APPENDICES - NASA
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APPEICES A List of Inteational Authors, Contributors, and Reviewers B Ma j or Acronyms and Abbreviations c Chemical Foulae and Nomenclature
Transcript of APPENDICES - NASA
APPENDICES
A List of International Authors, Contributors, and Reviewers
B Major Acronyms and Abbreviations
c Chemical Formulae and Nomenclature
Daniel L. Albritton Pieter J. Aucamp Gerard Megie Robert T. Watson
Gerard Megie
APPENDIX A
LIST OF INTERNATIONAL AUTHORS,
CoNTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
CocHAIRS
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Ptersa Environmental Consultants Service d' Aeronomie du CNRS The World Bank
AuTHORS AND CoNTRIBUTORS
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT OZONE
Coordinator
Service d' Aeronomie du CNRS
PART 1. HALOCARBON, OZONE, AND TEMPERATURE CHANGES
Ronald G. Prinn R. Zander
Derek M. Cunnold James W. Elkins Andreas Engel Paul J. Fraser Michael R. Gunson Malcolm K.W. Ko Emmanuel Mahieu Pauline M. Midgley James M. Russell III C. Michael Yolk Ray F. Weiss
Donald R. Blake
CHAPTER 1: LONG-LIVED OZONE-RELATED COMPOUNDS
Chapter Lead Authors
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Universite de Liege
Coauthors
Georgia Institute of Technology NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Universitat Frankfurt CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc.
Universite de Liege M & D Consulting Hampton University Universitat Frankfurt University of California at San Diego
Contributors
University of California at Irvine
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AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
James H. Butler David W. Fahey J ochen Harnisch Dana E. Hartley Dale F. Hurst Nicholas B. Jones Manfred Maiss Archie McCulloch Stephen A. Montzka David E. Oram Stuart A. Penkett Curtis P. Rinsland Ross J. Salawitch Sue M. Schauffler Ulrich Schmidt Peter G. Simmonds Thayne M. Thompson Geoffrey C. Toon
Michael J. Kurylo Jose M. Rodriguez
Meinrat 0. Andreae Elliot L. Atlas Donald R. Blake James H. Butler Shyam Lal David J. Lary Pauline M. Midgley Stephen A. Montzka Paul C. Novelli Claire E. Reeves Peter G. Simmonds L. Paul Steele William T. Sturges Ray F. Weiss Youko Yokouchi
Derek M. Cunnold Ed Dlugokencky James W. Elkins David E. Etheridge
NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory Max-Planck-lnstitut fUr Aeronomie Georgia Institute of Technology NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory/CIRES National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd. (NIWA) Max-Planck-Institut fUr Chemie ICI Chemicals & Polymers Ltd. NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory University of East Anglia University of East Anglia NASA Langley Research Center California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory National Center for Atmospheric Research Universitat Frankfurt University of Bristol NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory
CHAPTER 2: SHORT-LIVED OZONE-RELATED COMPOUNDS
Chapter Lead Authors
National Institute of Standards and Technology; NASA Headquarters Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc.
Coauthors
Max-Planck-Institut fUr Chemie National Center for Atmospheric Research University of California at Irvine NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Physical Research Laboratory Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Cambridge M & D Consulting NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory University of East Anglia University of Bristol CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research University of East Anglia University of California at San Diego National Institute for Environmental Studies
Contributors
Georgia Institute of Technology NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research
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Paul J. Fraser Dana E. Hartley Malcolm K.W. Ko Sasha Madronich Emmanuel Mahieu Andrew Matthews Archie McCulloch David E. Oram John J. Orlando Stuart A. Penkett Sue M. Schauffler Shari A. Yvon-Lewis
AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research Georgia Institute of Technology Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. National Center for Atmospheric Research Universite de Liege National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd. (NIWA) ICI Chemicals & Polymers Ltd. University of East Anglia National Center for Atmospheric Research University of East Anglia National Center for Atmospheric Research NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
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CHAPTER 3: GLOBAL DISTRIBUTIONS AND CHANGES IN STRATOSPHERIC PARTICLES
Sophie Godin Lamont R. Poole
Slimane Bekki Terry Deshler Niels Larsen Thomas Peter
Alberto Adriani John Barnes Richard Bevilacqua Christine David Guido Di Donfrancesco Michael Fromm Mark Hervig Horst Jager Beiping Luo Roland Neuber Mary Osborn Wolfgang Renger Larry Thomason Osamu Uchino Martin Wirth
Rumen D. Bojkov Robert Hudson
Chapter Lead Authors
Service d' Aeronomie du CNRS NASA Langley Research Center
Coauthors
Service d' Aeronomie du CNRS University of Wyoming Danmarks Meteorologiske Institut Max-Planck-Institut fur Chemie
Contributors
Consiglio Nazionale della Richerche Istituto di Fisica dell' Atmosfera NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Naval Research Laboratory Service d' Aeronomie du CNRS Consiglio Nazionale della Richerche Istituto di Fisica dell' Atmosfera Computational Physics, Inc. University of Wyoming Fraunhofer-Institut fur Atmospharische Umweltforschung Zhenjiang Rietschle Machinery Company, Ltd. Alfred Wegener Institute Science Applications International Corporation Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fur Luft- und Raumfahrt NASA Langley Research Center Japan Meteorological Agency Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fur Luft- und Raumfahrt
