Purpose of the report ........................................................................................................................ 12

1.2 Identification of project proponent and project .................................................................................... 12

1.2.1 About project proponent .............................................................................................................. 12

1.2.2 About the project ........................................................................................................................ 12

1.3 Brief description of the project ........................................................................................................... 13

1.3.1 Nature of project ......................................................................................................................... 13

1.3.2 Products & its capacity ................................................................................................................. 13

1.3.3 Location...................................................................................................................................... 13

1.4 Scope of the Study ............................................................................................................................ 13

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................. 15

2.1 Type of project ................................................................................................................................. 15

2.2 Need for the project .......................................................................................................................... 15

2.3 Location (maps showing general location, specific location, project boundary & project site layout) ......... 16

2.3.1 General location of the site........................................................................................................... 16

2.3.2 Specific location of site & project boundary ................................................................................... 16

2.3.3 Approach and connectivity to facility ............................................................................................. 19

2.4 Size or magnitude of operation ........................................................................................................... 19

2.4.1 Land distribution at site ............................................................................................................... 19

2.4.2 Magnitude of site......................................................................................................................... 24

2.5 Proposed schedule for approval and implementation ............................................................................ 24

2.6 Brief description of the project ........................................................................................................... 24

2.6.1 Development of FSU and land based LNG terminal ......................................................................... 24

2.6.2 Details of project ......................................................................................................................... 25

2.6.3 LNG storage facilities ................................................................................................................... 25

2.7 Associated utilities facilities ................................................................................................................ 29

2.7.1 Power requirement ...................................................................................................................... 29

2.7.2 Emissions details ......................................................................................................................... 29

2.7.3 Details of water and wastewater ................................................................................................... 29

2.7.4 Details of proposed sewage treatment plant at terminal area .......................................................... 34

2.7.5 Fuel gas ...................................................................................................................................... 35

2.7.6 Nitrogen ..................................................................................................................................... 35






2.7.7 Instrument air & plant air ............................................................................................................. 36

2.7.8 Diesel oil ..................................................................................................................................... 36

2.7.9 Flare system ............................................................................................................................... 36

2.7.10 Solid and hazardous waste identification, quantification, collection, transportation and disposal ........ 37

2.7.11 Other effluents ............................................................................................................................ 38

2.7.12 Export possibility ......................................................................................................................... 39

2.7.13 Employment generation (direct and indirect) ................................................................................. 39

2.8 Cost of the project............................................................................................................................. 39

3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................... 40

3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 40

3.2 Baseline environmental quality ........................................................................................................... 40

3.2.1 Primary data collection ................................................................................................................. 40

3.2.2 Description of Gulf of Khambhat and EBTL Hajira channel .............................................................. 43

3.2.3 Marine environment ..................................................................................................................... 44

3.2.4 Water ......................................................................................................................................... 50

3.2.5 Sediments ................................................................................................................................... 65

3.2.6 Marine ecology ............................................................................................................................ 72

4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES......................................... 83

4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 83

4.2 Impact assessment methodology ........................................................................................................ 83

4.2.1 Key definitions ............................................................................................................................ 83

4.2.2 Identification of impacts ............................................................................................................... 83

4.3 Identification of impacting activities for the proposed project................................................................ 84

4.3.1 Water environment ...................................................................................................................... 85

4.3.2 Sediment environment ................................................................................................................. 86

4.3.3 Air Environment .......................................................................................................................... 86

4.3.4 Flora & fauna .............................................................................................................................. 86

5 Environmental Monitoring Program ............................................................................................... 88

5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 88

5.2 Objective of monitoring ..................................................................................................................... 88

5.3 Environmental monitoring programme ................................................................................................ 89

5.4 Regulatory Framework ....................................................................................................................... 91

6 Additional Studies .......................................................................................................................... 92

6.1 Numerical modelling study ................................................................................................................. 92






6.1.1 Model setup ................................................................................................................................ 92

6.1.2 Hydrodynamic Model ................................................................................................................... 95

6.1.3 Inferences and conclusion from hydrodynamics simulation ............................................................. 99

6.2 Shoreline changes ........................................................................................................................... 110

7 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) ...................................................................................... 116

7.1 Purpose .......................................................................................................................................... 116

7.2 Water environment .......................................................................................................................... 117

7.4 Sediment Environment ..................................................................................................................... 118

7.5 Biological Environment ..................................................................................................................... 118

8 Summary and conclusion ............................................................................................................. 121

8.1 Introduction & background .............................................................................................................. 121

8.2 Project description ........................................................................................................................... 121

8.3 Description of the environment ........................................................................................................ 121

8.3.1 Bathymetry ............................................................................................................................... 121

8.3.2 Wind ........................................................................................................................................ 121

8.3.3 Tide ......................................................................................................................................... 121

8.3.4 Current ..................................................................................................................................... 122

8.3.5 Water, Sediment and Flora Fauna ............................................................................................... 122

8.4 Environmental impact identification, prediction and mitigation measures ............................................. 123

8.4.1 Water environment .................................................................................................................... 123

8.4.2 Sediment environment ............................................................................................................... 124

8.4.3 Air Environment ........................................................................................................................ 124

8.4.4 Flora & fauna ............................................................................................................................ 124

8.5 Additional studies ............................................................................................................................ 125

8.5.1 Hydrodynamic modelling ............................................................................................................ 125

8.5.2 Oil spill ..................................................................................................................................... 125

8.5.3 Shoreline change ....................................................................................................................... 125

8.6 Environmental management plan ..................................................................................................... 126

9 Disclosure of Consultants ............................................................................................................. 127

9.1 Team members of Central Salt & Marine Environment Research Institute (CSMCRI) & Kadam

Environmental Consultants (KEC) ............................................................................................................... 127



PROPOSED LNG TERMINAL AT HAJIRA, GUJARAT PROJECT DESCRIPTION



LIST OF ATTACHMENT

Attachment 1: Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan ........................................................................................... 129

Attachment 2: Ship Tranquillity Study ............................................................................................................ 130






LIST OF TABLES

Table 2-1: Area statement of site ..................................................................................................................... 19

Table 2-2: Project implementation schedule ..................................................................................................... 24

Table 2-3: Land based storage tank details ...................................................................................................... 26

Table 2-4: Floating storage unit details ............................................................................................................ 26

Table 2-5: Type of LNGCs and their dimensions ................................................................................................ 26

Table 2-6: Unloading arm details ..................................................................................................................... 26

Table 2-7: Pipeline details ............................................................................................................................... 27

Table 2-8: Road gantry details ......................................................................................................................... 27

Table 2-9: Chemical Properties ........................................................................................................................ 28

Table 2-10: BOG parameters at RU skid battery limit ......................................................................................... 29

Table 2-11: Temperature and pressure conditions of service and fire water ........................................................ 29

Table 2-12: Temperature and pressure conditions of potable water .................................................................... 30

Table 2-13: Temperature and pressure conditions of fresh water at terminal battery limit .................................... 30

Table 2-14: Quality of freshwater .................................................................................................................... 30

Table 2-15: Water consumption and wastewater generation details ................................................................... 31

Table 2-16: Design inlet & outlet characteristics of STP ..................................................................................... 34

Table 2-17: List of STP units with capacity & adequacy ..................................................................................... 34

Table 2-18: Temperature & pressure of nitrogen .............................................................................................. 36

Table 2-19: Details of instrument air & plant air ................................................................................................ 36

Table 2-20: Temperature & pressure of diesel oil .............................................................................................. 36

Table 2-21: Hazardous waste generation .......................................................................................................... 37

Table 2-22: Other solid wastes ........................................................................................................................ 38

Table 3-1: Tidal condition................................................................................................................................ 48

Table 3-2: Analysis method for marine water .................................................................................................... 51

Table 3-3: High Tide (Surface Water) during winter 2018 .................................................................................. 51

Table 3-4: High tide (bottom water) during winter 2018 .................................................................................... 52

Table 3-5: Low tide (surface water) during winter 2018 .................................................................................... 53

Table 3-6: Low tide (Bottom Water) during winter 2018 .................................................................................... 53

Table 3-7: Sediment analysis ........................................................................................................................... 65

Table 3-8: Sediment heavy metals analysis (all analysis was done with 1 g dry wt. of sediment) .......................... 66

Table 3-9: Observed benthic fauna in marine sediments .................................................................................... 74

Table 3-10: Pigments in High Tide (Surface Water) during winter 2018 .............................................................. 75






Table 3-11: Pigments in High Tide (Bottom Water) during winter 2018 ............................................................... 76

Table 3-12: Pigments in Low Tide (Surface Water) during winter 2018 ............................................................... 76

Table 3-13: Pigments in Low Tide (Bottom Water) during winter 2018 ............................................................... 76

Table 3-14: Both phytoplankton and zooplankton collected from different sampling stations ................................ 76

Table 3-15: Microbiology of seawater (high tide) during winter 2018 .................................................................. 77

Table 3-16: Microbiology of seawater (low tide) during winter 2018 ................................................................... 78

Table 3-17: Microbiology of sediments (High Tide) during winter 2018 ............................................................... 78

Table 3-18: Microbiology of sediments (Low Tide) during winter 2018 ................................................................ 78

Table 3-19: Marine fish production for the year 2016-17 ................................................................................... 79

Table 3-20: Marine fish production for the year 2016-17 ................................................................................... 79

Table 4-1: Environmental impact and mitigation measures ................................................................................ 84

Table 5-1: Marine environmental monitoring programme ................................................................................... 89

Table 6-1: Tidal constituents at ADCP observation ............................................................................................ 92

Table 6-2: Current analysis for ADCP location ................................................................................................... 93

Table 7-1: Environmental management plan for water environment ................................................................. 117

Table 7-2: Environmental management plan for soil environment .................................................................... 118

Table 7-3: Environment management plan for biological environment .............................................................. 118

Table 8-1: Tide condition .............................................................................................................................. 121






LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2-1: General location map of the project site .......................................................................................... 17

Figure 2-2: Specific site location on satellite image ............................................................................................ 18

Figure 2-3: Existing port layout map ................................................................................................................ 20

Figure 2-4: Site layout map ............................................................................................................................. 21

Figure 2-5: Storm Water Network .................................................................................................................... 22

Figure 2-6: Unloading and regasification facilities process flow ........................................................................... 25

Figure 2-7: Water balance diagram .................................................................................................................. 33

Figure 2-8: Process block diagram of proposed STP .......................................................................................... 35

Figure 3-1: Sampling location map – marine environment.................................................................................. 42

Figure 3-2: Tapi estuary and Mindola creek ...................................................................................................... 43

Figure 3-3: NHO Chart number 2108 ................................................................................................................ 45

Figure 3-4: Bathymetry Chart of EBTL, Hajira channel ....................................................................................... 46

Figure 3-5: Offshore wind rose ........................................................................................................................ 47

Figure 3-6: Tide level ...................................................................................................................................... 48

Figure 3-7: Current measurement at different levels of water column ................................................................. 49

Figure 3-8: Current magnitudes in m/sec ......................................................................................................... 49

Figure 3-9: Seawater temperature measured at different stations ...................................................................... 55

Figure 3-10: Seawater pH measured at different stations .................................................................................. 55

Figure 3-11: TSS level at different stations ....................................................................................................... 56

Figure 3-12: Salinity level measured at different stations ................................................................................... 56

Figure 3-13: DO level measure at different stations ........................................................................................... 57

Figure 3-14: BOD level measured at different stations ....................................................................................... 58

Figure 3-15: PHc level measured at different stations ........................................................................................ 58

Figure 3-16: Phenol level measured at different stations .................................................................................... 59

Figure 3-17: Phosphate level measured at different stations .............................................................................. 60

Figure 3-18: Nitrate level measured at different stations .................................................................................... 60

Figure 3-19: Nitrite level measured at different stations ..................................................................................... 61

Figure 3-20: Ammonia level measured at different stations ................................................................................ 61

Figure 3-21: Cr concentration in water sample measured at different stations ..................................................... 62

Figure 3-22: Fe concentration in water sample measured at different stations ..................................................... 62

Figure 3-23: Ni concentration in water sample measured at different stations ..................................................... 63

Figure 3-24: Cu concentration in water sample measured at different stations .................................................... 63






Figure 3-25: Zn concentration in water sample measured at different stations .................................................... 64

Figure 3-26: Cd concentration in water sample measured at different stations .................................................... 64

Figure 3-27: Pb concentration in water sample measured at different stations .................................................... 65

Figure 3-28: Cu concentration in sediment sample measured at different stations ............................................... 67

Figure 3-29: Ni concentration in sediment sample measured at different stations ................................................ 67

Figure 3-30: Al concentration in sediment sample measured at different stations ................................................ 67

Figure 3-31: Cr concentration in sediment sample measured at different stations ................................................ 68

Figure 3-32: Mn concentration in sediment sample measured at different stations ............................................... 68

Figure 3-33: Zn concentration in sediment sample measured at different stations ............................................... 69

Figure 3-34: Co concentration in sediment sample measured at different stations ............................................... 69

Figure 3-35: Pb concentration in sediment sample measured at different stations ............................................... 70

Figure 3-36: Cd concentration in sediment sample measured at different stations ............................................... 70

Figure 3-37: Fe concentration in sediment sample measured at different stations ................................................ 71

Figure 3-38: Sand quality of different stations .................................................................................................. 71

Figure 3-39: Silt content in different stations .................................................................................................... 72

Figure 3-40: Clay content in different stations ................................................................................................... 72

Figure 3-41: Bivalve and gastropod shell collected from benthic samples ............................................................ 74

Figure 6-1: M2 Tidal ellipse ............................................................................................................................. 93

Figure 6-2: Comparison of observed and reconstructed current velocity .............................................................. 94

Figure 6-3 : Numerical model grid .................................................................................................................... 96

Figure 6-4: Bathymetry of the area (NHO CHARTS + Port Channel).................................................................... 96

Figure 6-5: Simulated water level .................................................................................................................... 97

Figure 6-6: Validation of Current speed ............................................................................................................ 97

Figure 6-7: Spatial view of spring current in the channel ................................................................................... 98

Figure 6-8: Spatial view of neap current in the channel ..................................................................................... 99

Figure 6-9: Fuel oil concentration at the beginning of the spill started during ebb tide ....................................... 101

Figure 6-10: Fuel oil concentration after one hour of the spill started during ebb tide ........................................ 102

Figure 6-11: Fuel oil concentration after 5 hours of the spill started during ebb tide .......................................... 103

Figure 6-12: Fuel oil concentration after 10 hours of the spill started during ebb tide ......................................... 104

Figure 6-13: Fuel oil concentration after 24 hours of the spill started during ebb tide ......................................... 105

Figure 6-14: Fuel oil concentration at the beginning of the spill started during flood tide.................................... 106

Figure 6-15: Fuel oil concentration after one hour of the spill which started during flood tide ............................. 107

Figure 6-16: Fuel oil concentration after 5 hour of the spill which started during flood tide................................. 108

Figure 6-17: Fuel oil concentration after 10 hour of the spill which started during flood tide ............................... 109






Figure 6-18: fuel oil concentration after 24 hour of the spill which started during flood tide ............................... 110

Figure 6-19: 2013 zero-contour line superimposed on NHO chart number 2108 ................................................ 112

Figure 6-20: 2015 zero-contour line superimposed on Google earth Image ....................................................... 113

Figure 6-21: 2016 zero-contour line superimposed on Google earth Image ....................................................... 114

Figure 6-22: Comparison of zero-contour lines corresponding to 2013 (blue), 2015 (green), 2016 (red) .............. 115

Figure 8-1: Tide level .................................................................................................................................... 122



PROPOSED LNG TERMINAL AT HAJIRA, GUJARAT DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT



1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

1.1 Purpose of the report

The proposed project is covered under project/ activity, 7(e) i.e. Ports, Harbours, Jetties, Marine Terminals,

Breakwaters and Dredging; also under Category A as per the schedule to the EIA Notification, 14th September 2006,

as amended till date. Hence, the project requires prior Environmental Clearance (EC) from the Ministry of

Environment, forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC).

As per the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) map prepared by National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), the

project site is partly falling in CRZ II, hence CRZ clearance is also required for the project as per the CRZ

Notification 2011 amended till date.

Hence the purpose of this Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report is to comply with the Terms of

References (ToR) issued by MoEF&CC attached as Annexure 1 and importantly, to identify environmental impacts

in a timely manner and seek EC cum CRZ clearance for the proposed project, following the due process of law laid

down in the EIA notification 2006 (amended till date) and CRZ Notification 2011 (amended till date).

1.2 Identification of project proponent and project

1.2.1 About project proponent

Essar Bulk Terminal Limited (EBTL) is operating a captive Deep Draft Terminal at Hajira under Magdalla port of

Gujarat Maritime Board (GMB). Presently EBTL is operating 1450 meters of deep draft berth with a 7 km long

navigation channel with a turning circle of 600 m for handling bulk and break bulk cargo. Construction of additional

200 m berth length is under progress.

The EC for these developments was granted by the MoEF&CC in September 2007. Subsequently, in December 2007

the MoEF&CC gave EC for reclamation of 350 ha of the intertidal area to accommodate back-up facilities for the

Port by utilizing dredged material generated in dredging the navigational channel, turning circle, berth pockets etc.

Thereafter in May 2014 EBTL received environment clearance for expansion of port facility by 4800 m berth.

Accordingly, EBTL has commissioned 550 m berth in May 2010, whereas construction of 1100 m was started in

January 2016 and out of which 900 m is completed in October 2018 and rest 200 m will be completed by March

2019.

Environment and CRZ clearance was received on 6th May 2014 for expansion of EBTL port facility envisages

development of 4800 m berth length with back up storage yard. Breakup of 4800 m berth length is as follows:

Container and Break Bulk Berth (1100 m), General Cargo (700 m ), Liquid Cargo (500 m ) for handling of petroleum

products and chemicals, Bulk Berth (700 m), Offshore support vessel berth (500 m), Dry Dock and ship repair jetty

(700 m ) and Trestle berth of 600 m. Along with that, EBTL has also received the permissions for extending the

navigational channel from 6.2 to 17.6 km and deepening from 8 m to 16 m with broadening to 300-350 m and

reclamation of 334 hectares of land.

