Appendicular Skeleton Lecture Notes ANATOMY

LATIN TERMSOdon = toothPect = breastPelv= basinSutur= seam

Vert = turn; jointEndo = withinEpi= uponLamina = thin plate

/ FibulaTARSALSPHALANGESPHALANGESHUMERUS

Clavicles are S shaped bones that originate at the superior lateral border of the manubrium of the sternum (jugular notches)Scapulas are flat bones located at the posterior lateral portion of the body.SUPERIORINFERIORMEDIALLATERAL

Brachium and AntebrachiumBrachium = Upper Limb30 bones per limbBrachium contains the humerusAntebrachium or forearm contains the radius & ulna (radius on thumb side)Carpus or wrist contains 8 small bones arranged in two rowsManus or hand contains 19 bones in 2 groups5 metacarpals in the palm14 phalanges in the fingers

Upper Limbs: (Brachium)Humerus is a long bone that extends from the scapula to the elbow. The superior round portion that articulates with the scapula is known as the headBe able to identify the greater and lesser tuberclesPAGE 242 in AP book. Important site for muscle attachmentAny blow to the ulnar nerve will send a sensation known as a funny bone

BONES OF THE FOREARM (Antebrachium)The humerus articulates with the radius and ulna at a location known as the condyleUlna is a long bone that is medial to the radius.The olecranon process is the superior end of the ulna and is the point of the elbowRadius is the lateral bone of the forearmPAGE 243 in AP book

CARPAL BONESThe carpus is the wrist containing 8 carpal short bonesIs this diagram showing correct anatomical positioning????Metacarpals are short bones that articulate with the distal carpal bones to support the handRoman numerals are used to identify the metacarpals from lateral to medial Phalanges (14 finger bones) that articulate distally to the metacarpal bonesThumb is known as the pollex

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Checking for understanding!Skeleton worksheet: Color the axial and appendicular skeleton and then identify ALL the bones of the ENTIRE skeleton. Use pages 207 and 239 in the A & P book.Colored pencils can be found in the back of the room.

THE PELVIC GIRDLE aka Ossa Coxae

IliumPubisIschiumPubic symphysis made of cartilage

Comparison of Male & FemaleFemale: less massive, shallower pubic arch greater than 100 degrees, and pelvic inlet round or ovalMale: heavier, upper pelvis nearly vertical, coccyx more vertical, and pelvic inlet heart-shaped, outlet smaller

HINT: Womans pelvis must be larger to allow for childbirth.

LOWER LIMBS

FEMUR pg 250

Longest and heaviest bone in the bodyHeadNeckShaftGreater Trochanter

CONDYLE

A triangular Sesamoid boneEnclosed within the tendonsGuards the knee joint

Tibia and FibulaTibia- Large medial bone that articulates with the condyles of the femur and helps support weightTibia= shinboneFibula - Parallels the lateral border of the tibia and aids in moving the foot and toes

Tarsals, MetaTarsals and phalangesTarsals= ankle and heelHeel= CalcaneusMetatarsals=middle of the foot and Roman numerals are used to identify the metatarsals from medial to lateral.this is opposite than the metacarpalsPhalanges- 14 toe bones, the great toe #1 has 2 phalanges and the other 4 toes have 3 phalanges

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JOINTS(aka articulations)HUMAN ANATOMY

LATIN TERMS that you will find very helpful in remembering JOINTS!Arthros = jointSyn = togetherAmphi = both sidesDia = throughPlanta = soleIn = into

SynarthrosisAmphiarthrosisDiarthrosis (synovial joints)

Use pg. 268 in your book to identify the various types of joints and and examples per the human body!

Dislocation (luxation)Articulating bones are forced out of position by extreme stressCan cause damage to cartilage, ligaments or distort the joint cavitySubluxationPartial dislocationLess severedouble-jointed persons more likely to suffer subluxation

Gliding2 surfaces slide past each otherCircumductionRotationFlexion/extensionSupination/pronationOppositionLABEL THE PICTURES ON YOUR HANDOUTPg. 263-267

Inversion/eversionRetraction/protractionDepression/elevationDorsiflexion/plantar flexionLateral flexionAbduction/adductionPg. 263-267

THE END

Choose ONE of the following terms to graffiti on the blank piece of paper:Appendicular SkeletonJointsPectoral GirdlePelvic GirdleCarpal BonesTarsal BonesDislocation

On the back, explain what each letter is and how it relates to the term you chose.

Make your graffiti COLORFUL & CREATIVE!!!