CHAPTER 4: OZONE VARIABILITY AND TRENDS
Chapter Lead Authors
World Meteorological Organization University of Maryland
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AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
Lane Bishop Vitali Fioletov James M. Russell III Richard Stolarski Osamu Uchino Christos Zerefos
Coauthors
AlliedSignal Inc. Atmospheric Environment Service Hampton University NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Japan Meteorological Agency Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Contributors
Roger Atkinson Bureau of Meteorology Dimitrios S. Balis Aristotle University of Thessaloniki P.K. Bhartia NASA Goddard Space Flight Center H. Claude Meteorological Observatory HohenpeiBenberg Lawrence E. Flynn Software Corporation of America Robert Guicherit Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) Fumio Hasebe Ibaraki University G.J. Labow Raytheon STX Inc. Jennifer A. Logan Harvard University Richard D. McPeters NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Alvin J. Miller NOAA NWS Climate Prediction Center Rolf Muller Forschungszentrum Jiilich Ruben Piacentini Planetaria y Observatorio de Rosario William J. Randel National Center for Atmospheric Research Herman Smit Forschungszentrum Jiilich B.H. Subbaraya Physical Research Laboratory Kleareti Tourpali Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Peter von der Gathen Alfred Wegener Institute Ahmed Zand Tehran University Members of the SPARC/IOC Profile Trends Panel
CHAPTER 5: TRENDS IN STRATOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES
Chapter Lead Authors
Marie-Lise Chanin Service d'Aeronomie du CNRS V. Ramaswamy NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
Coauthors
Dian J. Gaffen NOAA Air Resources Laboratory William J. Randel National Center for Atmospheric Research Richard B. Rood NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Masato Shiotani Hokkaido University
Contributors
James K. Angell NOAA Air Resources Laboratory J. Barnett Oxford University Piers M. de F. Forster University of Reading Melvyn E. Gelman NOAA NWS Climate Prediction Center James Hansen NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies
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Philippe Keckhut Yuri Koshelkov Karin Labitzke J.-J. Roger Lin E.V. Lysenko John Nash Alan O'Neill M. Daniel Schwarzkopf Keith P. Shine Richard Swinbank Osamu Uchino
AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
Service d' Aeronomie du CNRS Central Aero logical Observatory Freie Universitiit Berlin Research and Data Systems Corporation Central Aero logical Observatory U.K. Meteorological Office University of Reading NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory University of Reading NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Japan Meteorological Agency
France Russia
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PART 2. ADVANCES IN UNDERSTANDING THE PROCESSES INVOLVED
Rolf Muller Ross J. Salawitch
Paul J. Crutzen William A. Lahoz Gloria L. Manney Ralf Toumi
David B. Considine Simon J. Evans Jens-Uwe GrooJ3 Charles H. Jackman Kenneth W. Jucks Douglas E. Kinnison Alvin J. Miller Gary A. Morris Gerald E. N edoluha Cynthia D. Nevison William J. Randel A.R. Ravishankara James M. Russell III Karen H. Sage Michelle L. Santee David E. Siskind Michael E. Summers Jorg Trentmann Ray H.J. Wang Jerry Ziemke
CHAPTER 6: UPPER STRATOSPHERIC PROCESSES
Chapter Lead Authors
Forschungszentrum Jiilich California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Coauthors
Max-Planck-Institut fur Chemie University of Reading California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory Imperial College
Contributors
University of Maryland; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Imperial College Forschungszentrum Jiilich NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory NOAA NWS Climate Prediction Center Valparaiso University Naval Research Laboratory National Center for Atmospheric Research National Center for Atmospheric Research NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory
Hampton University NASA Langley Research Center California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory Naval Research Laboratory Naval Research Laboratory Max-Planck-Institut fur Chemie Georgia Institute of Technology Software Corporation of America
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AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
CHAPTER 7: LOWER STRATOSPHERIC PROCESSES
Chapter Lead Authors
A.R. Ravishankara NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory Theodore G. Shepherd University of Toronto
Martyn Chipperfield Peter Haynes Randy Kawa Thomas Peter Alan Plumb Bob Portmann William J. Randel Darryn Waugh Doug Worsnop
Stephan Borrmann Byron Boville Ken Carslaw Rod Jones Mike Mozurkewich Rolf Miiller Donal O'Sullivan Gilles Poulet Michel Rossi Stan Sander
Coauthors
Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Cambridge Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Cambridge NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Max-Planck-Institut fUr Chemie Massachusetts Institute of Technology NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory National Center for Atmospheric Research Johns Hopkins University Aerodyne Research, Inc.