1.2.2 About the project

EBTL is planning to handle Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) within 800 m berth starting from 100 m south of

operational 1150 m berth, LNG berth length will be ~400 m. Land required for the proposed project is ~17

hectares. GMB has already provided in principle allotment of 140 ha of Land to EBTL attached in Annexure 2.

Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane.






EBTL’s proposed LNG terminal will have a combination of floating and land based storage. Terminal will have

Regasification Unit (RU) to vaporize LNG into gas. LNG will be imported through LNG carrier and transferred to

Floating Storage Unit (FSU) through well-established ship to ship transfer mechanism using flexible hoses. Transfer

of LNG from FSU to the storage on land or RU will take place using fixed marine loading arms. LNG will be

regasified at RU using water or air. RU will be connected to gas grid through high pressure gas pipeline. In addition

to RU, road gantry facilities will be developed for transport of LNG in road tankers to end customers.

Essar Steel is presently operating a 10 MMTPA steel plant at Hajira. Out of this total capacity, 6.8 MMTPA of iron

making capacity is gas based which uses natural gas for reduction of iron ore to iron. Apart from Steel Plant, Essar

also has a 1015 MW gas based power plant at Hajira which requires gas. Total gas requirement of Essar for its steel

plant and power plant is 11 MMSCMD.

1.3 Brief description of the project

1.3.1 Nature of project

The proposed project will consist of storage tanks on land and floating storage unit of LNG within the existing Essar

Port boundary.

1.3.2 Products & its capacity

EBTL has envisaged to develop a 6 MMTPA LNG import terminal. LNG will be stored in a LNG carrier which will be

moored at jetty, this LNG carrier moored to jetty is referred as FSU. Apart from FSU there will be land based

storage as well. RU will be connected to the FSU/land based storage facilities through cryogenic pipeline and

unloading arms. FSU storage will be up to 266,000 cubic meter while land based storage facilities of 60,000 cubic

meter comprising of double walled atmospheric tank (~54,000 cbm capacity) and double walled pressurized bullets

(6 bullets of ~1,000 cbm each). Details for the same are provided in Chapter 2.

1.3.3 Location

The proposed site is located in existing Essar Port at Hajira Village, Surat District, Gujarat State. Detailed

coordinates of project site boundary are provided in Figure 2-2.

Photograph 1-1: Photographs showing the Project Site

Proposed Project Site

1.4 Scope of the Study

The scope of work for this EIA included collection of baseline data with respect to major marine environmental

components includes such as water, sediment, flora fauna and their interrelation for three seasons. Marine

environment related points of Terms of Reference are as follows:






Submit the status of shore line change at the project site.

Submit the details of fishing activity and likely impacts on the fishing activity due to the project. Specific study

on effects of construction activity and pile driving on marine life.

Details of oil spill contingency plan.

Details of bathymetry study.

Details of ship tranquility study.

A detailed analysis of the physico-chemical and biotic components in the highly turbid waters round the project

site (as exhibited in the Google map shown during the presentation), compare it with the physico- chemical

and biotic components in the adjacent clearer (blue) waters both in terms of baseline and impact assessment

and draw up a management plan.

Apart from the terrestrial and fresh water biodiversity surveys, a detailed marine, estuarine and creek impact

assessment report and management plan, as applicable, shall be drawn up through the NIOS or any other

institute of repute on marine ecology and biodiversity. The report, to cover activities at the port and also the

activities related to the proposed storage, shall study the intertidal biotopes, corals and coral communities, sea

grasses and seaweeds, sub tidal habitats, fishes and other marine flora and fauna including, turtles, birds and

marine animals inclusive of mammals. Data collection and impact assessment shall be as per standard survey

methods. Special mention shall be made of the difference in temperatures in the sea water through discharge

of used sea water.






2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

This chapter provides a condensed description of those aspects of the project likely to cause environmental effects.

Details are described in following sections with regards to type, need, location, size or magnitude of project

operations, technology and other related activities.

2.1 Type of project

The proposed project is of development of LNG Terminal at Tapi Estuary at Hajira, Gujarat as given in Section 1.1

& 1.2 of Chapter 1.

2.2 Need for the project

Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane. It is one of the

cleanest, safest, and most useful forms of energy in our day-to-day lives. It is an important source of energy for

power generation, industrial fuel requirements, feed for the fertilizer and also used as process material for various

industries like steel plant and petroleum refineries.

Natural gas has only a 6% share in total energy basket of India which is approximately one fourth of the world

average. India is keen to raise the share of natural gas in the primary energy basket to 15 % by 2030.

Approximately 50 percent of natural gas requirement is imported in the form of LNG. Considering the low

penetration of natural gas in the energy basket of India and dependence on LNG for availability of required natural

gas, India is a very prospective market for growth of LNG infrastructure, regasification and distribution market.

Natural gas/LNG compared to Diesel as a fuel have following environmental benefits:

Greenhouse gas emission for LNG is approx. 15% lower

NOx emission is 80% lower

Particulate emission is 75% lower

LNG spills does not require cleaning up of land as it evaporates and being lighter than air does not settles in

the lower atmosphere.

Due to lack of availability of gas, gas based power plants in India are currently either idle or operating at very low

capacity. Terminal will provide the necessary gas requirement for operation of these power plants subject to

financial viability with LNG.

Further, Essar Steel has a 6.8 MTPA gas based steel plant at Hajira which is operating at low utilization due to lack

of availability of gas. The terminal will provide requisite gas requirement for operation of the steel plant.

Hajira-Bijapur-Jagdishpur (HBJ) gas pipeline which originates from Gujarat transports gas to the nearby industrial

hinterland as well as various parts of India. HBJ pipeline has made south Gujarat a highly attractive location for

LNG import terminals as well and that is the reason why India’s first two LNG import terminals were developed in

the region at Hajira and Dahej.

Considering the attractiveness of the location, huge untapped gas demand of nearby industries and recent fall in

LNG prices, there is a strong case for development of a new LNG import terminal at Hajira.

The proposed LNG import terminal will be able to deliver an environment friendly fuel to the end consumer and

provide natural gas to sectors such as steel, fertilizer, power, refinery and city gas distribution thereby benefiting

the economy as a whole.






2.3 Location (maps showing general location, specific location, project boundary & project site

layout)

2.3.1 General location of the site

The site is at Hajira. Hajira is situated 230 km north of Mumbai, 30 km from Surat city, access is via National

Highways 6 and 8 and Surat domestic airport. Figure 2-1 shows general location map of the project site.

2.3.2 Specific location of site & project boundary

The proposed LNG terminal and associated facilities will be developed on reclaimed land of existing Essar Port

boundary. Proposed project site boundary on satellite image is provided in Figure 2-2 shows specific location of

site.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai

ESSAR BULK TERMINAL LTD. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION FOR PROPOSED LNG

TERMINAL AT HAJIRA, GUJARAT DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT



Figure 2-1: General location map of the project site





Figure 2-2: Specific site location on satellite image






2.3.3 Approach and connectivity to facility

Hajira is situated 230 km north of Mumbai, 30 km from Surat city, access is via National Highways 6 and 8 and

Surat domestic airport.

By road

Four/Six-lane project of NH-6 is underway and widening of the road with flyover on KRIBHCO and ONGC railway line

at Hajira is under construction.

By rail

Surat railway station is just ~40 Km away from Hajira and located on the important broad gauge route that runs

between Delhi and Mumbai. This route has double tracks, completely electrified and the tracks are designed to

handle faster trains thus ensuring that transportation of cargo are both faster and more efficient as compared with

other rail routes.

By air

Hajira is ~30 km from Surat city and can be accessed via Surat domestic airport.

2.4 Size or magnitude of operation

2.4.1 Land distribution at site

Essar Bulk Terminal Ltd. will use ~17 hectares of existing reclaimed land for the development of proposed LNG

terminal and associated facilities. Area statement is given in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1: Area statement of site

S. No. Land Area in m2

1 Greenbelt 50000

2 STP 100

3 Equipments (including Regas facilities, BOG Compressors & associated facilities) 3950

4 LNG Storage Bullets 18650

5 Atmospheric Tank 6050

6 Truck Loading Facilities 5400

7 Flare Area 25500

8 Non Factory buildings 9000

9 Firewater & Fire-fighting facilities 6540

10 Other Miscellaneous Area (including metering skids, utility packages, roads, drainage etc.) 18810

Total Area 1,44,000

Existing port layout map & site layout map along with terminal and associated facility is shown in Figure 2-3&

Figure 2-4 respectively.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai






Figure 2-3: Existing port layout map

ESSAR BULK TERMINAL LTD. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION FOR PROPOSED LNG TERMINAL AT HAJIRA, GUJARAT DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT



Figure 2-4: Site layout map




Figure 2-5: Storm Water Network


MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION

FOR PROPOSED LNG TERMINAL AT

HAJIRA, GUJARAT DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT



Map 2-1: Contour Map






2.4.2 Magnitude of site

Size of the project is defined in Section 2.1 of this chapter

2.5 Proposed schedule for approval and implementation

Table 2-2: Project implementation schedule

2.6 Brief description of the project

2.6.1 Development of FSU and land based LNG terminal

EBTL has envisaged to develop a 6 MMTPA LNG import terminal. LNG will be stored in a LNG carrier which will be

moored at jetty, this LNG carrier moored to jetty is referred as FSU. Apart from FSU there will be land based

storage as well. RU will be connected to the FSU/land based storage facilities through cryogenic pipeline and

unloading arms. RU will be connected togas grid, Essar steel and Essar power via pipeline. Part of waterfront will be

utilized for mooring of FSU and will be available to EBTL for the dedicated use for handling LNG.The LNG will be

imported to Hajira via LNG carriers.

EBTL has developed a 7 km long navigational channel for movement of ships and currently 14 m draft vessels are

being berthed at EBTL using tide. Draft of largest LNG carriers is 12m-12.5m hence draft at the navigational

channel is sufficient for berthing of LNG carriers. LNG will be unloaded from LNG carrier to FSU through flexible

hoses which is a standard practice for ship to ship transfer. The LNG will then be transferred from FSU to land

based storage/RU via fixed loading arms and cryogenic pipelines.

FSU storage will be up to 266,000 cubic meter while land based storage facilities will be of 60,000 cubic meter

comprising of double walled atmospheric tank and double walled pressurized bullets. LNG will either flow directly

from FSU to RU or first flow to land based storage facilities and from land based storage facilities to RU.

RU of 750 MMSCFD capacity will be installed on the land and fresh water from the power plant of Essar Power

Hajira Limited which will be ~ 7 km away from proposed LNG terminal, will be used to vaporize the LNG and cooled

water will be returned back to power plant. Through this process there will neither be any consumption of water

nor any discharge of water into any water bodies during the regasification process. In addition to fresh water,

ambient air may also be used for vaporization of LNG.

Once the LNG is regasified, it will be transported to Essar Steel and Essar Power as well as other party customers

connected to the grid. Pipeline connectivity to the gas grid is already in place till the Essar Steel unit.

In addition to RU, road gantry facilities will be developed for transport of LNG in road tankers to end customers.






2.6.2 Details of project

LNG terminal description

The LNG Terminal shall also be provided with Skid mounted BOG Compressor Package, Marine Loading Arms, RLNG

metering Skid (for HP & LP Headers), Truck loading Bays, Flare system and I&C system for the entire Terminal.

Figure 2-6: Unloading and regasification facilities process flow

Key facilities/equipment for the proposed LNG terminal is given in Section 2.6 of Chapter 2.

Truck traffic data

• Time to load truck = ~40 minutes

• Time to position truck (between earlier truck leaving & new truck entering the bay) = ~20 minutes

• Total time to load one truck = ~60 minutes

• Therefore, in 1 day = 24 trucks can be loaded per bay

• Size of each truck = 17.5 MT

• Truck loading capacity per annum = (17.5 MT per truck) X (24 trucks per bay per day) X 8 bays X (330 days

per yr) X 70 % efficiency = ~0.78 MTPA

• Trucks loaded per day = (24 trucks per bay per day) X 8 bays X 70 % efficiency =~135 trucks per day = ~5.6

trucks per hour

Based on above calculations and presence of 8 bays, there are sufficient utilities for truck loading and no

congestion of trucks/traffic is envisaged to meet the desired capacity.

2.6.3 LNG storage facilities

The FSU will be another LNGC vessel which will be leased and will have capacity up to 266,000 cubic meters. The

storage tanks on the FSU may be walled or membrane type tanks where LNG will be stored at approximately – 161

– 165 oC. The FSU will be moored to the Jetty. Additionally, land based storage facilities of 60,000 cubic meters

comprising of double walled atmospheric tank (~54,000 cbm) and double walled pressurized bullets (~6,000 cbm)

may be developed. Land based storage tank details are given in Table 2-3. Floating storage unit detail are given in

Table 2-4 . Chemical properties of LNG is given in Table 2-9.






Table 2-3: Land based storage tank details

S. no. Type of tank Products to be stored

Total no. of tanks Storage capacity

in m3 Maximum storage

capacity in m3

1 Atmospheric Tanks LNG 1 54,000 54,000

2 Pressurized Bullets LNG 6 1,000 6,000

Table 2-4: Floating storage unit details

S. no. Type of tank Products to be stored Total no. of tanks Storage

capacity in m3 Maximum storage

capacity in m3

1 FSU Tanks LNG 5 Upto 266,000 266,000

Table 2-5: Type of LNGCs and their dimensions

Model Unit

Type LNG Carrier

Storage Capacity 1,77,000 m3

LOA 300 m

Beam Length 48 m

Draft (design) 12 m

* Above are typical dimensions for LNG carrier of ~ 1,77,000 m3capacity

Unloading arms

Marine unloading arms will be used to transfer LNG from tanks into land based storage facilities or directly to the

RU. There will be 3 loading arms installed at the jetty – 1 liquid, 1 vapor and 1 hybrid/dual purpose arm. Details of

the unloading arms are provided in Table 2-6.

Table 2-6: Unloading arm details

S. No. Description of facility Numbers Remark

1 Unloading arms 3

One Liquid Unloading arm: 1600 m3/hr

One Vapour Unloading arm : 16100 kg/hr (12000 m3/hr)

One spare hybrid arm which will be used for both liquid and

vapour.

Liquid Arm

Operating Temperature/ Pressure: (-)157 to (-)160 °C/ 4 to 7.5

barg

Design temperature / Pressure: (-)196 & 65°C / 15 barg & FV

Vapour Arm

Operating Temperature/ Pressure: (-)130 to (-)160 °C/ 130 mbarg

Design temperature/ Pressure: (-)196 & 65°C / 11 barg & FV

Regasification technology

For the proposed LNG terminal at Hajira, LNG will be vaporized into Regasified LNG (RLNG)/Gas at the land based

regasification units. The land based regasification modules will operate using freshwater as the primary heating

medium and Glycol Water/Propane will be used as the intermediate medium for vaporization of LNG. The

freshwater will be sourced from the cooling tower of the nearby 270 MW power plant which is within the Essar’s

complex at Hajira.






Terminal capacity

Terminal capacity is governed by the capacity of the regasification units. Terminal will be developed with 750

MMSCFD of regasification capacity:

3 skids of 250 MMSCFD each

Each skid comprises of 2 trains of 125 MMSCFD each for regasification of both rich and lean LNG.

Each RU train will be complete with high pressure pumps, LNG vaporizers and intermediate fluid circulation.

Systems and pumps and heat exchangers.

Each RU train will be designed to operate between 40% to 100% of the design capacity for the given range of

battery limit pressures.

Pipeline details

Pipeline details are given in Table 2-7.

Table 2-7: Pipeline details

S. No. Route of pipeline Numbers Remark

1 Freshwater pipeline from Essar Power Hajira Limited (EPHL)

to terminal and return back to power plant 4 4 X 48” pipelines

2 Gas Pipelines to Essar Steel/Essar Power/Gas grid of GSPL,

GAIL, RGTIL 2 2 X 24” pipelines

3 LNG/BOG lines from Jetty to Land Based Storage facilities 3 2 X 16” (Liquid lines)

1 X 16” (vapour line)

Road gantry details

Road gantry facilities will be developed to deliver LNG via road to end consumers. Key details are as follows:

Table 2-8: Road gantry details

S. No. Description of facility Remark

1 Truck loading facilities

8 Nos. of loading stations of design capacity: 70 m3 per hour each

Operating Temperature/ Pressure: (-)157 to (-) 160°C /1.5 to 2 bar g

Design Temperature/ Pressure: (-)196°C & 65°C /15 barg & FV




Table 2-9: Chemical Properties

S. No Raw Materials/

Products

Composition

(mol %) CAS Number State Colour Odour

Mol. Wt. (g/mole)

Flash Point

(oC)

Melting Point

(oC)

Boiling Point (oC)

IDLH (ppm)

Stability Hazard

Specific Gravity

at 68 0F (g/cc)

LEL % UEL

%

1 LNG (Lean)

CH4 = 97.7

C2H6= 1.8

C3H8 = 0.2

C4H10 + = 0.2

N2= 0.1

74−82−8 Liquid Colourless

Odourless 16.4 -188 NA

-163 to -

65.74

( TBP)

NA Normally

stable

Flammability -4

Health-1

Instability-0

0.427 4.3 17

2 LNG (Rich)

CH4 = 81.6

C2H6= 13.4

C3H8 = 3.7

C4H10 = 0.7

N2= 0.7

74−82−8 Liquid Colourless Odourless 19.3 -188 NA

-175.6 to -

23.56

( TBP)

NA Normally

stable

Flammability -4

Health-1

Instability-0

0.485 3.7 16.4

ESSAR BULK TERMINAL LTD. DEVELOPMENT OF LNG TERMINAL AT

HAJIRA, DISTRICT SURAT, GUJARAT PROJECT DESCRIPTION



2.7 Associated utilities facilities

Utilities include power, instrument & plant air, nitrogen, diesel oil, service water & firewater, potable water,

freshwater for operating the proposed LNG terminal at Hajira.

2.7.1 Power requirement

For normal use, power will be sourced from Essar Power plant at Hajira and the power will be available at the

terminal at battery limit. For emergency power, emergency diesel generator shall be considered.