Contributors
Universitiit Mainz National Center for Atmospheric Research Max-Planck-Institut fiir Chemie Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Cambridge York University Forschungszentrum Jiilich North West Research Associates, Inc. Laboratoire de Combustion et Systemes Reactifs du CNRS Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory
CHAPTER 8: TROPOSPHERIC OZONE AND RELATED PROCESSES
Jos Lelieveld Anne M. Thompson
Roseanne D. Diab 0ystein Hov Dieter Kley Jennifer A. Logan Ole J. Nielsen William R. Stockwell Xiuji Zhou
Robert Guicherit Daniel J. Jacob Michael Kuhn
Chapter Lead Authors
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU) NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Coauthors
University of Natal Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU) Forschungszentrum Jiilich Harvard University Riso National Laboratory Fraunhofer-Institut fur Atmosphiirische Umweltforschung Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences
Contributors
Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)
Harvard University Fraunhofer-Institut fUr Atmosphiirische Umweltforschung
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AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
Jana B. Milford University of Colorado Howard W. Sidebottom University College Dublin Johannes Stiihelin Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Honggerberg
PART 3. IMPACTS OF OZONE CHANGES
CHAPTER 9: ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION AT THE EARTH'S SURFACE
Jay R. Herman Richard L. McKenzie
Susana Diaz James B. Kerr Sasha Madronich Gunther Seckmeyer
Germar Bernhard Mario Blumthaler Barry A. Bodhaine C. Rocky Booth Edward Celarier Piers M. de F. Forster Nickolay Krotkov Jacqueline Lenoble Kirsti Leszczynski Craig S. Long Bernhard Mayer Forrest Mims Patrick Neale Ruben Piacentini Ken G. Ryan Harry Slaper James R. Slusser Russell Wooldridge Christos Zerefos
Chapter Lead Authors
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd. (NIWA)
Coauthors
Centro Austral de Investigaciones Cientificas (CADI C) Atmospheric Environment Service National Center for Atmospheric Research Fraunhofer-Institut fur Atmosphiirische Umweltforschung
Contributors
Fraunhofer-Institut fur Atmosphiirische Umweltforschung Universitiit Innsbruck NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Biospherical Instruments, Inc. Software Corporation of America University of Reading Raytheon STX Inc. Universite des Sciences et Technologies de Lille 1 Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) NOAA NWS Climate Prediction Center Fraunhofer-Institut fUr Atmosphiirische Umweltforschung Sun Photometer Atmospheric Network Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Planetaria y Observatorio de Rosario Industrial Research Limited National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) Colorado State University IDEA Corporation Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
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CHAPTER 10: CLIMATE EFFECTS OF OZONE AND HALOCARBON CHANGES
Claire Granier Keith P. Shine
John S. Daniel
Chapter Lead Authors
Service d'Aeronomie du CNRS; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory University of Reading
Coauthors
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory
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AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
James Hansen Shyam Lal Frode Stordal
Slimane Bekki Lane Bishop Jan Fuglestvedt
Jan-Eiof Jonson Sasha Madronich Gunnar Myhre
Sasha Madronich Guus J.M. Velders
John S. Daniel Murari Lal Archie McCulloch Harry Slaper
Mack McFarland Pauline M. Midgley Nelson A. Sabogal Susan Solomon Donald J. Wuebbles
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Physical Research Laboratory Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU)
Contributors
Service d' Aeronomie du CNRS AlliedSignal Inc. Universitetet I Oslo Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research Universitetet I Oslo National Center for Atmospheric Research Universitetet I Oslo
PART 4. PREDICTIONS OF FUTURE CHANGES
CHAPTER 1 1: HALOCARBON SCENARIOS FOR THE FUTURE OZONE LAYER AND RELATED CONSEQUENCES
Chapter Lead Authors
National Center for Atmospheric Research National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)
Coauthors
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory Indian Institute of Technology ICI Chemicals & Polymers Ltd. National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)
DuPont Fluoroproducts M & D Consulting
Contributors
United Nations Environment Programme NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory University of Illinois
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CHAPTER 12: PREDICTING FUTURE OZONE CHANGES AND DETECTION OF RECOVERY
David J. Hofmann John A. Pyle
John Austin Neal Butchart Charles H. Jackman Douglas E. Kinnison Franck Lefevre
Chapter Lead Authors
NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Cambridge
Coauthors
U.K. Meteorological Office U.K. Meteorological Office NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Meteo-France, Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques
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AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
Giovanni Pitari Drew Shindell Ralf Toumi Peter von der Gathen
Universita degli Studi dell' Aquila NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies University of Cambridge Alfred Wegener Institute
Contributors
Slimane Bekki Service d'Aeronomie du CNRS; University of Cambridge Christoph Briihl Max-Planck-Institut fur Chemie Peter S. Connell Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Martin Dameris Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fur Luft- and Raumfahrt Eric L. Fleming Space Applications Corporation Stacey M. Hollandsworth Space Applications Corporation Samuel J. Oltmans NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Lakshman Randeniya CSIRO Telecommunications and Industrial Physics Markus Rex Alfred Wegener Institute Bjoerg Rognerud Universitetet I Oslo Sergei P. Smyshlyaev Russian State Hydrometeorological Institute Hubert Teyssedre Meteo-France, Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques Guus J.M. Velders National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) Debra K. Weisenstein Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. Jerry Ziemke Software Corporation of America