Power requirement for the entire terminal (Regasification Units & associated pumps, BOG compressors, LP Pumps

and miscellaneous equipment such as valves, motors etc.) is estimated to be ~ 15.7 MW.

2.7.2 Emissions details

Boil off gas

Boil off gas (BOG) which is primarily generated in the FSU and land based storage facilities will be sent via BOG Compressors to the Regasification units where the BOG will be recondensed into LNG.

Table 2-10: BOG parameters at RU skid battery limit

BOG Operating / Design

pressure at RGU Skids B/L 5 barg to 6.5 barg / 10 barg

BOG Operating / Design

temperature at RGU Skids B/L (-) 2 to 67°C / (-) 46 to 120°C

BOG Composition Lean LNG Rich LNG

Methane 0.9845 0.8739

Ethane 0 0.0003

Propane 0 0

Nitrogen 0.0155 0.1258

i-butane 0 0

n-butane 0 0

2.7.3 Details of water and wastewater

Service water and fire water

The service water shall be provided from service water storage tank, located at LNG terminal. The service water

storage tank shall be loaded from water tanker. Water tankers shall also be used to fill fire water tanks. The service

water tank shall be provided with service water pumps feeding service water to various water.

Table 2-11: Temperature and pressure conditions of service and fire water

Service water Unit Value

Pressure

kg/cm2g

-

Normal 2.5

Design 10

Temperature

°C

-

Normal 32

Design 65

Fire water system shall consist of electric motor driven fire water jockey pumps, diesel engine driven main fire

water pumps, fire water tanks, fire water hydrants, and water sprinklers etc.





Potable water

Potable water shall be the water sourced from service water tank and treated with RO. Potable water shall be

supplied through potable water pumps to eyewash showers in the plant and also to the buildings.

Table 2-12: Temperature and pressure conditions of potable water

Potable water Unit Value

Pressure

kg/cm2g

-

Normal 2.5

Design 10

Temperature

°C

-

Normal 32

Design 65

The potable water consumption shall be based on 100 persons’ water consumption per day.

Freshwater

Table 2-13: Temperature and pressure conditions of fresh water at terminal battery limit

Fresh water Unit Supply Return

Pressure

barg

Normal 4 (min) , 5 (Normal) 2.5 (min), 3.5 (Normal)

Design 12

Temperature

°C

Normal 30 (min), 45 (Max) 15 (min)

Design 65

Table 2-14: Quality of freshwater

Cooling water (Circulating water) parameters

Sr. No. Parameter UOM Result

1 pH 9.30 - 9.60

2 Conductivity µS/cm 3500 – 4000

3 Total Hardness Ppm 30 - 40

4 Chloride Ppm 550 - 650

5 Turbidity NTU < 10

6 Chlorine Di-Oxide Ppm 0.2 - 0.3

Alternatively, seawater can be used for vaporization of LNG.

Water consumption and wastewater generation details

Source of water supply

The required water for the proposed project will be met from ESSAR Port.

Water consumption and wastewater generation for proposed unit

In the proposed LNG Terminal water will be mainly used in following areas:

Domestic Usage

Fire Fighting

Regasification process

Washing and





Other process

The breakup of water consumption and wastewater generation from the proposed unit is described in Table 2-15

and balance diagram is presented in Figure 2-7.

Table 2-15: Water consumption and wastewater generation details

Sr. No.

Area of Water Consumption

Basis for Water Calculations

Water Requirement

(KLD)

Wastewater Generation

(KLD) Treatment & Disposal Facility

1 Domestic (On-

board FSU)

No of

Workers/Employee

- 30 Nos. Water

demand - 135

LPCD

4 3

FSU will have an STP onboard which will

treat the Sewage and discharge will be

used in green belt of LNG Terminal.

Adequate storage capacity will be

proposed to storage treated sewage in

case of water is not use for gardening

due to heavy rain.

2

Washing and

Cleaning (On-

board FSU)

Randomly 20 20

Bilge water sent outside to authorized

Vendor for treatment and disposal facility.

M/s Jabrawala is authorised for treatment

and disposal of waste water.

3 Steam Turbine

(Boiler Capacity)

Make up Water

required for boiler 15 0.5

Blow down water to collection tank of

Terminal STP

4 Domestic (LNG

Terminal Area)

Consider

Evaporation loss

and mock drills

etc.

10 9

Treated in STP to be provided in LNG

Terminal Area and treated sewage will be

used for gardening / green belt

development.

Adequate storage capacity will be

proposed to storage treated sewage in

case of water is not use for gardening

due to heavy rain.

5 Fire fighting

Consider

Evaporation loss

and mock drills

etc.

5 0 Make up in Fire Water Reservoir

6

Process Water

(Re-Gasification

of LNG)

8000 m3/hr 192000 192000

Quantity of 8000 cu.m per hr of

freshwater required for there-gasification

process which will be sourced from the

cooling towers of the neighbouring power

plants. The same will be used for cooling

and further sent back to the respective

power plant areas

8

Total Water

Consumption and

wastewater

Generation

- 192054 192032.5 -

9

Recycled Water

from

Regasification

process

- 192000 192000 -

10 Fresh water

Requirements - 54 32.5 -





Sr. No.

Area of Water Consumption

Basis for Water Calculations

Water Requirement

(KLD)

Wastewater Generation

(KLD) Treatment & Disposal Facility

/Wastewater

Generation

ESSAR BULK TERMINAL LTD. DEVELOPMENT OF LNG TERMINAL AT HAJIRA, DISTRICT SURAT,

GUJARAT PROJECT DESCRIPTION



Figure 2-7: Water balance diagram






Wastewater disposal

Wastewater mainly generated from domestic use from port area and from FSU unit.

The sewage generation from FSU unit will be treated in onboard STP plant and treated water will be used for

greenbelt development for LNG terminal. Conventional STP will be proposed at FSU unit.

The sewage generation from the terminal area will be treated in separate proposed STP at terminal area and

treated water will be used for gardening.

Treated water from FSU and terminal will be collected in retention tank and then it will be used for gardening.

Wastewater from regasification process is further send to ESSAR power plant.

2.7.4 Details of proposed sewage treatment plant at terminal area

Design basis inlet & outlet characteristics for proposed STP

STP will be proposed for 10 KLD capacity. The design Inlet & outlet characteristics of proposed STP is presented in

Table 2-16:

Table 2-16: Design inlet & outlet characteristics of STP

Sr. No. Name of plant Unit Design Inlet Characteristics for

STP Design Outlet Characteristics of

STP

1 Effluent quantity m3/day 10 10

2 pH mg/l 6.5 - 8.5 6.5 - 9.0

3 COD mg/l 600 <50

4 BOD mg/l 300 <10

5 TDS mg/l 800 <2100

6 SS mg/l 100 <20

List of STP units with capacity

The capacity of STP units with adequacy is prescribed in Table 2-17:

Table 2-17: List of STP units with capacity & adequacy

S. No. Unit Name No. of Unit Capacity (m3) Design Flow

(m3)

Retention Time (hr)

1 Sewage Collection Sump 1 3.05 10 7.3

2 MBR Tank (Aeration Tank) 1 4.78 10 11.5

3 Final Collection Tank 1 20.0 10 48

4 Sludge Drying Beds 1 1 m2 10 -

5 Chlorine Dosing Tank 1 100 lit -

Process description of STP

Collection sump – 1 no.

The sewage from septic tank system from plant will be collected in one collection tank via gravity from where it is

pumped further to the aeration tank with MBR system. A screen chamber will be provided upfront to the collection

tank.






Aeration tank – MBR tank – 1 no.

The sewage water will be subjected to MBR bio-reactor in an aeration tank in MS Epoxy painted Construction. MBR

module is fitted with necessary components like air diffuser and filtration membrane with a pore size ranging from

0.1 micron to 0.01 micron. Diffused aerators will be provided in the tank for air supply.

The backwash tank with backwash pump will be provided for cleaning of membranes. The MBR system will be

operated in AUTO MODE.

Chlorine dosing tank – 1 no.

NaOCl dosing tank of 100 Liters capacity is provided for disinfection after biological treatment.

Final collection tank - 1 no.

A final collection tank is provided for collection of final outlet of the treatment plant in an HDPE Tank of 20 KL

capacity.

Sludge drying beds – 2 nos.

Suitable sludge drying beds capacity is proposed to be provided for the purpose of drying the Sludge Generated.

The sludge will then be packed in HDPE / LDPE bags and further disposed of as manure.

The filtrate will be sent back to the collection tank.

Figure 2-8: Process block diagram of proposed STP

Sludge generation and disposal

The sludge generated from the sewage treatment plant will be about 400 kg/Annum which will be used as manure

for greenbelt development.

2.7.5 Fuel gas

Fuel gas shall be used for providing purge for flare system and fuel gas for flare pilots. The Fuel gas shall be

sourced from BOG compressor discharge header.

2.7.6 Nitrogen

A nitrogen system is provided to supply gaseous nitrogen for the plant operating requirements:

Loader valves of boil-off compressors

Continuous sealing in Junction box of HP, LP pumps.

Joints (Styles) of Marine Loading Arm.

Regular draining of process equipment (jetty KO drum, unloading arms etc.)






Continuous or intermittent purging (flare sweeping, arms swivel joints)

Plant maintenance (draining, dry-out and inerting of process lines and equipment)

Nitrogen generation system shall be considered with a 50 m3 Nitrogen storage bullet. Nitrogen shall be of 99.99 %

vol purity.

Table 2-18: Temperature & pressure of nitrogen

Nitrogen Unit Value

Pressure

Barg

Normal 6

Design 15

Temperature

°C

Normal >5

Design 65

2.7.7 Instrument air & plant air

Instrument air system is intended to supply instrument air to the Terminal as required for instruments, control

valves, on-off valves, compressor package and ignition air for flare pilots.

Table 2-19: Details of instrument air & plant air

Type Unit Plant air Instrument air

Dew point °C NA (-) 40 °C @ Atm.

Pressure

Barg

- -

Minimum 3 4

Normal 4 5

Maximum 5 6

Design 12 12

Temperature

°C

- -

Minimum - -

Normal 45 45

Maximum - -

Design 60 60

2.7.8 Diesel oil

A diesel storage tank shall be provided with pumps for supply of diesel to EMGD, Fire water Pump engines etc.

Table 2-20: Temperature & pressure of diesel oil

Diesel Oil Unit Value

Pressure

kg/cm2g

Normal 2.5

Design 10

Temperature

°C

Normal 32

Design 65

2.7.9 Flare system

The flare header conditions shall be as follows:






Normal operating pressure : 0.1 barg

Maximum operating pressure: 1.7 barg

Following systems shall be connected to flare header:

Blow-down from LNG vaporizers

Relief from LNG Re-condenser

Relief from BOG compressors

Blow-down from LNG Tanks vapour system

Blow-down from Natural gas send out header

Blow down from LNG Storage facilities

Height of the flare stock shall be selected to meet the following criteria of CPCB, GSPCB, OISD and API 521. Also it

shall be decided based on the radiation contours.

2.7.10 Solid and hazardous waste identification, quantification, collection, transportation and

disposal

The solid / hazardous waste will be collected and temporarily stored in Hazardous Waste Storage Area as per

hazardous waste rules within the plant premises. The details of the solid and hazardous waste generation,

quantification, classification, collection, transportation and disposal facility as per Hazardous Waste Rules 2008 and

its amendment are mentioned in Table 2-21.

Table 2-21: Hazardous waste generation

Sr. No. Name of waste

generation

Category of waste (as per Hazardous Waste Rules 2016)

Quantity in KL per year or MT per

year Treatment & disposal facility

1 Used Oil / Waste Oil 5.1 20

Collection, Storage, Transportation

and disposal to approved Recycler

M/s Jabrawala Petroleum

2

Cargo Residue, Washing

water and sludge

containing oil

3.1 300



M/s Jabrawala

3

Empty

Barrels/Containers/liners

contaminated with

hazardous

chemicals/wastes

33.1 300




4

Contaminated Cotton Rags

and other cleaning

materials

33.2 5




5

Sludge and Filters

Contaminated with oil from

Ships

3.3 15




Storage / handling of solid and hazardous wastes

All waste is being handed with proper PPEs ensuring safety of the individuals working with the solid and hazardous

waste handling. The wastes will be collected in drums and HDPE Bags and further transferred at the storage

location in the existing Solid cum Hazardous Waste Storage area provided at site.

One month storage with impervious flooring will be provided for hazardous waste storage to avoid leakage

problem.






Other solids wastes

Other solid waste generated from the proposed LNG terminal is given in Table 2-22.

Table 2-22: Other solid wastes

Sr. No. Name of waste

generation

Category of waste (as per

Hazardous Waste Rules

2016)

Existing quantity in TPA as per

consent conditions

Additional quantity in KL per year or MT

per year

Treatment & disposal facility

1 Municipal Solid Waste - - 36

Disposal to nearby

Common Solid

Waste Disposal

facility as per

present scenario

2 Bio-Medical Waste

There will be no OHC provided in the site premises. Only

ambulance and first aid facility is available. The facility of

common Hospital of ESSAR in the area which is present in the

Essar Colony is availed when required

3 E-Waste

E waste accounts for around 5% of total Municipal Solid

Waste. Inventory of E Waste is presently not practiced.

However in the proposed LNG terminal inventory of E waste

and E waste collection centres will be established in each of

the office premises. They will be further sold to authorized E

waste recyclers on periodic intervals

4 Other non-Hazardous waste

Other non-Hazardous waste like packaging waste, card

boards, metal scrap etc. will be sold to authorized recyclers

as per MSTC approval

2.7.11 Other effluents

Gaseous effluents

Following gaseous effluents are expected to be generated from the proposed LNG terminal:

Exhaust from diesel engines mainly consists of CO, CO2, and NOx,

CO2, CO and NOx from Elevated flare stack

LNG drain

LNG drains shall be routed to underground closed drain system. The intent of the closed drain system is to provide

a safe and environmentally acceptable method of collecting and disposing of hydrocarbons handled on the facility

prior to equipment or system maintenance after depressurization.

In order to minimize the losses of hydrocarbon to the atmosphere, liquid drained from equipment and piping will be

recovered in a drain drum. In the event of FSU disconnected operation, LNG transfer line needs to be drained in the

LNG drain drum. The LNG drain drum shall be provided with one pump installed and one pump warehouse spare.

Other contaminating drains

Normally no drains are expected in the LNG terminal. During maintenance drainage of non-volatile product (Diesel,

lube oil) or chemicals will be done through observation pit or portable container. These drains to be collected in

local Pits from where these shall be removed using portable pump in barrels for further disposal.






2.7.12 Export possibility

Coastal movement of LNG can be explored after commissioning of this terminal.

2.7.13 Employment generation (direct and indirect)

The Proposed LNG Terminal development will generate direct employment for approximately 100 people. There will

be indirect employment generation of around 300 people from the Project.

This project is critical for the survival of Essar Steel which will directly employ an additional 1000 people and

indirectly employ an additional 5,000 people and similarly for Essar Power which will directly employ additional 300

people and indirectly employ additional 1000 people.

2.8 Cost of the project

Total estimated cost is ~ Rs. 2,000 crores.






3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 Introduction

The baseline status of environmental quality in the vicinity of project site serves as the basis for establishment of

prevailing environment status and identification, prediction and evaluation of impacts. This chapter describes

existing environmental baseline data of the study area pertaining to the proposed project activity.

3.2 Baseline environmental quality

The baseline environmental quality was assessed through field studies within the impact zone for various

components of the marine environment viz. bathymetry, physical processes (tide, current and waves), water

quality, sediment quality and flora-fauna with specific reference to environmental aspects, which may have a

bearing on the impacts of the proposed project. The baseline environmental quality was assessed in one season i.e.

Winter (February), 2018.

As per the requirement of ToR, the baseline studies for the above mentioned study period have been incorporated

in this chapter.

Water quality, sediment quality and marine biological diversity impact assessment report and management plan is

jointly prepared by CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemical Research Institute, Bhavnagar and Kadam Environmental

Consultants, Vadodara.

Marine Bathymetry, physical processes i.e. tides, currents & waves, water quality, sediment quality

and numerical modelling done by Kadam Environmental Consultants, Vadodara

The environmental baseline of the study area with respect to these parameters is discussed in subsequent sections.

3.2.1 Primary data collection

The following was studied with respect to the environmental baseline:

Physical processes

Tides

Currents

Water quality

Sediment quality

Flora and fauna

Phytoplankton

Zooplankton

Benthos

Fishery

Mangroves

Authenticity of primary data

Following laboratories were utilized for primary data collection w.r.t. marine flora-fauna which includes subtidal

ecology i.e. phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, fishery and also intertidal ecology, marine water quality, marine

sediment quality, bathymetry, tides, currents and waves.






CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemical Research Institute (CSMCRI) at Bhavnagar, a constituent laboratory of

CSIR.

Kadam’s laboratory at Vadodara which is accredited by NABL.

Geostar Surveys India Private Limited at Mumbai

These laboratories follows an auditable quality plan including sampling, analysis, reporting and calibration and

participates in inter-laboratory quality control practices.

Marine sampling was carried out in winter 2018. Sampling location map for samples collected during high and low

tide from the eight (01-08) offshore stations shown in Error! Reference source not found. in Tapi channel off

Hajira coast for monitoring the water quality, sediment quality, phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos. Sampling

location for Tide & current measurement is also shown in Figure 3-1.




Figure 3-1: Sampling location map – marine environment






3.2.2 Description of Gulf of Khambhat and EBTL Hajira channel

Gulf of Khambat, a large bay connected to Arabian Sea is known for its tidal range. Rapid industrialisation has led

to extensive development of the coastal areas and the maritime infrastructure. This area has major ports at

Pipavav, Bhavnagar, Dahej and Hajira in addition to Tapti oil fields (Niko and ONGC). Essar port is also located in

the Gulf of Khambat, near the city of Surat. The navigation command of control is under Magdalla port trust for the

area. The tidal range and current around the Hajira zone are vital parameters in the ship manoeuvring and harbour

planning. Since the location is in the macro tidal zone, the hydrodynamics and thus related processes are

predominantly tidal in nature.

This area has two large islands with small channels through them. Both the islands are not inhabited. The eastern

channel is shallow and is in the vicinity of the Dumas. The Shell port is on the western flank of Hajira. The Mindola

creek is a river mouth with a short river draining into it. The water is brackish most of the time.

Figure 3-2: Tapi estuary and Mindola creek

Port channel specification

Depth : 11m CD

Width : 300 m

Bank width : 72m each side

Navigation channel layout

The natural river channels were deepened for the operating deeper vessels. The turning circle is located at the

northern end of the artificial channel. Bathymetry chart for EBTL Hajira channel is given in Figure 3-4. Channel is

aligned north south in the berthing areas and the approach is about 15° to the north.






3.2.3 Marine environment

Bathymetry

The area of interest lies in Tapi estuary at the mouth of the river and the approach channel to the Essar Port is

flanked by reclaimed area and berths on the west side and intertidal zones on the east side. The intertidal zones

are part of the island systems which are formed due to the interaction of tidal and river flows in the funnel area at

the mouth of the river. The funnel area of the river mouth is divided into two separate channels, Essar port

approach channel to the west of the island system and Magdalla approach channel to the east of the island system.

The island system is divided in a diagonal by a shallow channel which runs in the south-west and north-east

The bathymetry survey for the area was conducted in April 2016 and the observations from the bathymetry

survey are as follows.

The channel starts at a depth of 12.7 m depth and continues towards the EBTL facility for around 4400 m with a

bearing of around 15 degrees with respect to North. Thereafter the channel enters a transition curve length of

around 350 m. After the transition curve, the channel straightens with respect to North and proceeds for 3400 m

and in this section the channel width tapers from 300 m to 270 m. The final portion of the channel i.e. after the 270

m wide section is of a length of 950 m and is marked by the turning circle with radius of curvature of around 600

m. The depths of the channel vary from 12.5 meters at the offshore entrance of the channel to 10.5 m in the

turning circle. A 550 m X 60 m rectangular section at an average depth of around 16.0 m w.r.t CD is present in

front of the berth and adjacent to the turning circle area serves as the berth pocket. The ruling depth in the turning

circle area is around 2.0 m w.r.t CD. The side slope of the channel in the turning circle area varies between 72 m to

85 m.

National Hydrographic Office (NHO) chart is given in Figure 3-3.

Bathymetry Chart of EBTL Hajira Chanel is given in Figure 3-4.





Figure 3-3: NHO Chart number 2108





Figure 3-4: Bathymetry Chart of EBTL, Hajira channel






Met ocean conditions

Wind

Wind data was collected from location from ECMWF reanalysis dataset from location 72.75 longitude, 21.0 latitude

which is 15 kilometres away from the area of interest in south-east direction. The annual wind climate is given as

rose plot in Figure 3-5. Time interval of the data is 6 hours. Data was extracted for the period between 1996 and

2016 to present these direction statistics. The data shows that the predominant directions for wind are from SW

and WSW. The maximum wind speed is around 14.86 m/sec and the direction of this is 216 degrees w.r.t north.

Figure 3-5: Offshore wind rose






Tide

Tidal conditions at Hajira based on naval hydrographic chart number 2108 are given in Table 3-1.

Table 3-1: Tidal condition

Tidal condition Height in m w.r.t CD

MHWS 7.4

MHWN 6.0

MLWN 3.1

MLWS 1.7

MSL 4.2

Measured water elevation time series was collected in the channel in Feb 2018. The depth of observation is about

4.5 m below datum and the measurements are carried out using an Acoustic Doppler current profiler. The

instrument would ideally collect the speed and direction of the flow through the entire water column. An additional

water level sensor is available in the said instrument, which has recorded the tide of the site. The values are given

in Figure 3-6.

Figure 3-6: Tide level






Current

The velocity time series from the mid depth is analysed for the speed contribution by various constituents. Currents

measured by ADCP at different levels of the water column i.e. top, bottom are shown in below Figure 3-7. Current

magnitudes in m/sec and direction w.r.t. are given in below Figure 3-8. Top middle and bottom currents are

denoted by blue, purple and red colours respective. It can be seen that the estuary is well mixed as directions and

magnitudes of currents are more or less equal across the depth of the water column.

Figure 3-7: Current measurement at different levels of water column

Figure 3-8: Current magnitudes in m/sec






3.2.4 Water

Physico – chemical characteristics of marine water

Materials and methods

The field studies were carried out at three areas listed below and sampling locations which are marked on the image

in Figure 2-1.

Tapi estuary

Marine area just outside the mouth of the Tapi, and

Two dredged disposal sites

Subtidal sampling for water quality, sediment quality and flora and fauna was done at stations 1 to 8 spread over the

estuarine stretch of about 25 km between Surat and the estuary mouth. The marine zone adjacent to the estuary

mouth was sampled at stations 9 to 12 with station 10 at the mouth of the Mindola estuary and the dredge spoil sites

were sampled at stations DS1 and DS2. The geographical coordinates of the subtidal sampling locations are given in

Figure 3-1.

Sampling procedure

Surface water for general analyses was collected using a polythene bucket while an adequately weighted Niskin

sampler with a closing mechanism at a desired depth was used for obtaining subsurface water samples. Sampling at

the surface and bottom (1 m above the bed) was done when the station depth exceeded 3 m. For shallow regions

only surface samples were collected.

Methods of chemical analysis

The water samples were collected and were preserved in cool condition and were carried to the laboratory

immediately at Bhavnagar. For some of the sensitive nutrient parameters analysis was done onsite. For DO and BOD

water samples were fixed during sampling. The analytical methods of estimations were as follows:

Temperature: Temperature was recorded using a mercury thermometer with an accuracy of 0.1oC.

pH: The pH was measured on a microprocessor-based pH analyzer. The instrument was calibrated with

standard buffers just before use.

Total Suspended Solids (TSS): A known volume of water was filtered through a pre-weighted 0.45 μm Millipore

membrane filter paper, dried and weighed again.

Salinity: A suitable volume of the sample was titrated against silver nitrate with potassium chromate as an

indicator. The salinity was calculated using standard tables.

DO and BOD: DO was determined by Winkler method. For the determination of BOD, direct un-seeded method

was employed. The sample was filled in a BOD bottle in the field and was incubated in the laboratory for 3 days

after which DO was again determined.

Phosphate-Phosphorus (PO43-P): Acidified molybdate reagent was added to the sample to yield a

phosphomolybdate complex, which was then reduced with ascorbic acid to a highly coloured blue compound,

which was measured at 882 nm.

Nitrite-Nitrogen (NO2--N): Nitrite in the sample was allowed to react with sulphanilamide in acid solution. The

resulting diazo compound was reacted with N-(1-napthyl) - ethylenediamine dihydrochloride to form a highly

coloured azo dye. The light absorbance was measured at 543 nm.

Nitrate-Nitrogen (NO3-N): Nitrate was determined as nitrite as above after its reduction by passing the sample

through a column packed with amalgamated cadmium.

Ammonium-Nitrogen (NH4+-N): Ammonia and ammonium compounds (NH3 + NH4 +) in water were reacted

with phenol in presence of hypochlorite to obtain blue colour of indophenol. The absorbance was measured at

630 nm.






Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHc): Water sample was extracted with hexane and the organic layer was separated,

dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and reduced under low pressure. Fluorescence of the extract was

measured at 360 nm (excitation at 310 nm) with Saudi Arabian Crude residue (boiling point >100o C) as a

standard.

Phenols: Phenols in water were converted to an orange coloured antipyrine complex by adding 4-

aminoantipyrine. The complex was extracted in chloroform (25 ml) and the absorbance was measured at 460

nm using phenol as a standard.

Heavy metals

Seawater

The seawater samples collected separately in clean plastic bottles for heavy metal analyses were filtered through a

0.45 μm Millipore membrane filter, acidified with concentrated HNO3 to adjust its pH 2.0 and stored in a deep freezer.

Sediment

The superficial bed sediment from all the sampling transects was obtained by a Van Veen grab of 0.04 m2 area. The

sediment after retrieval was transferred to a polythene bag and preserved for further analysis at the laboratory. The

sample was split into sand and silt-clay fractions on 62 µ sieve and the texture was determined. The percentage of

organic carbon was determined by TOC analyzer (Elementar Liqui TOC). The heavy metal concentrations in sediment

samples were analyzed by ICP-OES after microwave digestion while Hg was estimated after digestion using ICP-MS.

Table 3-2: Analysis method for marine water

Sr. no. Specific test performed Test method specification against which tests are performed

1 pH Electrometric method Part 4500-H+; APHA 23 rd edition

2 Temperature Thermometric method

3 DO Winkler method Part 4500-O; APHA 23 rd edition

4 BOD Winkler method Part 5210; APHA 23 rd edition

5 Solids Gravimetric method Part 2540; APHA 23 rd edition

6 Salinity APHA: 2520 B (22nd Edition), Electrical Conductivity method

7 Phenol Chloroform extraction method Part 5530; APHA 23 rd edition

8 Ammonia Spectrophotometric method

9 Nitrate Spectrophotometric method Part 4500-NO3-; APHA 23 rd edition

10 Nitrite Spectrophotometric method (In house protocol)

11 Phosphate Spectrophotometric method (Part 4500-P; APHA 23 rd edition

12 Heavy Metals Extraction method Part 3120; APHA 23 rd edition

Results

Table 3-3: High Tide (Surface Water) during winter 2018

Sr. no Parameters Unit MW01 MW02 MW03 MW05 MW06 MW07 MW08

1 pH pH scale 8.0 8.0 7.9 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.1

2 Temperature °C 24.0 24.0 24.0 23.5 23.6 24.1 24.3

3 Suspended solids mg/L 389 409 420 409 381 377 388

4 Dissolved solids mg/L 41100 41200 43000 40000 42000 40000 42100

5 Salinity ppt 33.5 34.3 35.2 33.5 35.1 33.2 34.2

6 DO mg/L 5.2 ND 5.2 4.2 6.2 5.4 3.4

7 BOD mg/L 8.3 ND 6.8 7.2 9.2 7.6 5.6

8 PHc µg/L 22.5 34.1 42.5 29.6 27.8 22.9 28.3

9 Phenol µg/L 49.6 48.3 52.8 34.8 30.4 29.7 34.1







10 Phosphate mg/L 0.003 0.055 0.032 0.145 0.15 0.148 0.189

11 Nitrite mg/L 0.051 0.056 0.053 0.054 0.053 0.054 0.049

12 Nitrate mg/L 1.71 1.42 3.7 1.6 1.28 1.6 1.16

13 Ammonia µM 2.5 0.833 3.333 1.67 6.67 6.67 9.17

14 Heavy Metals

a Cr µg/L 0.124 0.127 0.134 0.13 0.131 0.125 0.121

b Fe µg/L 10.21 15.46 ND 9.91 10.81 10.13 10.58

c Ni µg/L 0.945 1.289 0.957 1.251 1.008 1.068 1.025

d Cu µg/L 0.845 0.864 0.945 0.85 1.021 0.975 0.9561

e Zn µg/L 10.24 11.29 10.45 12.05 12.36 10.03 10.04

f Cd µg/L 0.0258 0.32 0.21 0.369 0.211 0.241 0.357

g Pb µg/L 0.356 0.378 0.354 0.345 0.356 0.236 0.309

Note: ND - Not Detected

MW 04 Samples were not collected due to the unfavourable conditions

Table 3-4: High tide (bottom water) during winter 2018


1 pH pH scale 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.0

2 Temperature °C 25.0 24.0 24.0 23.4 23.7 24.6 24.1

3 Suspended

solids mg/L 410 415 422 398 386 393 376


5 Salinity ppt 34.6 35.3 35.6 33.6 35.2 34.7 35.2

6 DO mg/L 5.6 6.0 ND 5.6 2.4 4.4 6.0

7 BOD mg/L 6.8 6.8 ND 8.4 ND 5.6 8.4

8 PHc µg/L 29.4 41.2 39.9 24.5 29.7 24.9 28.4

9 Phenol µg/L 48.7 49.8 57.4 32.4 28.9 32.4 38.1

10 Phosphate mg/L 0.021 0.067 0.047 0.136 0.142 0.241 0.27

11 Nitrite mg/L 0.05 0.051 0.051 0.046 0.054 0.054 0.052

12 Nitrate mg/L 2.05 2.21 1.31 2.05 1.31 1.83 1.73

13 Ammonia µM 4.167 2.50 0.833 12.5 10.00 2.50 10.00

14 Heavy Metals

a Cr µg/L 0.122 0.123 0.128 0.127 0.129 0.138 0.123

b Fe µg/L 10.42 12.37 13.25 9.54 9.34 9.76 9.91

c Ni µg/L 0.968 1.278 ND 0.994 0.998 1.061 1.047

d Cu µg/L 0.841 ND 0.872 0.812 1.008 0.942 0.912

e Zn µg/L 10.23 10.24 10.12 10.09 9.56 ND 11.24

f Cd µg/L 0.214 0.568 0.241 0.341 0.305 0.365 0.249

g Pb µg/L 0.375 0.322 0.394 0.306 0.207 0.228 0.301








Table 3-5: Low tide (surface water) during winter 2018


1 pH pH scale 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 8.0 8.0

2 Temperature °C 25.5 26.0 26.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 23.9

3 Suspended

solids mg/L 384 416 419 392 378 372 367


5 Salinity ppt 33.6 34.5 34.6 35.4 34.3 35.6 35.1

6 DO mg/L 5.4 5.2 4.4 6.4 5.3 7.2 4.0

7 BOD mg/L 0.4 7.2 4.4 8.0 5.6 8.8 0

8 PHc µg/L 37.5 36.7 39.6 29.3 22.5 21.7 25.9

9 Phenol µg/L 47.6 52.3 41.2 39.7 31.2 36.4 37.2

10 Phosphate mg/L 0.061 0.042 0.131 0.135 0.156 0.245 0.278

11 Nitrite mg/L 0.052 ND 0.054 0.051 0.004 0.051 0.059

12 Nitrate mg/L 1.82 ND 1.9 2.21 1.32 1.65 1.57

13 Ammonia µM 6.667 5.833 1.667 2.50 2.50 9.17 2.50

14 Heavy Metals

a Cr µg/L 0.101 0.11 0.126 0.132 0.124 ND 0.126

b Fe µg/L 11.24 11.41 11.76 10.57 9.76 11.25 9.22

c Ni µg/L 0.956 1.869 1.251 1.278 1.002 1.003 0.928

d Cu µg/L ND 0.834 0.823 1.004 0.835 0.975 0.927

e Zn µg/L 10.22 1.01 11.15 11.05 10.22 10.86 11.23

f Cd µg/L 0.253 0.234 0.345 0.356 0.345 0.256 0.341

g Pb µg/L 0.389 0.386 0.658 0.322 0.254 0.209 0.331



Table 3-6: Low tide (Bottom Water) during winter 2018


1 pH pH scale 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.9 7.8 8.0 8.1

2 Temperature °C 26.0 25.8 26.0 25.0 25.6 25.0 24.3

3 Suspended Solids mg/L 394 414 421 398 380 369 370

4 Dissolved Solids mg/L 43000 42100 44000 46700 42100 42200 45700

5 Salinity ppt 35.5 35.7 35.6 35.7 34.5 34.6 35.3

6 DO mg/L 4.0 3.2 6.8 7.0 6.8 6.4 5.0

7 BOD mg/L ND 5.5 8.4 8.3 8.0 7.8 8.0

8 PHc µg/L 38.1 31.8 37.6 25.7 23.6 22.5 27.6

9 Phenol µg/L 46.9 55.4 39.8 38.4 32.9 31.9 34.1

10 Phosphate mg/L 0.069 0.044 0.125 0.178 0.158 0.169 0.102

11 Nitrite mg/L ND ND 0.054 0.052 0.003 0.052 0.053

12 Nitrate mg/L ND ND 2.72 2.25 1.39 1.57 1.63

13 Ammonia µM 10.0 1.667 7.50 6.67 1.67 2.50 12.50

14 Heavy Metals

a Cr µg/L ND 0.121 0.12 0.131 0.134 ND 0.122

b Fe µg/L 13.45 12.92 9.63 10.82 10.62 11.77 10.74







c Ni µg/L 1.301 1.023 1.245 1.356 1.025 1.045 0.968

d Cu µg/L 0.857 0.861 1.002 0.983 0.986 0.915 0.9348

e Zn µg/L 10.27 11.02 10.15 10.11 11.45 12.02 11.46

f Cd µg/L 0.345 0.256 0.389 0.347 0.258 0.278 0.347

g Pb µg/L 0.312 0.245 0.321 0.347 0.347 0.301 0.345



Assessment of water quality

Prior to 1984, the Tapi estuary received effluents from a few industries located around Surat and also part of the

domestic wastewater from the city. Industrialisation of the Hajira belt since 1984 has considerably increased the

effluent load in the estuary. In addition to these wastewater discharges, the environmental quality of the Tapi

estuary would be also influenced by the activities at the Magdalla Port. Hence, the prevailing water quality of the

Tapi estuary is the result of balance between the anthropogenic fluxes of pollutants emanating from domestic and

industries sources and jetties located along its shores, and the removal of contaminants by natural processes.

Temperature

Due to prevailing winter, water temperature varied from 22-28°C. During morning sampling, water temperatures

were between 24-25.6°C and evening samples were recorded at 26°C.

pH

pH of the water sample was slightly basic varied from 7.8 to 8.1. There is no much fluctuation of pH in estuarine

stations in comparison to the marine stations.

TSS

In majority of the stations, surface TSS value was lower than the bottom for both high and low tide samples except

MW 03, MW 05, MW 07 and MW 08 where TDS for both the surface and bottom were almost same. May be due to

high rate of sedimentation the TSS value was high in the bottom water in comparison to the surface water.

However, there is no specific trend of TSS concentration gradient from estuarine region towards sea. However,

comparison to the previous study conducted by NIO, TSS was recorded to be much lower in the estuarine area. In

their study higher limit of TSS was abnormally high in the inner and outer estuarine area. This might be due to high

level of dredging activity. Figure 3-1 showed there is distinct colour change in Google map described the sampling

location. Blue colour water was observed in the oceanic sampling location such as MW06, MW07 and MW08.