Nada Derek L. Kubrick Kathy A. Wolfe Diane Zander
Kathy A. Wolfe
Gail Haller Cathy Raphael Jeff Varanyak
Stephan Bottcher
CHAPTER EDITORIAL CONTRIBUTORS
CHAPTER 1: LONG-LIVED OZONE-RELATED COMPOUNDS
CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Computer Sciences Corporation Universite de Liege
CHAPTER 2: SHORT-LIVED OZONE-RELATED COMPOUNDS
Computer Sciences Corporation
CHAPTER 5: TRENDS IN STRATOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES
NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
CHAPTER 6: UPPER STRATOSPHERIC PROCESSES
Tel Aviv University
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CHAPTER 7: LOWER STRATOSPHERIC PROCESSES
LeAnn Droppleman NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory us
CHAPTER 8: TROPOSPHERIC OZONE
Matthew G. Seybold Steven Myers and Associates Corporation/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center us
CHAPTER 11: SCENARIOS FOR THE FUTURE OZONE LAYER AND RELATED CONSEQUENCES
Chris Fischer National Center for Atmospheric Research us
CHAPTER 12: PREDICTING FUTURE OZONE CHANGES AND DETECTION OF RECOVERY
Ann Thome NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory
REVIEWERS
Daniel L. Albritton National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Georgios T. Amanatidis European Commission James K. Angell NOAA Air Resources Laboratory Pieter J. Aucamp Ptersa Environmental Consultants Linnea Avallone University of Colorado Darrel Baumgardner National Center for Atmospheric Research Lane Bishop AlliedSignal Inc. Mario Blumthaler UniversiHit Innsbmck Greg Bodeker National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd. (NIWA) Barry A. Bodhaine NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Rumen D. Bojkov World Meteorological Organization Guy Brasseur National Center for Atmospheric Research Christoph Briihl Max-Planck-Institut fUr Chemie William H. Brune Pennsylvania State University Neal Butchart U.K. Meteorological Office Pablo 0. Canziani Universidad de Buenos Aires Daniel Cariolle Meteo-France, Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques Marie-Lise Chanin Service d' Aeronomie du CNRS Cathy Clerbaux Service d' Aeronomie du CNRS Michael Coffey National Center for Atmospheric Research R.A. Cox Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Cambridge Paul J. Crutzen Max-Planck-Institut fUr Chemie John S. Daniel NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory Richard Derwent U.K. Meteorological Office Susana Diaz Centro Austral de Investigaciones Cientificas (CADI C) Ed Dlugokencky NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Thomas Duafala Tri-Cal Research Division Dieter H. Ehhalt Institut fUr Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphiire James W. Elkins NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory
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Christine A. Ennis David W. Fahey Jack Fishman Piers M. de F. Forster J. Paul F. Fortuin Paul J. Fraser Lucien Froidevaux Marvin A. Geller Sophie Godin Allen Goldstein George S. Golitsyn Claire Granier William B. Grant Robert Guicherit Neil R.P. Harris Alain Hauchecome Didier Hauglustaine Jay R. Herman David J. Hofmann James R. Holton Robert Hudson Drusilla Hufford Abdel Moneim Ibrahim Mohammad I. Ilyas Ivar S.A. Isaksen Tomoyuki Ito Evgeny A. Jadin Rod Jones Torben S. Jorgensen David Karoly Jack A. Kaye Rennie Kelder James B. Kerr Jhoon Kim Volker Kirchhoff Malcolm K.W. Ko Kunihiko Kodera Yutaka Kondo Janusz Krzyscin Michael J. Kurylo Murari Lal Yuan-Pem Lee Jos Lelieveld Joel M. Levy Jennifer A. Logan Craig S. Long Sasha Madronich Jerry D. Mahlman
Andrew Matthews M. Patrick McCormick
AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory/CIRES NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory NASA Langley Research Center University of Reading Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (KNMI) CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory State University of New York at Stony Brook Service d' Aeronomie du CNRS College of Natural Resources Russian Academy of Sciences Service d'Aeronomie du CNRS; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory NASA Langley Research Center Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit Service d' Aeronomie du CNRS National Center for Atmospheric Research NASA Goddard Space Flight Center NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory University of Washington University of Maryland U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Egyptian Meteorological Authority Universiti Sains Malaysia Universitetet I Oslo Japan Meteorological Agency Central Aero logical Observatory Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Cambridge Danmarks Meteorologiske Institut Monash University NASA Headquarters Koninklijk N ederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (KNMI) Atmospheric Environment Service Korea Aerospace Research Institute Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. Meteorological Research Institute Nagoya University Polish Academy of Sciences National Institute of Standards and Technology; NASA Headquarters Indian Institute of Technology National Tsing Hua University Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU) NOAA Office of Global Programs Harvard University NOAA NWS Climate Prediction Center National Center for Atmospheric Research NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd. (NIWA) Hampton University
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Republic of Korea Brazil
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AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
Archie McCulloch ICI Chemicals & Polymers Ltd.