However grey colour was observed in all other sampling locations. To understand the possible reason for this

variation is water colour, we have compared results of suspended solid (SS) of both surface and bottom water of all

the sampling stations (Table 3-3 to Table 3-6). It was observed that there is no much variation in SS values

which may have impact in water colour variation. Therefore, this colour variation might be due to different depth

profile and the time of google photo capture. As during low tide water from majority of the channels are drained

out and water depth is very low in comparison to the stations located in the open sea, this might be a reason for

showing grey colour in the stations located in the channels

Salinity

Salinity of all the stations varied from 33 PPT to 35.5 PPT. There is no much influence of freshwater inflow from the

estuaries.






Figure 3-9: Seawater temperature measured at different stations

Figure 3-10: Seawater pH measured at different stations

22.0

22.5

23.0

23.5

24.0

24.5

25.0

25.5

26.0

26.5

S B S B S B S B S B S B S B S B S B S B S B S B S B S B

HT LT HT LT HT LT LT HT LT HT LT HT LT HT

MW01 MW02 MW03 MW04 MW05 MW06 MW07 MW08

Temperature (°C)

7.5

7.6

7.7

7.8

7.9

8.0

8.1

8.2




pH






Figure 3-11: TSS level at different stations

Figure 3-12: Salinity level measured at different stations

Dissolved oxygen (DO)

DO value was recorded to be between 4.0 mg/L to 5.5 mg/L for all the water samples studied. DO is an important

parameter in water quality since it is an indicator of ability of a water body to support a well-balanced biodiversity.

DO in a water body is a balance between replenished through photosynthesis and dissolution from the atmosphere

and its removal through respiration. In unpolluted waters the rate of consumption of DO is lower than the rate of

replenishment resulting in maintenance of adequate concentrations.

Below 2 mg/L concentration of DO, good and diversified aquatic life may not be maintained since feeding of many

organisms is diminished or stopped and their growth is retarded at low DO levels. Embryonic and larval stages of

aquatic life are especially vulnerable to reduced conditions and may also result in retarded development and even

partial mortality. It is considered that the level of DO should not fall below 3 mg/L for prolonged periods and

recommended minimum level for tropical marine fish is 3.5 mg/L or 75 % saturation level.

330

340

350

360

370

380

390

400

410

420

430




TSS (mg/L)

31.5

32

32.5

33

33.5

34

34.5

35

35.5

36




Salinity (‰)






In the present study, high level of DO might be due to sampling time and good water quality. Due to presence of

low phytoplankton concentration and early hour sampling (8 to 12 h) respiration rate was minimum and oxygen

consumers were less.

Interestingly in the previous study by NIO, DO concentration was recorded to be much lower varied between 0.9 to

6.0 mg/L, which is comparable with the present result.

Figure 3-13: DO level measure at different stations

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is a measure of organic material contamination in water, specified in mg/L.BOD

is the amount of dissolved oxygen required for the biochemical decomposition of organic compounds and the

oxidation of certain inorganic materials (e.g., iron, sulphites).Typically the test for BOD is conducted over a five-day

period.

BOD value was also recorded to be varied widely in different stations. In LT sample of station 2 the value was

recorded as 0 which indicate insignificant concentration of organic load in the water. On the contrary high BOD was

recorded in stations 1(HT)S, 4(LT)B, 5(LT)B, 5(HT)B, 6(HT)S and 8(HT)B. In all the above stations BOD value was

recorded to be more than 8 mg/L. This indicates presence of organic load. Sources of this organic load might be the

discharge from the nearby industries and other domestic source of the Hajira locality.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8




Do(mg/L)






Figure 3-14: BOD level measured at different stations

PHc

Naturally occurring hydrocarbons in aquatic environment are in trace amounts of simple forms produced by

microbes. PHc derived from crude oil and its products are added to marine environment by anthropogenic activities

namely production of crude oil and its products, their transport, ship traffic, etc. Prominent land-based sources are

domestic and industrial effluents, atmospheric fallout of fuel combustion products, condensed vapours etc. PHc can

cause severe damage to the aquatic life when there are sudden discharges in large quantities during accidents such

as tanker collision, pipeline rupture, fire etc. In the present study, PHc concentration in all the sampling stations

was low in comparison to the standard for coastal and marine water. PHc levels ranged between 22.5-42.5 µg/L

during high tide surface water, whereas their levels were 24.5-41.2 g/L in bottom marine water. Selected samples

of MW02, MW03 and MW04 recorded comparatively high concentration of PHc. This might be due to regular ship

movement in the estuary. However in the mouth and offshore PHc concentration was comparatively low. However

the present value is higher than the study carried out by NIO during 2012.

Figure 3-15: PHc level measured at different stations

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10




BOD (mg/L)

0

10

20

30

40

50




PHc (µg/L)






Phenol

Phenols in natural waters generally originate through anthropogenic discharges. They are used extensively in

fungicides, antimicrobials, wood preservatives, pharmaceuticals, dyes, pesticides, resins etc. and hence they

become important constituent of domestic and organic industrial effluents. Phenols have broad spectrum toxicity

depending upon the substitution.

In the present study station MW03 recorded maximum concentration of phenolic compounds (52.8 µg/L). The

detected range of phenols were 29.7-52.8 and 28.9-49.8 µg/L for the surface and bottom marine waters collected

during the high tide waters. Station MW01 and MW02 also recorded higher concentration of phenolic compounds in

the water samples in comparison to the offshore stations. This trend has similarity with the distribution of PHc.

In the NIO study monsoon samples recorded maximum concentration of phenolic compounds in comparison to the

pre and post monsoon samples. Present sampling was carried out during March (pre monsoon). However

Figure 3-16: Phenol level measured at different stations

Phosphate

Among several inorganic constituents, phosphorus and nitrogen compounds have a major role to play in primary

productivity. However, their high concentrations can lead to excessive growth of algae which in extreme conditions

result in eutrophication. Dissolved phosphorus invariably occurs as phosphate (PO43--P) in water and its important

sources in coastal environment are domestic sewage, detergents, effluents from agro-based and fertilizer.

Phosphate concentration varied from 0.003 to 2.78 mg/L. In the offshore stations phosphate concentration was

comparatively higher than the estuarine samples.

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0




Phenol (µg/L)






Figure 3-17: Phosphate level measured at different stations

Nitrate

Nitrate concentration was relatively low in all the station. Nitrate, nitrite and ammonia are the major species of

nitrogen of which nitrate is generally dominant. Nitrite is thermodynamically unstable and ammonia is biochemically

oxidized to nitrate via nitrite apart from being directly assimilated by algae. Hence, concentrations of nitrite and

ammonia are often very low in natural waters. In well-oxygenated coastal waters, nitrate-nitrogen is the dominant

species of nitrogen.

Figure 3-18: Nitrate level measured at different stations

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4




Nitrate (mg/L)






Nitrite

Nitrite value in all the water samples were also very low which indicate less pollution load. Most of the stations the

value varied between 0.04 to 0.06 mg/L. In station MW6 both surface and bottom sample of LT recorded very low

nitrite concentration.

Figure 3-19: Nitrite level measured at different stations

Ammonia

Ammonia concentration varied considerably in all the stations. There was significant fluctuation of ammonia value in

surface and bottom samples also in some stations such as MW04, MW05 and MW08.

Figure 3-20: Ammonia level measured at different stations

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07




Nitrite (mg/L)

0.000

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

12.000

14.000




Ammonia (µM)






Heavy metals

The seawater samples collected separately in clean plastic bottles for heavy metal analyses were filtered through a

0.45 μm Millipore membrane filter, acidified with concentrated HNO3 to adjust its pH 2.0 and stored in a deep

freezer.

Figure 3-21: Cr concentration in water sample measured at different stations

Figure 3-22: Fe concentration in water sample measured at different stations

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16




Cr (µg/L)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18




Fe (µg/L)






Figure 3-23: Ni concentration in water sample measured at different stations

Figure 3-24: Cu concentration in water sample measured at different stations

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2




Ni (µg/L)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2




Cu (µg/L)






Figure 3-25: Zn concentration in water sample measured at different stations

Figure 3-26: Cd concentration in water sample measured at different stations

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14




Zn (µg/L)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6




Cd (µg/L)






Figure 3-27: Pb concentration in water sample measured at different stations

3.2.5 Sediments

The superficial bed sediment from all the sampling transects was obtained by a Van Veen grab of 0.04 m2 area. The

sediment after retrieval was transferred to a polythene bag and preserved for further analysis at the laboratory. The

sample was split into sand and silt-clay fractions on 62 µ sieve and the texture was determined. The percentage of

organic carbon was determined by TOC analyzer (Elementar Liqui TOC). The heavy metal concentrations in

sediment samples were analyzed by ICP-OES after microwave digestion while Hg was estimated after digestion

using ICP-MS.

Table 3-7: Sediment analysis

Station Tide Sand (%) Silt (%) Clay (%) PHc (mg/g

dry wt.) P (mg/g)

MW03 LT 85.6 52.9 3.6 0.0018 0.459

HT 82.1 69.3 4.2 0.001 0.478

MW04 LT 94.5 56.1 7 0.0014 0.314

MW05 LT 86.7 54.9 10.6 0.004 0.203

HT 80.1 58.1 9.4 0.0028 0.298

MW07 LT 94.2 64.1 10.1 0.0019 0.248

HT 93.2 63.8 12.4 0.002 0.256

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7




Pb (µg/L)





Table 3-8: Sediment heavy metals analysis (all analysis was done with 1 g dry wt. of sediment)

Sr. No Station Tide Cu (mg/g) Ni (mg/g) Al (mg/g) Cr (mg/g) Mn (mg/g) Zn (mg/g) Co (mg/g) Pb (mg/g) Cd (µg/g) Fe (mg/g)

1 MW03

LT 0.102 0.062 2.654 0.251 1.221 0.122 0.057 0.0201 0.21 5.562

2 HT 0.122 0.073 2.724 0.229 1.234 0.127 0.052 0.0209 0.27 4.125

3 MW04 LT 0.146 0.098 2.512 0.132 1.227 0.118 0.048 0.0134 0.31 5.396

4

MW05

LT 0.136 0.085 1.256 0.127 1.093 0.098 0.039 0.0064 0.19 4.002

5 HT 0.141 0.089 1.389 0.122 1.097 0.094 0.038 0.0062 0.21 4.012

6

MW07

LT 0.145 0.088 1.394 0.151 1.121 0.087 0.034 0.0078 0.09 3.048

7 HT 0.148 0.105 1.258 0.142 1.128 0.081 0.031 0.0074 0.014 3.095






Figure 3-28: Cu concentration in sediment sample measured at different stations

Figure 3-29: Ni concentration in sediment sample measured at different stations

Figure 3-30: Al concentration in sediment sample measured at different stations

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

LT HT LT LT HT LT HT

MW03 MW04 MW05 MW07

Cu (mg/g)

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12


MW03 MW04 MW05 MW07

Ni (mg/g)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3


MW03 MW04 MW05 MW07

Al (mg/g)






Figure 3-31: Cr concentration in sediment sample measured at different stations

Figure 3-32: Mn concentration in sediment sample measured at different stations

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3


MW03 MW04 MW05 MW07

Cr (mg/g)

1

1.05

1.1

1.15

1.2

1.25


MW03 MW04 MW05 MW07

Mn (mg/g)






Figure 3-33: Zn concentration in sediment sample measured at different stations

Figure 3-34: Co concentration in sediment sample measured at different stations

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14


MW03 MW04 MW05 MW07

Zn (mg/g)

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06


MW03 MW04 MW05 MW07

Co (mg/g)






Figure 3-35: Pb concentration in sediment sample measured at different stations

Figure 3-36: Cd concentration in sediment sample measured at different stations

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025


MW03 MW04 MW05 MW07

Pb (mg/g)

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35


MW03 MW04 MW05 MW07

Cd (µg/g)






Figure 3-37: Fe concentration in sediment sample measured at different stations

Soil quality

For soil quality study distribution of sand, silt and clay were analysed for total four stations that is MW 03, MW04,

MW05 and MW07. Sand concentration varied from 80 to 93%. Around 50 to 70% silt were recorded in all the stations.

Clay concentrations were comparatively less which varied from 3 to 13%. Due to continuous dredging continuous change in the soil composition was recorded.

Figure 3-38: Sand quality of different stations

0

1

2

3

4

5

6


MW03 MW04 MW05 MW07

Fe (mg/g)

70

75

80

85

90

95

100


MW03 MW04 MW05 MW07

Sand (%)






Figure 3-39: Silt content in different stations

Figure 3-40: Clay content in different stations

3.2.6 Marine ecology

The baseline environmental quality was assessed through field studies within the impact zone for marine biology

with specific reference to environmental aspects, which may have a bearing on the impacts of the proposed project.

The baseline environmental quality was assessed by CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar.

Sub tidal ecology

Flora and fauna

Sampling procedure

Polyethylene bucket and Differential Water Sampler (DDWS) respectively were used for sampling surface and

bottom waters for the estimation of phytoplankton pigments and population.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


MW03 MW04 MW05 MW07

Silt (%)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14


MW03 MW04 MW05 MW07

Clay (%)






Sample for phytoplankton cell count was fixed in Lugol’s iodine and a few drops of 3% buffered formaldehyde. For

station 1 only hightide sampling was performed. Due to some technical problem and hard bottom low tide sampling

was not done.

Zooplankton samples were collected by oblique haul using a Heron Tranter net with an attached calibrated flow

meter. All collections were of 5 minutes duration. Samples were preserved in 5% buffered formaldehyde. Sediment

samples for subtidal macrobenthos were collected using a van-Veen grab of 0.04 m2 area. Intertidal collections

between the High Tide Line (HTL) and the Low Tide Line (LTL) were done using quadrats of 0.04 m2 area. The

sediment was sieved through a 0.5 mm mesh sieve and animals retained were preserved in 5% buffered

formaldehyde Rose Bengal.

Pigments

The pigments were analyzed from known volume of water which was filtered through 0.45 µm filter paper. The

filter paper was extracted with 90% acetone. For estimation of chlorophyll and pheaophytin, the acetone extract

was spectrophotometrically analyzed between 630 and 750nm before and after dilute acid treatment. The pigment

concentration was calculated using following formula.

Cholorophyll a (Ca) = 11.85(Absorbance664 − 1.54(Absorbance647)) − 0.08(Absorbance630)

Chlorophyll a (mg L) =Ca × Volume of acetone extract

Volum eof sample⁄

where 664b and 665a are the absorbance values of the acetone extract before and after acidification, respectively.

Phytoplankton

The phytoplankton samples were collected from the surface of the water column during low and high tides at all

stations by using clean plastic bucket. Hundred liters of seawater sample was concentrated to 250 mL by filtering

through plankton net (20 µm pore size). The concentrated samples were immediately preserved by adding 5 mL of

40% formalin and 2 mL of Lugol's iodine at the site itself. In the laboratory the samples were concentrated by using

centrifuge and made up to the final volume of 25 mL. Finally concentrated samples were preserved in 4% formalin

prepared in seawater. These samples were subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytoplankton. For

the quantitative estimation, Sedgewick Rafter counting cell was used and for qualitative identification microscopic

examination was followed. The standard monographs and other published literature were used for identification

(Husted, 1930; Peragallo, 1965).

Zooplanktons

The zooplankton in the samples were determined by filtering 100 liters of seawater through 300 µm pore size

plankton net and the collected zooplankton samples were kept in 250 mL of seawater having 4% formalin. The

samples were stored in wide mouth plastic bottles under dark conditions. The number of zooplankton in the

samples were counted by using counting a chamber supplied by Hydro-Bios (Catalog No.435010) and identified

microscopically.

Benthic fauna

The sediment for benthic fauna were collected from the sea floor using Van-Veen grab having an area of 0.0663

m2. The collected sediments were made to slurry with seawater and sieved through 40-pore size (ASTM, 430 µm

mesh size) sieve. The retained organisms on the sieve were preserved with 4% formalin in seawater for further

studies. The benthic fauna were sorted to group level under microscope. After counting the individuals, fresh

weight of each group was determined. The results were calculated and expressed as number or weight of benthos

per m2 area of the sea floor.

Benthos diversity was comparatively low in all the stations. Continuous ship movement and dredging activity may

result the disturbance in the benthic communities. Both gastropod and bivalve shells were collected from the






benthic samples. Due to dredging mechanical damage was observed. Therefore, many broken shells were found.

Maximum numbers of benthic samples were collected from station number 7 which is an offshore station. Minimum

numbers were found in the station 4, LT sample, and station 5 HT sample. However, the data do not represent

proper benthic community. Generic diversity and numerical diversity were also low. Numerical diversity was

recorded to be maximum in LT sample of station 7 (offshore station). Due to low generic and numerical diversity

SWDI was not calculated for any of the station.

Table 3-9: Observed benthic fauna in marine sediments

Station Tide Generic diversity Numerical diversity

(No./m2) Observation

1 HT 2 15.56 Bivalve, Gastropoda

LT NF NF NF

2 HT 3 23.53 Clam, Gastropoda

LT NF NF NF

3 HT NF NF NF

LT NF NF NF

4 HT NF NF NF

LT NF NF NF

5 HT 3 28.38 Clam, broken Gastropoda

LT 2 35.72 Clam, Gastropoda

6 HT NF NF NF

LT NF NF NF

7 HT NF NF NF

LT 3 57.8 Bivalve, Gastropoda

8 HT NF NF NF

LT NF NF NF

NF: Not Found

Figure 3-41: Bivalve and gastropod shell collected from benthic samples






Chlorophyll estimation

In most of the samples chlorophyll content was negligible. Interestingly bottom sample of Station 2 recorded

consistent amount of Chlorophyll A. It was recorded that the detection limit of chlorophyll A is 0.7 ng/m3 and

chlorophyll B is 0.4 ng/m3. In the present study in majority of the samples the chlorophyll concentration is below

detection limit. However, in the high tide surface water sample 6.42 ng/m3 of chlorophyll A was detected in MW6.

Among, HT bottom water samples, 21.78 and 5.76 ng/m3 of chlorophyll A was detected in station MW01 and MW06

respectively. In remaining samples no Chlorophyll A was detected. Chlorophyll B and C were not detected in any of

the samples.

In the surface water of low tide sample, chlorophyll A was detected in station MW03 and MW04 with a

concentration of 0.99 and 1.45 ng/m3 respectively. Chlorophyll level was below detectable limit in the bottom water

of low tide sample.

Table 3-10: Pigments in High Tide (Surface Water) during winter 2018


1 Chl A mg/m3 ND ND ND ND 6.42 ND ND

2 Chl B mg/m3 ND ND ND ND 4.06 ND ND

3 Chl C mg/m3 ND ND ND ND 9.78 0.04 ND

ND: Not detected

MW 04 Samples were not collected due to unfavourable conditions






Table 3-11: Pigments in High Tide (Bottom Water) during winter 2018

Sr. no. Parameters Unit MW01 MW02 MW03 MW05 MW06 MW07 MW08

1 Chl A mg/m3 ND 21.78 ND ND 5.76 ND ND

2 Chl B mg/m3 3.1 30.58 2.96 3.76 3.42 ND ND

3 Chl C mg/m3 ND 13.01 ND ND ND ND ND

ND: Not detected

#MW 04 Samples were not collected due to unfavourable conditions

Table 3-12: Pigments in Low Tide (Surface Water) during winter 2018

Sr. no. Parameters Unit MW02 MW03 MW04 MW05 MW06 MW07 MW08

1 Chl A mg/m3 ND 0.99 1.45 ND ND ND ND

2 Chl B mg/m3 ND 6.12 ND ND ND ND ND

3 Chl C mg/m3 ND ND 2.32 ND ND ND ND

ND: Not detected


Table 3-13: Pigments in Low Tide (Bottom Water) during winter 2018


1 Chl. A mg/m3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2 Chl. B mg/m3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

3 Chl. C mg/m3 4.39 ND ND 5.29 ND ND ND

ND: Not detected


Phytoplankton

Phytoplankton load and diversity were low in all the station. Majority of the samples were dominated by

Coscinodiscus sp.

Zooplankton

Zooplankton load and diversity were also low in all the stations studied. This may be due to more anthropogenic

activities and ship movement the zooplankton diversity and abundance is less. There is no clear picture about the

abundance of zooplankton change from different sampling sites starting from estuary mouth to open sea. Diversity

was recorded to be less in all the sites. Nauplius was recorded from station MW03. Due to poor diversity and counts

for both phytoplankton and zooplankton the final result was presented in one table (Table 3-14) and no SWDI

value was calculated.

Table 3-14: Both phytoplankton and zooplankton collected from different sampling stations

Station Code High/Low tide

Generic diversity of

Phytoplankton

Generic diversity of zooplankton

Sample code Observation

MW01 High tide ND ND 16 ND

Low tide - - - -


Low tide 1 - 23 Coscinodiscus

MW03 High tide 1 - 14 Coscinodiscus

Low tide 1 1 22 Coscinodiscus , Nauplius


Low tide ND ND 12 ND






Station Code High/Low tide

Generic diversity of

Phytoplankton

Generic diversity of zooplankton

Sample code Observation




Low tide - 1 1 Diatom


Low tide 1 1 4 Coscinodiscus , Nauplius



Microbiology

HPC was recorded to be high for majority of water samples than sediments. For station 6, 7 and 8 HPC was almost

similar for both water and sediment samples. However for station 1, 2 and 3 water recorded higher counts of HPC

than sediments. For water samples there was no much variation in HPC on both high and low tide sample except

station 4, where HT sample recorded low counts for all types of bacteria.

Enteropathogenic bacterial counts (EMB) were also high for water samples in majority of the stations than

sediments. Water samples from station 4(HT) and 6(LT) did not recorded any enteropathogenic bacteria. The

sediments samples were recorded 10 to 90 CFU/ml of EMB counts. Consistent presence of EMB indicate disposal of

domestic sewage and other anthropogenic activities in the area of sampling.

Both HT and LT samples of water recorded higher numbers of Vibrio counts than sediment samples. Both yellow

and green colonies were counted. Presence of relatively high counts of Vibrio may be due to anthropogenic

activities in the surrounding area.

Pseudomonas type bacteria were also recorded in both water and sediments samples. Interestingly in the estuary

side sampling stations all the EMB, Vibrio, Pseudomonas and Aeromonas counts were recorded to be high. In the

offshore sampling stations the counts gradually lesser down. These indicate that the estuarine side has more

microbial pollution.

Table 3-15: Microbiology of seawater (high tide) during winter 2018

Sr. no

Count MW01 MW02 MW03 MW04 MW05 MW06 MW07 MW08

1 Total bacterial

count (ZMA) 3.08 × 103 2.90 × 103 2.82 × 103 1 × 101 2.72 × 103 2.30 × 103 1.32 × 103 2.18 × 103

2

Entero-

bacterial

count (EMB)

0 1.4 × 102 1.5 × 102 0 1.7 × 102 1.5 × 102 2 × 101 1 × 101

3 Vibrio count

(TCBS) 1 × 101 5.6 × 102 1.32 × 103 0 2.8 × 102 1.4 × 102 0 1 × 101

4

Pseudomonas

isolation agar

base

1.0 × 102 2.14 × 103 1.90 × 103 0 1.19 × 103 9.8 × 102 2.0 × 102 5.4 × 102

5

Aeromonas

isolation

medium base

0 2 × 101 1.4 × 102 0 1 × 101 0 0 0






Table 3-16: Microbiology of seawater (low tide) during winter 2018

Sr. no

Count MW02 MW03 MW04 MW05 MW06 MW07 MW08

1 Total bacterial

count (ZMA) 2.36 × 103 2.12 × 103 2.19 × 103 2.72 × 103 2.02 × 103 2.90 × 103 2.80 × 103

2 Entero-bacterial

count (EMB) 3 × 101 2 × 101 6 × 101 1.5 × 102 0 7 × 101 1.3 × 102

3 Vibrio count

(TCBS) 1.8 × 102 3 × 101 1.3 × 102 9.0 × 102 1.13 × 103 2.9 × 102 1.8 × 102 (18 Y)

4

Pseudomonas

isolation agar

base

3.2 × 102 4.0 × 102 1.17 × 103 1.03 × 103 1.80 × 103 5.2 × 102 9.0 × 102

5

Aeromonas

isolation medium

base

0 0 0 1 × 101 0 0 4 × 101


Table 3-17: Microbiology of sediments (High Tide) during winter 2018

Sr. no Count MW02 MW03 MW05 MW07

1 Total bacterial count (ZMA) 7.8 × 102 5.3 × 102 1.32 × 103 3.06 × 103

2 Entero-bacterial count (EMB) 1 × 101 5 × 101 2 × 101 9 × 101

3 Vibrio count (TCBS) 0 0 0 1.36 × 103

4 Pseudomonas isolation agar

base 1 × 101 8 × 101 1.8 × 102 1.42 × 103

5 Aeromonas isolation medium

base 0 0 0 5 × 101

Table 3-18: Microbiology of sediments (Low Tide) during winter 2018

Sr. No Count MW02 MW03 MW04 MW05 MW06 MW08

1 Total bacterial count

(ZMA) 4.2 × 102 1.3 × 102 7.3 × 102 9.3 × 102 1.90 × 103 2.09 × 103

2 Entero-bacterial count

(EMB) 9 × 101 2 × 101 0 4 × 101 3 × 101 3 × 101

3 Vibrio count (TCBS) 2 × 101 0 0 0 5 × 101 1 × 101

4 Pseudomonas isolation

agar base 1.6 × 102 9 × 101 1.5 × 102 8 × 101 4.8 × 102 4 × 101

5 Aeromonas isolation

medium base 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mangrove

A field survey has been carried out to see the status of mangrove forest in the study area.

Areas of degraded as well as good mangroves occur in the Tapi estuarine system particularly as fringes around

Kadia Bet and Mora Bet and just off the mouth at the northern periphery of the estuary. These sites sustain

Avicennia marina, Sonneratia apetala and Acanthus ilicifolius as well as marsh vegetation consisting of mainly

Sesuvium portulacastrum and occasionally Sueada sp, Cyperus sp, Desmostachya bipinnata and Dichanthium

aristatum – grass. Among mangroves, Avicennia marina is dominant.






Corals and associated Biota

Coral were not reported in the proposed site and in the study area. As per our understanding, geochemical and

physiochemical condition of the area is not conducive for the growth of the corals.

Reptiles and Mammals

Dolphin and whale have been occasionally seen in the Gulf but not observed during study period.

Marine species of turtle have been reported at some sites along the western coast of the Gulf. However, turtles

were not observed in the estuarine and coastal system off Hajira during study period.

Fishery resource

The prevailing fisheries status of the region around Hajira was evaluated based on data collected from the

Department of Fisheries, Government of Gujarat.

The data collected from State fisheries department shows that the major fish landing centre around the project site

is Dumas, Hajira and Suvali.

The fish catch data represent total 11 varieties of fishes including shrimps, lobster, squid and crabs are present in

the area during the year 2016-17 whereas 14 varieties were present in the year 2017-18.

The major dominant fish landing centre is Dumas and the highest fish catch is Bombay duck (Harpadon nehreus).

The fish landing data of the year 2016-17 and 2017-18 is given in Table 3-19 and Table 3-20 respectively:

Table 3-19: Marine fish production for the year 2016-17

S. No

Name of Fish Production in Dumas in Kg. Production in Hajira in KG Production in Suwali in Kg

1 Bombay Duck 433705 216390 35310

2 Hilsa 16750 5830 0

3 Coilia 9370 4590 0

4 Shark 4390 6850 0

5 Mullet 52980 22760 10080

6 Catfish 28940 9090 0

7 Shrimps 940 4005 0

8 Prawns 50655 25105 11860

9 Crabs 49180 23450 20075

10 Levta 117530 30035 22645

11 Miscellaneous 165080 52675 17720

Total 929520 400780 117690

Table 3-20: Marine fish production for the year 2016-17

S. No

Name of Fish Production in DUMAS in Kg. Production in Hajira in KG Production in Suwali in Kg

1 White Pomfret 4350 1200 0

2 Black Pomfret 3000 1200 0

3 Bombay Duck 205210 96915 19190

4 Hilsa 40000 6440 0

5 Coilia 2170 0 0

6 Shark 31050 1580 0

7 Mullet 21583 13040 3587

8 Catfish 23510 9810 2350






S. No

Name of Fish Production in DUMAS in Kg. Production in Hajira in KG Production in Suwali in Kg

9 Ribbon Fish 18220 4872 0

10 Shrimps 11000 0 0

11 Prawns 121385 73600 11490

12 Crabs 28120 16740 15160

13 Levta 113095 55040 11010

14 Miscellaneous 232910 202215 26170

Total

The Gujarat plays a leading role in production of marine fisheries in the country. There was a slow growth in marine

fish production in the state (from 6,20,474 MT in 2000-01 to 6,95,580 lakhs MT in 2013-14). Inland fishery

production was much less in Gujarat state. In 2000-01 inland production was just 40,591 MT and increased to

1,02,913 MT in 2013-14 (Fisheries Statistics of Gujarat, 2013-14).

There is a decreasing trend of marine fish production in Surat district. In 2000-2001 the total landing was 9681 MT,

which was decreased to to 3494 MT in 2013-14. However, in the nearby Bharuch district there was an increasing

trend of marine fish landing from 2046 MT in 2000-01 to 4045 MT in 2013-14. There is no major fish landing centre

or fishing activities in the estuaries as well as near shore of the proposed project.

Hilsa is one of the main migratory fish available in the Tapi estuaries during rainy season. They used to migrate

from the sea towards estuaries (Anadromous migration) for spawning. Gujarat State Fisheries Department revealed

that annual production fluctuation of adult hilsa lies between the range 1.0 tonnes and 93.26 tonnes and that of

juveniles lies between 10.0 t and 2500.0 t, during 2004-2011 (Bhaumik et. al., 2013). However, in recent past the

frequency of Hilsa catch has reduced due to common anthropogenic activity and overall water pollution.

Reference: Bhaumik, U., Sharma, A. P., Mukhopadhyay, M. K., Shrivastava, N. P. and Bose, S. (2013). Adaptation

of Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) in freshwater environment of Ukai (Vallabh Sagar) reservoir, Gujarat,India. Fishing

Chimes, Annual issue, 33(1&2):110-113.






In the case of inland fish production there is a substantial increase in Surat district, i.e. in 2000-01 the production

was 5386 MT which increased to 10864 in 2013-14.






Source: Fisheries Statistics of Gujarat, Commissioner of Fisheries, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 2013-14






4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION

MEASURES

4.1 Introduction

In this chapter, we:

Identify project activities that could beneficially or adversely impact the environment

Predict and assess the environmental impacts of such activities

Examine each environmental aspect-impact relationship in detail and identify its degree of significance

Identify possible mitigation measures for these project activities and select the most appropriate mitigation

measure, based on the reduction in significance achieved and practicality in implementation.

4.2 Impact assessment methodology

4.2.1 Key definitions

Environmental aspects

These are elements of an organization’s activities or products or services that can interact with the environment.

Environmental aspects could include activities that occur during normal and emergency operations.

Environmental aspects selected for further study should large enough for meaningful examination and small enough

to be easily understood.

Environmental impacts

Environmental impacts are defined as any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or

partially resulting from an organization’s environmental aspects.

Environmental components

The marine environment includes such as water, sediment, flora fauna and their interrelation.

The environmental components (or parts of the receiving environment on which impacts are being assessed)

include: air, water, sediment, and ecology & bio diversity.

After the identification of impacting activities, impacts require to be assessed based on subjective / objective criteria

to assess the impacting activities. This is done in the following steps.

4.2.2 Identification of impacts

This entails employing a simple checklist method requiring:

Listing of environmental aspects (i.e. activities or parts thereof that can cause environmental impacts)

Identifying applicable components of the environment on which the environmental aspects can cause an

environmental impact

Making notes of the reason / possible inter-relationships that lead to environmental impact creation

Listing the environmental components likely to receive impacts, along with the key impacting activities on each

component






4.3 Identification of impacting activities for the proposed project

It is important to note that marine impacts of this project are limited to the following sub-paragraphs only.

Pre-operation Phase

Procuring and permanently berthing an LNG carrier (FSU) at the specified berth as shown in Figure 2-2.

Construction Phase

It is pertinent to note that there will be absolutely no construction activities beyond the existing waterfront. This is

so because the location for the proposed project is within an existing, operational port. Due to this fact and

considering relevant project requirements such as navigational channel requirements, availability of draft, mooring

& berthing requirements etc. do not require any intervention in the marine environment and are limited to onshore

construction activities which are covered in terrestrial EIA report.

Operation Phase

The operation phase will entail commissioning the FSU so that it can receive LNG parcel from other LNG carriers

and transfer LNG to RU.

Accordingly, identified environmental impacts have been listed in Table 4-1.

Table 4-1: Environmental impact and mitigation measures

No. Project activities Aspect Impacts Mitigation measures

Pre-operation Phase

1.1

Preparation of FSU at

appropriate dry dock/

purchase location

Application of anti-

fouling agents

containing biocides or

metallic compounds

such as tributyltin

(TBT)

Application of anti-

fouling agents can

impact marine fauna

and possibility enter

food chain

To eliminate/minimise use of such

agents since the ship is going to be

stationary and fuel consumption

during movement need not be

optimised since ship will not move

Operation Phase

1.2

Permanent berthing of

floating storage unit

(FSU)

Consumption of fuel

and operation of

engines during idling

and cargo loading

unloading

Air emission in the form

of PM, NOx, SO2, HC &

CO

Fuel conforming to MARPOL Annex VI

with sulphur content <0.5%.

Optimal maintenance of engines so

as to ensure appropriate air fuel

mixture and minimal emissions.

Implement monitoring program to

monitor effects of air emissions on

ecological communities

Generation of grey and

black water

Grey water and black

water which can

contain high levels of

BODs, bacteria and

other constituents

potentially harmful to

marine organisms.

Adverse impact on

marine water quality

Wastewater will be collected &

treated in on board STP. Treated

wastewater will be sent onshore for

storage in holding tank and then

reused for greenbelt within terminal.

Generation of non-

hazardous solid waste

similar to household

waste

Garbage thrown

overboard or managed

improperly can have

adverse impact on

Solid waste will be managed in

conformance with the requirements

laid out in the Solid Waste






No. Project activities Aspect Impacts Mitigation measures

marine water, ecology

and general health and

hygiene of nearby

communities through

spread of vector borne

diseases

Management Rules 2016 and Marpol

annex V

Generation of

hazardous waste such

as equipment

maintenance fluids,

used oil, bilge sludge,

toxic paints and

batteries

Improperly managed

hazardous waste can

result in adverse impact

on marine water,

ecology and nearby

community

Collection, Segregation, Storage,

Transportation and disposal to

approved Recycler M/s Jabrawala

Petroleum

Oil spill during fuelling

Adverse impact on

marine water, sediment

quality and marine

ecology

Oil spill disaster contingency plan is

attached as Attachment 1

Oil spill control equipment such as

booms/ barriers will be provided for

containment; and skimmers will be

provided for recovery

4.3.1 Water environment

Impact on water due to wastewater generation, solid & hazardous waste generation and oil spill

during fuelling

This may lead to adverse impact on marine water quality.

Impact on water due to accidental spillage

As such it is noted that the Port is equipped with an adequate VTMS system, thereby eliminating chances of

accidents and incidents involving ship to ship collision and consequent discharge of materials into the marine

environment. However, in the remotest of cases, during towing and berthing of the ships or owing to natural

calamity or piloting errors, there can be a rare possibility of mishaps like ship collision or ship hitting against the

wharf or ship getting grounded. During such events the ship may get damaged or in the worst case, capsize and

lead to oil spill inside the port basin or in the vicinity.

Mitigation measures for impacts on water

Wastewater will be collected & treated in on board STP. Treated wastewater will be sent onshore for storage in

holding tank and then reused for greenbelt within terminal.