Mack McFarland DuPont Fluoroproducts Danny McKenna Forschungszentrum Jiilich Richard L. McKenzie National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd. (NIWA) Gerard Megie Service d'Aeronomie du CNRS Pauline M. Midgley M & D Consulting Alvin J. Miller NOAA NWS Climate Prediction Center Philippe Mirabel Universite Louis Pasteur Masa Miyauchi Japan Meteorological Agency Mario J. Molina Massachusetts Institute of Technology Rolf Miiller Forschungszentrum Jiilich Hideaki Nakane National Institute for Environmental Studies Paul A. Newman NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Samuel J. Oltmans NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Michael Oppenheimer Environmental Defense Fund Stuart A. Penkett University of East Anglia Joyce Penner University of Michigan Thomas Peter Max-Planck-Institut fur Chemie Michel Pirre Service d'Aeronomie du CNRS Jean-Pierre Pommereau Service d' Aeronomie du CNRS Lamont R. Poole NASA Langley Research Center Michael Prather University of California at Irvine M. Margarita Prendez Universidad de Chile Ronald G. Prinn Massachusetts Institute of Technology John A. Pyle Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Cambridge V. Ramaswamy NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory William J. Randel National Center for Atmospheric Research A.R. Ravishankara NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory George C. Reid NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory Henning Rodhe Stockholms Universitet Jose M. Rodriguez James M. Rosen James M. Russell III Keith R. Ryan Nelson A. Sabogal Ross J. Salawitch Eugenio Sanhueza Ulrich Schmidt
Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. University of Wyoming Hampton Univesity CSIRO Telecommunications and Industrial Physics United Nations Environment Programme California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory Institute Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC) Universitat Frankfurt
Ulrich Schumann Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fur Luft- und Raumfahrt Theodore G. Shepherd University of Toronto Keith P. Shine University of Reading Susan Solomon NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory Johannes Stahelin Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Honggerberg Leopolda Stefanutti Istituto di Riccrea sulle Onde Elettromagnetiche
del Consiglio Nazionale della Richerche William R. Stockwell Fraunhofer-Institut fur Atmosphiirische Umweltforschung
Physical Research Laboratory B.H. Subbaraya Petteri Taalas Finnish Meteorological Institute Xiao-Yan Tang Peking University Anne M. Thompson NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
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Brian Toon Michael Trainer Osamu Uchino Jan C. van der Leun Karel Vanicek Guus J.M. Velders Guido Visconti Andreas Volz-Thomas Wei-Chyung Wang Joe Waters Robert T. Watson Ray F. Weiss Paul 0. Wennberg James C. Wilson Donald J. Wuebbles Vladimir Yushkov Ahmed Zand R. Zander Christos Zerefos
Daniel L. Albritton Georgios T. Amanatidis Pieter J. Aucamp Lane Bishop Rumen D. Bojkov Marie-Lise Chanin R.A. Cox Paul J. Crutzen John S. Daniel Susana Diaz Thomas Duafala Dieter H. Ehhalt James W. Elkins Christine A. Ennis David W. Fahey Paul J. Fraser Lucien Froidevaux Marvin A. Geller Sophie Godin Claire Granier Neil R.P. Harris Jay R. Herman David J. Hofmann
AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
University of Colorado NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory Japan Meteorological Agency University Hospital Czech Hydrometeorological Institute National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) Universita degli Studi dell' Aquila Forschungszentrum Jiilich State University of New York at Albany California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory The World Bank University of California at San Diego California Institute of Technology University of Denver University of Illinois Central Aerological Observatory Tehran Unversity Universite de Liege Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
OzoNE PEER-REviEw MEETING
Les Diablerets, Switzerland
June 1-5, 1998
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration European Commission Ptersa Environmental Consultants AlliedSignal Inc. World Meteorological Organization Service d'Aeronomie du CNRS Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Cambridge Max-Planck-Institut fiir Chemie NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory Centro Austral de Investigaciones Cientificas (CADI C) Tri-Cal Research Division Institut fiir Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphare NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory/CIRES NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory State University of New York at Stony Brook Service d' Aeronomie du CNRS Service d' Aeronomie du CNRS; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit NASA Goddard Space Flight Center NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory
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AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
James R. Holton Robert Hudson Abdel Moneim Ibrahim Mohammad I. Ilyas Ivar S.A. Isaksen Rod Jones James B. Kerr Michael J. Kurylo Murari Lal Jos Lelieveld Jennifer A. Logan Sasha Madronich M. Patrick McCormick Mack McFarland Danny McKenna Richard L. McKenzie Gerard Megie Rolf MUller Hideaki Nakane Paul A. Newman Samuel J. Oltmans Stuart A. Penkett Thomas Peter Lamont R. Poole M. Margarita Prendez John A. Pyle V. Ramaswamy William J. Randel A.R. Ravishankara Jose M. Rodriguez James M. Russell III Nelson A. Sabogal Ross J. Salawitch Eugenio Sanhueza Theodore G. Shepherd Keith P. Shine Susan Solomon William R. Stockwell B.H. Subbaraya Petteri Taalas Osamu Uchino Jan C. van der Leun Karel Vanicek Guus J.M. Velders Robert T. Watson Ray F. Weiss Donald J. Wuebbles Ahmed Zand R. Zander Christos Zerefos
University of Washington University of Maryland Egyptian Meteorological Authority Universiti Sains Malaysia Universitetet I Oslo Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Cambridge Atmospheric Environment Service National Institute of Standards and Technology; NASA Headquarters Indian Institute of Technology Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU) Harvard University National Center for Atmospheric Research Hampton University DuPont Fluoroproducts Forschungszentrum Jiilich National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd. (NIWA) Service d' Aeronomie du CNRS Forschungszentrum Jiilich National Institute for Environmental Studies NASA Goddard Space Flight Center NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory University of East Anglia Max-Planck-Institut fi.ir Chemie NASA Langley Research Center Universidad de Chile Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Cambridge NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory National Center for Atmospheric Research NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. Hampton University United Nations Environment Programme California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC) University of Toronto University of Reading NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory Fraunhofer-Institut fur Atmospharische Umweltforschung Physical Research Laboratory Finnish Meteorological Institute Japan Meteorological Agency University Hospital Czech Hydrometeorological Institute National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) The World Bank University of California at San Diego University of Illinois Tehran University Universite de Liege Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