Solid waste will be managed in conformance with the requirements laid out in the Solid Waste Management

Rules 2016.and Marpol annex V

Implement monitoring program to monitor water quality

Oil spill control equipment such as booms/ barriers will be provided for containment; and skimmers will be


As the accidental spill will be in harboured waters, response time for shutting down the fuelling, containment

and recovery will be quicker

As a precautionary measures oil spill model was also run to know the severity and impacted zone of spills due

to the proposed project






Since this is an existing port, Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan (attached as Attachment 1) is already

available to handle oil spill. Oil Contingency Team headed by a trained expert has been established at port.

Coordination has been established with the Indian Coast Guard.

4.3.2 Sediment environment

Impact on sediment due to accidental spillage of fuel oil

It is noted that in extremely rare events, small quantities of oil (as mentioned in the OSDCP) can leak into the

environment and therefore enter the marine waters. Such an event has never occurred in the past, however, good

practice entails understanding the possible impacts on the environment, in case it does.

Contamination of sediments with oil may modify chemical, physical and biological processes.

The persistent toxic constituents of oil, such as heavy metals, can become stored in the sediments, and taken up

into the food chain.

Mitigation measures

Proper contingency plan; readily available oil handling equipment like booms, skimmer and chemicals for

dispersion; establish coordination with Indian Coast Guard. Oil spill contingency plan has been attached as

Attachment 1.

4.3.3 Air Environment

Impact due to Consumption of fuel and operation of engines during idling and cargo loading

unloading

Air emission in the form of PM, NOx, SO2, HC & CO

Mitigation measures

Fuel conforming to MARPOL Annex VI with sulphur content <0.5%.

Optimal maintenance of engines so as to ensure appropriate air fuel mixture and minimal emissions.

Implement monitoring program to monitor effects of air emissions on ecological communities

4.3.4 Flora & fauna

Impact due to application of antifouling agents on FSU, generation of solid & hazardous waste

Application of anti-fouling agents can impact marine fauna and possibility enter food chain.

Garbage thrown overboard or managed improperly can have adverse impact on marine ecology.

Improperly managed hazardous waste can result in adverse impact on marine ecology.

Disturbance to fishes due to movement of ships and accidental spillage only. Fishes from affected zone may get

temporarily tainted. Considering that the mouth estuarine zone of Tapi and associated coastal area is not

commercial fishing zone, impact would be minor and temporary.

Spill residue will contaminate sub tidal and intertidal benthic habitat.

Marine turtles and mammals are highly sensitive to oil spill and swim away from the spill site but there is no

impact on the same as marine turtles and mammals are not recorded at site

Mitigation measures

Eliminate/minimize use of such agents since the ship is going to be stationary and fuel consumption during

movement need not be optimized since ship will not move.







Rules 2016.and Marpol annex V.

Collection, Segregation, Storage, Transportation and disposal to approved Recycler M/s Jabrawala Petroleum.


provided for recovery.

Since this is an existing port, Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan (attached as Attachment 1) is already

available to handle oil spill. Oil Contingency Team headed by a trained expert has been established at port.

Coordination has been established with Indian Coast Guard.

Implement marine environmental monitoring programme.



PROPOSED LNG TERMINAL AT HAJIRA, GUJARAT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM



5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

5.1 Introduction

Realizing the sensitivity of the immediate marine ecosystem and the importance to track ecological changes to

maintain the environmental health in their port area, M/s EBTL will organize a holistic study to monitor the marine

ecological conditions of the port which will enable them to track environmental changes if occurring in the region

due to their activities. Appropriate remedial measures can then be taken if the status of the environment is known.

In this background marine environmental monitoring at the proposed project site and in the vicinity of site will be

carried out.

5.2 Objective of monitoring

The present study aims to monitor marine environment in the vicinity of EBTL LNG terminal.

Marine Water Quality of surrounding Essar port environment on monthly basis on surface and bottom water.

Sediment Quality of surrounding Essar port environment on monthly basis on surface and bottom water.

Qualitative and quantitative data of primary productivity and Chlorophyll “a”.

Qualitative and quantitative data of zooplankton.

Qualitative and quantitative data of benthic fauna including sub tidal and intertidal.


TERMINAL AT HAJIRA, GUJARAT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM



5.3 Environmental monitoring programme

Table 5-1: Marine environmental monitoring programme

S. No. Parameters Measurement methodology

Frequency Location Data analysis Reporting schedule

Fixed cost, INR

Recurring budget in INR

A Water

1

Water samples

analysis (pH,

Temperature,

Biochemical Oxygen

Demand (BOD),

Dissolved Oxygen

(DO), Ammonia,

Nitrites, Nitrates,

Total Nitrogen,

Salinity, Turbidity,

Total Suspended

Solids (TSS),

Petroleum,

Hydrocarbons,

Phenols, Potassium,

Chlorides, Calcium,

Zinc, Iron, Copper,

Cadmium, Arsenic,

Mercury.)

APHA : 23rd Edition Once in a season

except monsoon

At Site and

surrounding area

Comparison with

specified limits and

previous baseline

data of the area if

available

Compliance report of

EC to MOEF&CC on 6

monthly


Consent to SPCB as

per requirement

- 15,00,000 per

annum

Sediment


TERMINAL AT HAJIRA, GUJARAT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM



S. No. Parameters Measurement methodology

Frequency Location Data analysis Reporting schedule

Fixed cost, INR

Recurring budget in INR

2

Marine subtidal and

intertidal Sediment

samples (Texture,

Total phosphorous,

Total organic carbon,

Phenolic compounds,

Cadmium, Chromium,

Lead and Mercury)


except monsoon

At Site and

surrounding area

Comparison with

specified limits and

previous baseline

data of the area if

available


EC to MOEF&CC on 6

monthly

Compliance report to

SPCB as per

requirement

- 5,00,000 per

annum

Biological Parameters

3

To determine the

composition and

distribution of major

groups of fauna

includes

Phytoplankton,

Zooplankton and

Benthos. (diversity,

density and biomass

estimation)


except monsoon

At Site and

surrounding area

Comparison with

specified limits

and previous

baseline data of

the area if

available


EC to MOEF&CC on 6

monthly

Compliance report to

SPCB as per

requirement

10,00,000 per

annum

4 Fisheries Survey - Twice in a year At Site and

surrounding area

Comparison with

specified limits

and previous

baseline data of

the area if

available


EC to MOEF&CC on 6

monthly

- 5,00,000 per

annum



PROPOSED LNG TERMINAL AT HAJIRA, GUJARAT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM



5.4 Regulatory Framework

The results of monitoring can be reported to the relevant authority annually or as required which could include:

Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi

State Department of Environment

State Department of Fisheries

State Pollution Control Board

Monitoring program will be continued during the construction and operational phases of the project. It will be

repeated at periodic intervals after the commencement of the project and when the project is fully operational. The

monitoring will be organized with qualified and experienced environmental team. Standard procedure will be

followed in sample collection and analysis.



PROPOSED LNG TERMINAL AT HAJIRA, GUJARAT ADDITIONAL STUDIES



6 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

6.1 Numerical modelling study

6.1.1 Model setup

Tide

Measured water elevation time series is obtained from the observed data at a location within the channel. The

depth of observation is about 4m below datum and the measurements are carried out using an Acoustic Doppler

Current Profiler (ADCP). The instrument would ideally collect the speed and direction of the flow through the entire

water column. An additional water level sensor is available in the said instrument, which has recorded the tide of

the site. The observed water levels at the ADCP location are analysed to separate the periodic and residual parts.

The tidal constituents for semi-diurnal tides of site are reported in the Table 6-1. It can be observed that M2 has

the highest amplitude and Mean sea level is 4.05m above the measurement reference level (Chart Datum as per

report). This analysis, provide a fair idea on the energy distribution.

Table 6-1: Tidal constituents at ADCP observation

Constituent Amplitude (m) Phase (degrees)

Z0 4.05 MSL

M2 1.98 294

S2 0.742 330

K1 0.62 8.8

O1 0.287 356

M4 0.16 108

MSF 0.149 98.9

MS4 0.115 152

M6 0.0488 234

2MS6 0.0415 295

SK3 0.0375 216

M3 0.0334 8.65

2MK5 0.0205 321

S4 0.0199 171

M8 0.0143 20.9

2SK5 0.0122 318

3MK7 0.00599 105

2SM6 0.00305 74

Current

The velocity time series from the mid depth is analysed for the speed contribution by various constituents. A

persistent current of 22 cm/s was observed flowing towards North West. The M2 constituent is approximately 15

degrees out of phase from the progressive wave.






Table 6-2: Current analysis for ADCP location

Constituent Major (m/s)

Minor (m/s)

Direction

(degrees)

Phase

(degrees)

M2 0.498 0.0101 27 219.

S2 0.149 -0.0112 29.1 227.

M4 0.114 -0.0106 86.5 67.8

K1 0.0667 -0.00151 29.5 282.

MS4 0.0583 -0.0261 93.5 82.4

M3 0.0493 0.0293 160 354.

MSF 0.0548 0.0137 17.5 214.

O1 0.0527 -0.00481 51.5 281.

M6 0.0349 0.0262 59.9 238.

2MS6 0.0324 0.0127 59.1 312.

2MK5 0.0342 0.0021 65.7 317.

S4 0.0309 0.00441 93.1 22.7

SK3 0.0298 0.0061 154 108.

2SM6 0.0176 0.0111 125 281.

3MK7 0.0196 -0.00506 122 129.

M8 0.0142 0.00455 36.1 50.3

2SK5 0.0101 -0.00561 22.8 277.

Figure 6-1: M2 Tidal ellipse






Figure 6-2: Comparison of observed and reconstructed current velocity

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

2-4 2-6 2-8 2-10 2-12 2-14 2-16

Cu

rre

nt

spe

ed

, m/s

measured






6.1.2 Hydrodynamic Model

The hydrodynamic model for the area is built on the Delft3d Numerical model. The RC09 version of the modelling

suite is utilised for the study. The model solves the shallow water long wave equation in time domain and includes

nonlinear interaction with bottom boundary. Standard rectilinear grids with 100m resolution, in UTM coordinate

system are developed using the RGF Grid tool (Figure 6-3) and Depths are assigned based on NHO CHARTS data

(Figure 6-4). The domain has a total of 375 × 295 cells. The cells are strongly aligned with the direction of

channel in the berthing areas (Figure 6-3) and are considered decent for the approach channel oriented to the

SSW.

Large intertidal areas are included in the model to reduce the mismatch of results by mass inconsistency. The

boundary conditions for the model are derived from Topex/Poseidon altimeter corrected global tidal model. The

model is run in depth averaged mode for the February 2018 period to validate against the measurements. The

bottom friction is based on manning coefficient and is tuned to suit the observed current. Three observation points

are included in the simulation, of which ADCP corresponds to the direct measurements, whereas Hajira is in the

vicinity of shell port and the New Hajira Tapti is in the north of the present study.






Figure 6-3 : Numerical model grid

Figure 6-4: Bathymetry of the area (NHO CHARTS + Port Channel)

Validation

The model is calibrated to the current speed as it is the key to oil spill studies. The model is ramped up for duration

of 4 days approximately to attain the stability. The water level validation is done against measured water level and

is found to be in good agreement. Calibration efforts were put in to strike a balance between the observed currents

and the tidal component. Since tidal boundaries are utilised for the study, the detailing of bursts in current is

beyond the scope of the study and could be due to the river discharges.

100m resolution






The assumption of tidal dominance is valid since the river discharge is non-perennial in nature and is from one

among the highly managed catchments. It can be observed from Figure 6-7, that the magnitude and the direction

match with the observation summary reported. The change in direction of the port channel is observed to be the

hotspot of the current. The rapid intensification of current is due to propagation of tidal wave onto the bank and

the shoals during flooding and return flow obstruction by land mass on the west.

Figure 6-5: Simulated water level

Figure 6-6: Validation of Current speed

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

2-4 2-6 2-8 2-10 2-12 2-14 2-16

Wat

er

leve

l,m

model

TIDE

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

2-4 2-6 2-8 2-10 2-12 2-14 2-16

curr

en

t sp

ee

d, m

/s

measured

model






Tidal hydraulics

Spring conditions

Figure 6-7: Spatial view of spring current in the channel






Neap conditions

Figure 6-8: Spatial view of neap current in the channel

6.1.3 Inferences and conclusion from hydrodynamics simulation

The high currents are largely confined to the channel and majority of the water exchange occurs through the

deeper bathymetry. There is local circulation of water mass, pumped through channel and then into the Mindola

estuary during the flood. The currents are periodic in nature with 6hr cycle and are strongly driven by the tides in

Gulf of Khambhat. The berthing areas of Essar port are shielded from the strong currents even during the flood and

ebb times.






Oil spill study

Capsizing of the LNG ship scenario was considered for the oil spill study. For this study the LNG ship is assumed to

contain 1000 kilo litres of fuel oil and during capsizing of the ship, it is assumed that the oil spills of the ship within

one hour. This modelling exercise attempts to study the extent of the dispersion of the above quantum of the fuel

oil spilled into the sea.

Delft3D particle module is used to study the extent of the spread of the plume and resulting variation in the

concentrations in the estuary. This particle tracking module simulates the movement and spread of the fuel oil

plume under the influence of hydrodynamics simulated for the estuary.

The properties of the fuel oil are taken as follows:

Density of fuel oil – 928 kg/m3

Kinematic viscosity – 16.16 cSt

Emulsification and evaporation of the fuel oil are not considered in the simulation so that the results are on the

conservative side

Stickiness probability i.e. the probability of the fuel oil remaining struck to the bed soil once it touches soil, is kept

at 0.5. This implies that for 50 percent of time the fuel oil struck to the soil is again back into suspension.

The simulations were done for both flood and ebb tide to understand the extents of the spread of the oil plume for

both the conditions. The results from the simulation are given in figures below.

Spill during ebb tide

The results show that the amount at the end of the spill event i.e. one hour the concentrations of fuel oil rise to

around 0.0088 kg/m2 at the point of spill and the plume extends up to 1170 m with a width of around 104 meters.

At the end of 5 hours, the plume travels to a distance of 5 km south of the headland into the open sea under the

influence of ebb current with maximum concentrations reduced to 0.0009 kg/m2. The plume attains a long ribbon

like shape which is of length 5050 m and 220 m wide.

At the end of 10 hours, the slick disperses and under the influence of flood current gets back into the estuary

spreading both sides of the head lands with intermittent spikes in concentration and maximum concentrations

within the slick is reduced to 0.00018 kg/m2.

At the end of 24 hours, the slick is disintegrated and spreads all the approach channel and the outer face of the

headland and the maximum concentrations reduces to 0.00006 kg/m3 at intermittent points.

Spill during flood tide

The results show that the amount at the end of the spill event i.e. one hour the concentrations of fuel oil rise to

around 0.007 kg/m2 at the point of spill and the plume extends up to 1190 m in the north direction with a width of

around 120 meters.

At the end of 5 hours, the plume travels upstream into the river and enters the channels which are to the north and

south of the northern island under the influence of flood current with maximum concentrations reduced to 0.0014

kg/m2.

At the end of 10 hours, the plume has a south ward mobility under the influence of ebb current with intermittent

maximum concentrations of 0.0007 kg/m2 at the junction of the channels which are to the north and south of the

northern island.

At the end of 24 hours, the plume is further disintegrated and maximum concentrations of around 0.45 mg/l are

observed at the stretch of the river above the northern island.






Figure 6-9: Fuel oil concentration at the beginning of the spill started during ebb tide






Figure 6-10: Fuel oil concentration after one hour of the spill started during ebb tide






Figure 6-11: Fuel oil concentration after 5 hours of the spill started during ebb tide






Figure 6-14: Fuel oil concentration at the beginning of the spill started during flood tide






Figure 6-15: Fuel oil concentration after one hour of the spill which started during flood tide






Figure 6-16: Fuel oil concentration after 5 hour of the spill which started during flood tide






Figure 6-17: Fuel oil concentration after 10 hour of the spill which started during flood tide






Figure 6-18: fuel oil concentration after 24 hour of the spill which started during flood tide

Inferences and conclusion from oil spill simulation

The study shows that if the spill occurs during the ebb tide, the maximum concentration of oil due to the spill, at

the end of 24 hours is in the order of around 0.00006 kg/m2 and the concentrations are spread in an intermittent

manner in and around the Essar port and do not extend beyond the northern island.

The study shows that if the spill occurs during the flood tide, the maximum concentration of oil due to the spill, at

the end of 24 hours is in the order of around 0.00045 kg/m2 and the concentrations are spread mostly around the

right-angle bend in the river path next to the northern island.

The resultant concentrations due to the spill is more if start of the spill is during flood tide and the resulting

concentrations shows that the estuary is marked by good flushing characteristics.

The results show the efforts launched in the first hour after the spill are going to be most effective in containing the

spread of the spill and removal of the oil slick from the sea surface.

6.2 Shoreline changes

EBTL project has received EC for reclamation of 350 ha and dredging of Navigational channel, turning circle and

berth pockets etc. In 2014 EBTL has received EC for clearance for expansion of port facility by 4800m berth. The

2014 clearance was given for 4800 m berth facility with the breakup as follows. Bulk berth – 700m, General cargo

berth-700m, Liquid cargo berth – 500m, containers- 1100m, dry dock, offshore support ship repairs -1800m. In

2014 EC was granted for additional dredging proposed reclamation of 334 hectares of land.






EBTL presently envisages to use a part of this 4800 m berthing space for development of LNG facility. Since this is

not the commodity originally envisaged in 2014, EBTL has applied to MOEF for EC for this facility in September

2017. Study on shore line changes is part of the TOR issued subsequent to the application.

Channel dredged in the area would have caused some increase in the tidal prism in the creek where EBTL is

located. This would most likely have caused some changes in the shoreline opposite to EBTL port in the initial

years. The challenge is whether these changes are still continuing or has attained an equilibrium state resulting in

stable shoreline. The best way to understand this issue is to track changes in the zero-contour line over the past

few years. To identify the changes, a comparison is made between the zero-meter contour in 2013 and the same in

subsequent years. For the year 2013 zero contour was extracted from NHO chart and is compared with the zero-

contour extracted from Google Earth and details of the same is shown in Figure 6-19 to Figure 6-22. From the

figures, it can be seen that the zero-contour remains same over the period 2013-2016 which implies that there is

no likely change in the shoreline and has reached an equilibrium state.






Figure 6-19: 2013 zero-contour line superimposed on NHO chart number 2108






Figure 6-20: 2015 zero-contour line superimposed on Google earth Image






Figure 6-21: 2016 zero-contour line superimposed on Google earth Image






Figure 6-22: Comparison of zero-contour lines corresponding to 2013 (blue), 2015 (green), 2016 (red)



PROPOSED LNG TERMINAL AT HAJIRA, GUJARAT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)



7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

7.1 Purpose

The environmental management plan to mitigate the impacts on the marine environment due to proposed project

has been covered in this report. The Environment Management Plan (EMP) is prepared with a view to facilitate

effective environmental management of the project, in general and implementation of the mitigation measures in

particular. The EMP provides a delivery mechanism to address potential adverse impacts and to introduce standards

of good practice to be adopted for all project works. For each stage of the programme, the EMP lists all the

requirements to ensure effective mitigation of every potential marine impact identified in the EIA. For each impact

or operation, which could otherwise give rise to impact, the following information is presented:

Role of M/s EBTL and its contractors;

A comprehensive listing of the mitigation measures (actions) that M/s EBTL shall implement;

The parameters that shall be monitored to ensure effective implementation of the action;

The timing for implementation of the action to ensure that the objectives of mitigation are fully met.


TERMINAL AT HAJIRA, GUJARAT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)



7.2 Water environment

Details of expected impact from various activities, and its management plan are given in Table 7-1.

Table 7-1: Environmental management plan for water environment

EMP 1 Impacting

Activity/aspect Impacts Mitigation measures

and rationale

Implementation and Management

Location Timing Responsibility Monitoring Records Remarks

1.1

Generation of

grey and black

water Adverse impact

on marine water

quality

Wastewater will be

collected & treated in on

board STP. Treated

wastewater will be sent

onshore for storage in

holding tank and then

reused for greenbelt

within terminal

At Site All time EHS Manager/ EHS

Team

Inlet and outlet

quality of

sewage water

Wastewater

generation

and

monitoring

report.

-

1.2

Oil spill during

fuelling

Adverse impact

on marine water

quality

Oil spill disaster

contingency plan is

attached as

Attachment 1

Oil spill control

equipment such as

booms/ barriers will be

provided for

containment; and

skimmers will be


At Site

During

fuelling

Site EHS Manager /

EHS Team

Quantity of oil

spill and

recovered area

Nos. of

accident and

record of

accident

-





7.4 Sediment Environment

The environmental management plan is as given below in Table 7-2.

Table 7-2: Environmental management plan for soil environment

EMP 2

Impacting activities

Impacts Mitigation measures and

rationale

Implementation and Management

Location Timing Responsibility Monitoring Records Remarks

2.1 Accidental oil

Spillage

Contaminants

like oil can be

trapped in

the

sediments

due to

accidental

spillage

Oil spill

contingency plan

already available

to handle

accidental spill.

At Site

All time during

transportation of

materials

Site EHS Manager /

EHS Team

Quantity of oil

spill and

recovered area

Nos. of

accident and

record of

accident

-

7.5 Biological Environment

The environmental management plan is as given below in Table 7-3.

Table 7-3: Environment management plan for biological environment

EMP 3 Impacting activities

Impacts Mitigation measures and rationale

Implementation and management Remarks

Location Timing Responsibility Monitoring Records

1.1

Preparation of

FSU at

appropriate dry

dock/ purchase

location

Application of

anti-fouling

agents can

impact marine

fauna and

possibility enter

food chain

To eliminate/minimise

use of such agents since

the ship is going to be

stationary and fuel

consumption during

movement need not be

optimised since ship will

not move

At dry dock During FSU

preparation Site Supervisor EHS Manager Photographs -









3.1

Oil spill during

fuelling Adverse impact

on marine

ecology

Oil spill disaster

contingency plan is

already available and

attached as

Attachment 1

At Site

During

fuelling

Site EHS Manager /

EHS Team

Quantity of oil

spill and

recovered area

Nos. of

accident and

record of

accident

-

3.2

Generation of

hazardous waste

such as

equipment

maintenance

fluids, used oil,

bilge sludge,

toxic paints and

batteries

Improperly

managed

hazardous

waste can result

in adverse

impact on

marine ecology

and nearby

community

Collection, Segregation,

Storage, Transportation

and disposal to

approved Recycler M/s

Jabrawala Petroleum


Team

Periodic

monitoring

Waste

generation

and disposal

quantity

-

3.3

Generation of

grey and black

water

Grey water and

black water

which can

contain high

levels of BODs,

bacteria and

other

constituents

potentially

harmful to

marine

organisms

Wastewater will be

collected & treated in on

board STP. Treated

wastewater will be sent

onshore for storage in

holding tank and then

reused for greenbelt

within terminal.


Team

Inlet and outlet

quality of

sewage water

Wastewater

generation

and

monitoring

report.

-









3.4

Generation of

non-hazardous

solid waste

similar to

household waste

Garbage thrown

overboard or

managed

improperly can

have adverse

impact on

marine ecology

and general

health and

hygiene of

nearby

communities

through spread

of vector bourn

diseases

Solid waste will be

managed in

conformance with the

requirements laid out in

the Solid Waste

Management Rules

2016.and Marpol annex

V


Team -

Records to

be

maintained

regarding

waste

generation

and disposal

quantity

-



PROPOSED LNG TERMINAL AT HAJIRA, GUJARAT SUMMARY & CONCLUSION



8 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

8.1 Introduction & background

Please refer chapter 11, section 11.1 to 11.2 of Terrestrial EIA report.

8.2 Project description

Please refer chapter 11, section 11.3 of Terrestrial EIA report.

8.3 Description of the environment

8.3.1 Bathymetry

The area of interest lies in Tapi estuary at the mouth of the river and the approach channel to the Essar Port is

flanked by reclaimed area and berths on the west side and intertidal zones on the east side. The intertidal zones

are part of the island systems which are formed due to the interaction of tidal and river flows in the funnel area at

the mouth of the river. The funnel area of the river mouth is divided into two separate channels, Essar port

approach channel to the west of the island system and Magdalla approach channel to the east of the island system.

The island system is divided in a diagonal by a shallow channel which runs in the south-west and north-east. The

Essar channel is marked with depths of 10-11 meters with respect to CD and the northern portion of the Essar

channel in the estuary are marked by shallow depths which do not exceed 2.7 meters with respect to CD.

8.3.2 Wind

The data shows that the predominant directions for wind are from SW and WSW. The maximum wind speed is

around 14.86 m/sec and the direction of this is 216 degrees w.r.t north.

8.3.3 Tide

Tidal conditions at Hajira based on naval hydrographic chart number 2108 are in Table 8-1.

Table 8-1: Tide condition

Tidal condition Height in m w.r.t CD

MHWS 7.4

MHWN 6.0

MLWN 3.1

MLWS 1.7

MSL 4.2

Measured water elevation time series was collected in the channel in Feb 2018. The depth of observation is about

4.5m below datum and the measurements are carried out using an Acoustic Doppler current profiler. The

instrument would ideally collect the speed and direction of the flow through the entire water column. An additional

water level sensor is available in the said instrument, which has recorded the tide of the site. The values are given

in the Figure 8-1.






Figure 8-1: Tide level

8.3.4 Current

The velocity time series from the mid depth is analysed for the speed contribution by various constituents. Currents

measured by ADCP at different levels of the water column i.e. top and bottom. It can be seen that the estuary is

well mixed as directions and magnitudes of currents are more or less equal across the depth of the water column.

8.3.5 Water, Sediment and Flora Fauna

Both physico chemical and biological parameters were studied from 8 sampling stations. Total 5 stations were

located in the Tapi estuary region and remaining 3 stations were located in the open water in the Arabian sea.

Due to winter sampling average water temperature was low and varied from 22 - 28°C.

pH of the water was slightly basic, varied from 7.8 to 8.1.

There was no specific trend of TSS concentration gradient from estuarine region to Sea. However, in

comparison to the previous study conducted by NIO, TSS was recorded to be much lower in the estuarine area.

Salinity of all the stations varied from 33 PPT to 35.5 PPT which reflect there was no much influence of

freshwater inflow from the estuaries.

Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of water was moderate, which can be comparable to the previous study

conducted by NIO.

In majority of the stations, BOD value was more than 8 mg/L.

PHC concentration varied between 20 to 45 µg/L and phenol concentration was 30 to 60 µg/L. Concentration of

both the parameters were higher than the previous study conducted by NIO.

Phosphate concentration varied between 0.003 to 2.78 mg/L.

Nitrate, nitrite and ammonia concentration were comparatively low in all the stations.






Among heavy metals, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were studied from all the water samples. Concentration of

all the metals varied between 0.1- 0.14 µg/L (Cr), 10-16 µg/L (Fe), 1-2 µg/L (Ni), 0.8-1.0 µg/L(Cu), 0.5 - 12

µg/L (Zn), 0.2-0.6 µg/L (Cd) and 0.2-0.7 µg/L (Pb) respectively.

Total 4 number of sediment samples were analyzed. In all the samples sand percentage was much higher than

silt and clay.

Phytoplankton and zoo plankton diversity and abundance were very low in all the sampling stations.

Benthos diversity was also comparatively low in all the stations may be due to continuous dredging activity.

Total bacterial counts of HT water samples varied between 1× 101 to 3.08 × 102 CFU/ml. Enterobacterial

counts and Vibrio counts, Pseudomonas and Aeromonas counts were also low in HT water which indicate less

anthropogenic influence. Bacterial load was comparatively high in LT water samples.

In the case of sea sediment samples, Total bacterial counts were comparable between HT and LT samples.

Vibrio and Aeromonas were absent in majority of the stations.

Among the mangrove species Avicennia marina, Sonneratia apetala and Acanthus ilicifolius were commonly

observed. Marsh vegetation consisted of Sesuvium portulacastrum and occasionally Sueada sp, Cyperus sp,

Desmostachya bipinnata and Dichanthium aristatum – grass.

There was no report of seaweed, coral species in the study area.

Marine species of turtle have been reported at some sites along the western coast of Gulf. However, turtles

were not sighted during study period.

Dolphin and whale have been occasionally seen in the Gulf but were not sighted during study period.

There is no major fish landing center in the area

8.4 Environmental impact identification, prediction and mitigation measures

8.4.1 Water environment

Impact on water due to wastewater generation, solid & hazardous waste generation and oil spill

during fuelling

This may lead to adverse impact on marine water quality.

Impact on water due to accidental spillage

As such it is noted that the Port is equipped with an adequate VTMS system, thereby eliminating chances of

accidents and incidents involving ship to ship collision and consequent discharge of materials into the marine

environment. However, in the remotest of cases, during towing and berthing of the ships or owing to natural

calamity or piloting errors, there can be a rare possibility of mishaps like ship collision or ship hitting against the

wharf or ship getting grounded. During such events the ship may get damaged or in the worst case, capsize and

lead to oil spill inside the port basin or in the vicinity.

Mitigation measures for impacts on water

Wastewater will be collected & treated in on board STP. Treated wastewater will be sent onshore for storage in

holding tank and then reused for greenbelt within terminal.



Implement monitoring program to monitor water quality



As the accidental spill will be in harboured waters, response time for shutting down the fuelling, containment

and recovery will be quicker






As a precautionary measures oil spill model was also run to know the severity and impacted zone of spills due

to the proposed project

Since this is an existing port, Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan is already available to handle oil spill. Oil

Contingency Team headed by a trained expert has been established at port. Coordination has been established

with the Indian Coast Guard.

8.4.2 Sediment environment

Impact on sediment due to accidental spillage of fuel oil

It is noted that in extremely rare events, small quantities of oil (as mentioned in the OSDCP) can leak into the

environment and therefore enter the marine waters. Such an event has never occurred in the past, however, good

practice entails understanding the possible impacts on the environment, in case it does.

Contamination of sediments with oil may modify chemical, physical and biological processes.

The persistent toxic constituents of oil, such as heavy metals, can become stored in the sediments, and taken up

into the food chain.

Mitigation measures

Since this is an existing port, Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan is already available to handle oil spill. Oil

Contingency Team headed by a trained expert has been established at port. Coordination has been established with

the Indian Coast Guard. Readily available oil handling equipment like booms, skimmer and chemicals for dispersion.

8.4.3 Air Environment

Impact due to Consumption of fuel and operation of engines during idling and cargo loading

unloading

Air emission in the form of PM, NOx, SO2, HC & CO

Mitigation measures

Fuel conforming to MARPOL Annex VI with sulphur content <0.5%.

Optimal maintenance of engines so as to ensure appropriate air fuel mixture and minimal emissions.

Implement monitoring program to monitor effects of air emissions on ecological communities

8.4.4 Flora & fauna

Impact due to application of antifouling agents on FSU, generation of solid & hazardous waste

Application of anti-fouling agents can impact marine fauna and possibility enter food chain

Garbage thrown overboard or managed improperly can have adverse impact on marine ecology

Improperly managed hazardous waste can result in adverse impact on marine ecology

Disturbance to fishes due to movement of ships and accidental spillage only.


Disturbance to fishes due to movement of ships and accidental spillage only. Fishes from affected zone may get

temporarily tainted. Considering that the mouth estuarine zone of Tapi and associated coastal area is not

commercial fishing zone, impact would be minor and temporary.


Marine turtles and mammals are highly sensitive to oil spill and swim away from the spill site but there is no

impact on the same as marine turtles and mammals are not recorded at site






Mitigation measures

Eliminate/minimise use of such agents since the ship is going to be stationary and fuel consumption during

movement need not be optimised since ship will not move.



Collection, Segregation, Storage, Transportation and disposal to approved Recycler M/s Jabrawala Petroleum



Oil Contingency Team headed by a trained expert has been established at port. Coordination has been

established with the Indian Coast Guard.

Implement marine environmental monitoring programme

8.5 Additional studies

8.5.1 Hydrodynamic modelling

The high currents are largely confined to the channel and majority of the water exchange occurs through the

deeper bathymetry. There is local circulation of water mass, pumped through channel and then into the Mindola

estuary during the flood. The currents are periodic in nature with 6hr cycle and are strongly driven by the tides in

Gulf of Khambhat. The berthing areas of Essar port are shielded from the strong currents even during the flood and

ebb times.

8.5.2 Oil spill

The study shows that if the spill occurs during the ebb tide, the maximum concentration of oil due to the spill, at

the end of 24 hours is in the order of around 0.00006 kg/m2 and the concentrations are spread in an intermittent

manner in and around the Essar port and do not extend beyond the northern island.

The study shows that if the spill occurs during the flood tide, the maximum concentration of oil due to the spill, at

the end of 24 hours is in the order of around 0.00045 kg/m2 and the concentrations are spread mostly around the

right-angle bend in the river path next to the northern island.

The resultant concentrations due to the spill is more if start of the spill is during flood tide and the resulting

concentrations shows that the estuary is marked by good flushing characteristics.

The results show the efforts launched in the first hour after the spill are going to be most effective in containing the

spread of the spill and removal of the oil slick from the sea surface.

8.5.3 Shoreline change

Channel dredged in the area would have caused some increase in the tidal prism in the creek where EBTL is

located. This would most likely have caused some changes in the shoreline opposite to EBTL port in the initial

years. The challenge is whether these changes are still continuing or has attained an equilibrium state resulting in

stable shoreline. The best way to understand this issue is to track changes in the zero-contour line over the past

few years. To identify the changes, a comparison is made between the zero-meter contour in 2013 and the same in

subsequent years. For the year 2013 zero contour was extracted from NHO chart and is compared with the zero-

contour extracted from Google Earth. From this, it can be seen that the zero-contour remains same over the period

2013-2016 which implies that there is no likely change in the shoreline and has reached an equilibrium state.






8.6 Environmental management plan

The EMP provides a delivery mechanism to address potential adverse impacts and to introduce standards of good

practice to be adopted for all project works. For each stage of the programme, the EMP lists all the requirements to

ensure effective mitigation of every potential marine impact identified in the EIA. For each impact or operation,

which could otherwise give rise to impact, the following information is presented:

Role of M/s EBTL and its contractors;

A comprehensive listing of the mitigation measures (actions) that M/s EBTL shall implement;

The parameters that shall be monitored to ensure effective implementation of the action;

The timing for implementation of the action to ensure that the objectives of mitigation are fully met.



PROPOSED LNG TERMINAL AT HAJIRA, GUJARAT DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS



9 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

9.1 Team members of Central Salt & Marine Environment Research Institute (CSMCRI) &

Kadam Environmental Consultants (KEC)

Sr. No. Name Designation

CSMCRI

Project Team (Scientists)

1 Dr. S. Haldar Senior Scientist

2 Dr. R.B. Thorat Principal Scientist

3 Mr. Anil Kumar M Scientist

Project Staff

4 Mr. Narshibhai R Baraiya Technician

5 Ms. AmbikaShinde Project JRF

6 Ms. ManaliRathod Project Assistant

7 Mr. Pratik D Sengani Project Assistant

8 Mr. Amit Chanchpara Project Assistant

9 Ms. Krishna Raval Project Assistant

10 Ms. Rami Niki Project Assistant

Kadam Environmental Consultants

Project Team

1 Dr. Tanaji Jagtap EIA Coordinator

2 Sangram Kadam Functional Area Expert

3 Dr. Sourav Kundu Functional Area Expert

4 Sheetal Kadam Functional Area Expert

5 Mitali Khuman Functional Area Expert

6 Prachi Shah Team Member

7 Suchita Salvi Senior Chemist

8 Jeetesh Mali Draftsman

9 Anup Ojha Field Person

10 Priya Patel Chemist

11 Bhavisha Pandya Chemist



PROPOSED LNG TERMINAL AT HAJIRA, GUJARAT ATTACHMENT



ATTACHMENT






Attachment 1: Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan






Attachment 2: Ship Tranquillity Study (Wave Transformation Studies)

APPENDIX 1 · ESSAR BULK TERMINAL LIMITED Marine Environmental Evaluation for Development of LNG...

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