A.14
us
us
Egypt Malaysia
Norway UK
Canada us
India The Netherlands
us
us
us
us
Germany New Zealand
France Germany
Japan us
us
UK Germany
us
Chile UK us
us
us
us
us
Kenya us
Venezuela Canada
UK us
Germany India
Finland Japan
The Nether lands Czech Republic
The Netherlands us
us
us
Iran Belgium
Greece
AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
Sponsoring Organizations Liaisons
Rumen D. Bojkov World Meteorological Organization Switzerland K.M. Sarma United Nations Environment Programme Kenya
Daniel L. Albritton National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration US Michael J. Kurylo National Institute of Standards and Technology; NASA Headquarters US
Georgios T. Amanatidis European Commission Belgium
Coordinating Editor
Christine A. Ennis NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory/CIRES US
Editorial Staff
Debra Dailey-Fisher NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory US Christine C. Sweet NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories US
Jeanne S. Waters NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory US
Publication Design and Layout
VISUAL SCIENCE INC. David Gallant
Elizabeth J. Graves Scott Lininger Julianne Snider
Conference Coordination and Documentation
Rumen D. Bojkov World Meteorological Organization Switzerland Marie-Christine Charriere World Meteorological Organization Switzerland
Christine A. Ennis NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory/CIRES US Jeanne S. Waters NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory US
Conference Support
Catherine A. Burgdorf NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory/CIRES US Marie-Christine Charriere World Meteorological Organization Switzerland
Rose M. Kendall Computer Sciences Corporation US Jeanne S. Waters NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory US Kathy A. Wolfe Computer Sciences Corporation US
Computing and Networking Support
Catherine A. Burgdorf NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory/CIRES US Walter J. Harrop NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory US
Ken Jamieson NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory/CIRES US Sarah Thompson NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory/CIRES US
A.l5
AASE A CATS-IV ACE ADEOS AER AFEAS A GAGE AGWP ALE ALIAS ANCAT/EC
APARE ARL ARL ASHOE/MAESA
asl ASTEX/MAGE ATLAS ATMOS AVHRR AWl
BEF BLP BM BUV
CAC CCM CCN CD-ROM CF CFC CGAA CICERO CIE CIESIN CIRES CITE CLAES CMDL
APPENDIXB
MAJOR AcRoNYMs AND ABBREVIATIONS
Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition Airborne Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species-IV Aerosol Characterization Experiment Advanced Earth Observing Satellite Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (United States) Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment Absolute Global Warming Potential Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment Aircraft Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer Abatement of Nuisance Caused by Air Traffic/European Commission East Asian-North Pacific Regional Experiment Air Resources Laboratory (NOAA) Australian Radiation Laboratory (Australia) Airborne Southern Hemisphere Ozone Experiment/Measurements for Assessing the Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft above sea level Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment/Marine Aerosol and Gas Exchange Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Alfred Wegener Institute (Germany)
Bromine Efficiency Factor Bromine Loading Potential Brewer-Mast ( ozonesonde) Backscatter-Ultraviolet (spectrometer)
Climate Analysis Center (now CPC) community climate model-2 cloud condensation nuclei compact disk-read only memory cloud factor chlorofluorocarbon Cape Grim Air Archive (Tasmania) Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research, Universitetet I Oslo (Norway) International Lighting Commission (France) Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (United States) Chemical Instrument Test and Evaluation Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (NOAA)
B. I
ACRONYMS
CN CNRM CNRS CORINAIR CPC CRISTA CSIRO CTM
DMS DNA DSIR DU
EASOE EC ECC ECHAM ECl ECMWF EDB EECl EESC EMEP ENSO EOS EP EPA ERBE ERBS ERS-2 ER-2 ESA
FDH FILOS FIRS-2 FSSP FSU FTIR FWHM
GAGE GAW GC GC-MS GCM GEF
condensation nuclei Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques (France) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France) Core Inventories Air Climate Prediction Center (NCEP) Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (Australia) chemical transport model
dimethyl sulfide deoxyribonucleic acid Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (South Africa) Dobson unit
European Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Expedition European Commission electrochemical concentration cell ( ozonesonde) European Centre Hamburg Model equivalent chlorine European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (United Kingdom) ethylene dibromide effective equivalent chlorine equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme El Nino-Southern Oscillation Earth Observing System Earth Probe Environmental Protection Agency (United States) Earth Radiation Budget Experiment Earth Radiation Budget Satellite Earth Radiation Satellite-2 Earth Resources-2 (aircraft) European Space Agency
Fixed Dynamical Heating (model) Far Infrared Limb Observing Spectrometer Fourier transform spectrometer forward scattering spectrometer probe Former Soviet Union Fourier transform infrared full-width half-maximum
Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment Global Atmospheric Watch gas chromatograph gas chromatography-mass spectrometry general circulation model Global Environmental Facilities
B.2
GFDL Gg GISS GOME GSFC GWP
HALOE HBF HBFC HC HCFC HFC HFE HIT RAN HIRS hPa
ICAO IGAC ILAS IMAGES IOC IPCC IR ISAMS ISCCP ISSJ ITCZ IUPAC
JOSIE JMA JPL
KNMI KPNSO kt
LACE LIMS LLNL
MAHRSI MAS MASP MAPS
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (NOAA) gigagram ( 109 grams) Goddard Institute for Space Studies (United States) Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA) Global Warming Potential
Halogen Occultation Experiment high-barrier film hydrobromofluorocarbon hydrocarbon hydrochlorofluorocarbon hydrofluorocarbon hydrofluorinated ether or hydrofluoroether high-resolution translation (molecular absorption database) High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder hectoPascal
International Civil Aviation Organization International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer
intermediate model of the annual and global evolution of species International Ozone Commission Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change infrared Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project International Scientific Station of the Jungfraujoch Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
Joint Ozone Sonde Intercomparison Experiment Japan Meteorological Agency (Japan) Jet Propulsion Laboratory (California Institute of Technology, United States)
Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (The Netherlands) Kitt Peak National Solar Observatory (United States) kilotonne ( 109 grams)
Lightweight Airborne Chromatograph Experiment Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (United States)
Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Investigation Millimeterwave Atmospheric Sounder Multi-Angle Aerosol Spectrometer Probe Measurement of Air Pollution from Satellite
B.3
ACRONYMS
ACRONYMS
mbar MBGC MBL MDI MIT MLO MLOPEX MLS MOGUNTIA MOP ITT j..lm MPAE MPIC MSU
NAD NAP NASA NAT NBS NCAR NCEP NDSC NH NIST NIWA nm NMHC NOAA NOHALICE NPL NSF NWS
ODF ODP ODS OGI OHP 03MD OPC
PAN PEM PFC POAM POLARIS POLIN AT
millibar Methyl Bromide Global Coalition marine boundary layer metered dose inhaler Massachusetts Institute of Technology (United States) Mauna Loa Observatory (NOAA) Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment Microwave Limb Sounder model of the general universal tracer transport in the atmosphere Measurement Of Pollution In The Troposphere micrometers, micron ( 10-
6 meters)
Max-Planck-Institute for Aeronomy (Germany) Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry (Germany) Microwave Sounding Unit
nitric acid dihydrate nitric acid pentahydrate National Aeronautics and Space Administration (United States) nitric acid trihydrate National Bureau of Standards (now NIST) National Center for Atmospheric Research (United States) National Centers for Environmental Prediction Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change Northern Hemisphere National Institute of Standards and Technology (formerly NBS, United States) National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd. (New Zealand) nanometer ( 10-9 meters) nonrnethane hydrocarbon National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (United States) Nitrous Oxide and Halocarbons Intercomparison Experiment National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) National Science Foundation (United States) National Weather Service (United States)
opacity distribution functions Ozone Depletion Potential ozone-depleting substance Oregon Graduate Institute Observatoire de Haute Provence (Haute Provence Observatory, France) ozone mass deficiency optical particle counter
peroxyacetyl nitrate Pacific Exploratory Mission perfluorocarbon Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement Photochemistry of Ozone Loss in the Arctic Region in Summer Pollution from Aircraft Emissions in the North Atlantic Flight Corridor
B.4
ppb ppbv ppm ppmv
ppt pptv PSC PTB PV PVU
QBO
RAP
RB
RCM RIVM RIV
SAD SAFARI SAGE SAH SAM SAMS SAO SAOZ SAT SBUV/SBUV2 SCAR-B SCATE SEAWIFS SEFDH SESAME SH SIO SLS SME SOAP EX SORG SOLSPEC SOLSTICE SPARC SPOT SSA SSBUV SST ssu
parts per billion parts per billion by volume parts per million parts per million by volume parts per trillion parts per trillion by volume polar stratospheric cloud Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt (Germany) potential vorticity potential vorticity unit
quasi-biennial oscillation
Radiation Amplification Factor Robertson-Berger Network radiative-convective model National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (The Netherlands) research vessel
surface area density Southern African Fire-Atmosphere Research Initiative Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment sulfuric acid hemihexahydrate Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder semi-annual oscillation Systeme d'Analyse par Observation Zenithale sulfuric acid tetrahydrate Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Spectrometer Smoke, Clouds, and Radiation-Brazil Sulfur Chemistry in the Antarctic Troposphere Experiment Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor Seasonally Evolving Fixed Dynamical Heating Second European Stratospheric Arctic and Midlatitude Experiment Southern Hemisphere Scripps Institution of Ocean9graphy (United States) Submillimeter Limb Sounder Solar Mesosphere Explorer Southern Ocean Atmospheric Photochemistry Experiment Stratospheric Ozone Review Group (U.K. Department of the Environment) Solar Spectrum (instrument) Solar Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate (WCRP) Satellite Pour !'Observation de la Terre stratospheric sulfate aerosol Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Spectrometer sea surface temperature Stratospheric Sounding Unit
B.5
ACRONYMS
ACRONYMS
STE STS STRAT STREAM STTA STUK SUNY SUCCESS SUSIM SUS PEN SUVDAMA SZA
TEAP TFA Tg TIROS TOHPE TOMS TOYS TRACE-A
UARS UCI UEA UH UKMO UK UN UNEP us
USDA USGS UT uv
UVRAPPF UV-MFRSR
WAS WCRP WMO WOUDC WVMS
stratosphere-troposphere exchange supercooled ternary solution Stratospheric Tracers of Atmospheric Transport Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange Experiment by Aircraft Measurement Stratospheric Temperature Trends Assessment (SPARC) Finnish Center for Radiation and Nuclear Safety (Finland) State University of New York (United States) SUbsonic Aircraft Contrail and Cloud Effects Special Study Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor Standardization of Ultraviolet Spectroradiometry in Preparation of a European Network Scientific UV Data Management
solar zenith angle
Technology and Economic Assessment Panel trifluoroacetic acid teragram (1012 grams) Television and InfraRed Observational Satellite Tropospheric OH Photochemistry Experiment Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder Transport and Atmospheric Chemistry near the Equator-Atlantic
Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite University of California at Irvine (United States) University of East Anglia (United Kingdom) University of Heidelberg (Germany) United Kingdom Meteorological Office United Kingdom United Nations United Nations Environment Programme United States U.S. Department of Agriculture United States Geological Survey University of Tokyo (Japan) ultraviolet UV Radiation in the Arctic: Past, Present, and Future UV Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer
whole-air samplers World Climate Research Programme World Meteorological Organization World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre (Canada) Water Vapor Millimeter-wave Spectrometer
B.6
APPENDIX c
CHEMICAL FoRMULAE AND NoMENCLATURE
HALOGEN-CONTAINING SPECIES
Cl Cl2 ClO OClO Cl202 ClONO ClON02 HCl HOCl BrCl Cly CCly ClOX
atomic chlorine molecular chlorine chlorine monoxide chlorine dioxide dichlorine peroxide (ClO dimer) chlorine nitrite, nitryl chloride chlorine nitrate hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid) hypochlorous acid bromine chloride inorganic chlorine organic chlorine chlorine radicals
atomic fluorine hydrogen fluoride (hydrofluoric acid) sulfur hexafluoride nitrogen trifluoride inorganic fluorine organic fluorine
HALOCARBONS
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
CFC- 10 CC14 CFC- 11 CC13F CFC- 12 CC12F2 CFC- 13 CC1F3 CFC- 14 CF4 CFC- 1 13 CC12FCC1F 2 CFC- 1 14 CClF 2CC1F 2 CFC- 1 15 CClF 2CF 3 CFC- 1 16 CF3CF3
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
HFC-23 CHF3 HFC-32 CH2F2 HFC-4 1 CH3F HFC- 125 CF3CHF2
C. I
Br Br2 BrO
BrON02 HBr HOBr
I HI 10
atomic bromine molecular bromine bromine monoxide
bromine nitrate hydrogen bromide hypobromous acid
inorganic bromine organic bromine bromine radicals
atomic iodine hydrogen iodide iodine monoxide
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
HCFC-2 1 CHC12F HCFC-22 CHC1F2 HCFC- 123 CF3CHC12 HCFC- 124 CF3CHClF HCFC- 14 1b CC12FCH3 HCFC-142b CC1F2CH3 HCFC-225ca CF3CF2CHC12 HCFC-225cb CC1F2CF2CHC1F
HFC-227ca HFC-227ea HFC-236cb HFC-236ea
CF3CF2CHF2 CF3CHFCF3 CF3CF2CH2F CF3CHFCHF2
CHEMICAL FORMULAE
HFC- 134 HFC-134a HFC- 143 HFC- 143a HFC- 152 HFC-152a HFC- 16 1
Halons
Halon- 1202 Halon- 12 11
CHF2CHF2 CF3CH2F CHF2CH2F CH3CF3 CH2FCH2F CH3CHF2 CH3CH2F
Hydrofluoroethers (HFEs)
HFE- 125 CF30CHF2 HFE- 134 CHF20CHF2 HFE- 143a CH30CF3
Chlorocarbons
CH3Cl methyl chloride CH2Cl2 methylene chloride, dichloromethane CHC13 chloroform, trichloromethane CC14 carbon tetrachloride CH3CC13 methyl chloroform C2HC13 trichloroethene, trichloroethylene C2Cl4 tetrachloroethene, perchloroethene C2H4Cl2 dichloroethane C2H2Cl4 tetrachloroethane
C2H2Cl2 vinyledene chloride C4Cl6 hexachlorobutadiene COC12 phosgene, carbonyl chloride
Fluorocarbons
CF4 perfluoromethane, carbon tetrafluoride C2F 6 perfluoroethane C3F 8 perfluoropropane c-C3F 6 perfluorocyclopropane C4F 10 perfluorobutane c-C4F8 perfluorocyclobutane C5F 12 perfluoropentane C6F 14 perfluorohexane COF2 carbonyl fluoride CF3COF trifluoroacetyl fluoride TFA trifluoroacetic acid (CF3COOH)
HFC-236fa CF3CH2CF3
C.2
HFC-245ca CHF2CF2CFH2 HFC-245cb CF3CF2CH3 HFC-272ca CH3CF2CH3 HFC-365mfc CF3CH2CF2CH3 HFC-43-lOmee CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3
Halon- 130 1 Halon-2402
CBrF3 CBrF2CBrF2
HFE-245fa2 CF3CH20CHF2 HFE-245cb2 CHF2CF20CH3
Bromocarbons
CH3Br methyl bromide CH2Br2 methylene bromide, dibromomethane CHBr3 bromoform, tribromomethane CH2BrCH2Br ethylene dibromide, 1,2 dibromoethane CH2BrCH2CH3 1-bromopropane, n-propyl bromide
lodocarbons
CH3I CH212 CH3CH2I CH3CHICH3 CH2ICH2CH3
Others
CHBr2Cl CH2BrCl CHBrCl2 CH2Cll CF3I CHBrF2 CF3CHBrCl CF3CF2I COClF CF3COCl
methyl iodide diiodomethane ethyl iodide isopropyl iodide 1-iodopropane, n-propyl iodide
dibromochloromethane bromochloromethane bromodichloromethane chloroiodomethane iodotrifluoromethane difluorobromomethane halothane iodopentafluoroethane chlorofluorocarbonyl trifluoroacetyl chloride
0 oeP)
oCn) 02 03 ox
N N2 N20 NO N02 N03 N20s ClON02 HN02, HONO HN03 NOX NOY
s S02 sox H2S04 SAM SAT SAH
c co C02
NMHC CH4 CzH6 C3Hs C2H4 CzH2
OTHER CHEMICAL SPECIES
atomic oxygen atomic oxygen (ground state) atomic oxygen (first excited state) molecular oxygen ozone odd oxygen (0, oCD), 03) or
oxidant (03 + N02)
atomic nitrogen molecular nitrogen nitrous oxide nitric oxide nitrogen dioxide nitrogen trioxide, nitrate radical dinitrogen pentoxide chlorine nitrate nitrous acid nitric acid nitrogen oxides (NO + N02) odd nitrogen (usually includes NO, N02,
N03, N205, ClON02, HN04, HN03)
atomic sulfur sulfur dioxide sulfur oxides
H H2 OH H02 H20 H202 HOX
H02N02 CH300N02 PAN RON02
NAD NAT NAP
NH3
SF6 CS2 cos, ocs
sulfuric acid H2S sulfuric acid monohydrate (H2S04·H20) sulfuric acid tetrahydrate (H2S04-4H20) sulfuric acid hemihexahydrate (H2S04·6.5H20)
carbon atom carbon monoxide carbon dioxide
nonmethane hydrocarbon methane ethane propane ethylene, ethene acetylene, ethyne
C.3
CH20 CH3COCH3 CH300H CH3COO CH3C(O)OO RO R02
CHEMICAL FORMULAE
atomic hydrogen molecular hydrogen hydroxyl radical hydroperoxyl radical water hydrogen peroxide odd hydrogen (H, OH, H02, H202)
peroxynitric acid, pemitric acid methylperoxynitrate peroxyacetylnitrate (CH3C(O)OON02) alkyl nitrates
nitric acid dihydrate (HN03·2H20) nitric acid trihydrate (HN03·3H20) nitric acid pentahydrate (HN03·5H20)
ammonia
sulfur hexafluoride carbon disulfide carbonyl sulfide hydrogen sulfide
formaldehyde acetone methyl hydroperoxide methyl peroxy radical acetyl peroxy radical alkoxy radicals organic peroxy radical
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