Appendices

Participants of the Workshop

Lefteris Christodoulou (Group II) BESTE Ltd. 14 Mycenon Street 17235 Athens (Daphne), Greece Tel.: 0030/1-97511 66 Fax: 0030/1-9762546

Dr. Sergio d'Antonio Associazione Bio10gi Italiani Alimenti e Nutrizione (ABIAN) Via A. Vespucci 14 33170 Pordenone, Ita1y Tel.: 0039/434-28038 Fax: 0039/434-28038

Prof. Dr. Stefano Dumontet (Group II) Ordine Naziona1e dei Bio10gi Via Icilio 7 00153 Rome, Ita1y Tel.: 0039/657-106204 Fax: 0039/657-106235

Gunnar S. Eriksen (Group II) Norwegian Food Contro1 Authority P.O. Box 81 87 0034 Oslo, Norway

L. H. Grimme· S. Dumontet

Dr. Ivar Evertsson (Group III) Analycen Box 11404 40429 Göteborg, Sweden Tel.: 0046/31 61 37 50 Fax: 0046/31 15 05 12

Kenneth Fernstörm (Group II) The Greens in the European Parliament Rue Wiertz 1047 Brussels, Belgium Tel.: 0032/2-284 24 40 Fax: 0032/2-2307837

Prof. Dr. L. Horst Grimme (Group III) Professor of Metabo1ism University of Bremen P.O. Box 330 440 28334 Bremen, Germany Tel.: 0049/421-2182389 Fax: 0°49/421-2187253

187 Appendices

Dorte Hammelev (Group III) Sonderengen 20 2860 Soberg, Denmark Tel.: 0045/31-673392

Fax: 0045/31673392

Lissy Jäkel (Group III) Pädagogische Hochschule Heidelberg Fachbereich III I Biologie und Chemie Im Neuenheimer Feld 561 69120 Heidelberg, Germany Tel.: 0049/6221/477-348 Fax: 0049/6221/477-487

Eloy Jerez (Group I) Cerestar Iberica SA Avda Montserrat, Apdo de Correos n054 08760 Martorell, Spain Tel.: 0034/3-7750850

Fax: 0034/3-7755950

Dr. Bianca Joller (Group III) Unterer Batterieweg 23 4053 Basel, Switzerland Tel.: 0041/613633336 Fax: 0041/61363 33 35

Prof. Dr. James A. Kavanagh (Group I) IBI - The Institute of Biology ofIreland University College Dublin Faculty of Agriculture Department of Environmental Resource Management Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland Tel.: 00353/1-7067781177 26 Fax: 00533/1-70611 02

Dr. Tiziana Lago-Schaaf (Group III) Association of German Biologists Schriftleitung Maxstraße 11

82335 Berg I Starnberg, Germany Tel.: 0049/8151-95425 Fax: 0049/8151-95425

Dr. Frank Monahan (Group I) IBI - The Institute of Biology of Ireland University College Dublin Faculty of Agriculture Department of Food Science, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland Tel.: 00353/1-7067090 Fax: 00353/1- 7061147

Jean-Pierre Morel (Group 11) APBG-Secretariat BP 8337 69356 Lyon Cedex 08, France Tel.: 0033/4-78744722 Fax: 0033/4-78012214

Appendices 188 L. H. Grimme· S. Dumontet

Prof. Dr. Willem Penning European Commission, DG XXIV Rue de la Loi 1049 Brussels, Belgium Tel.: 003212-2955651 Fax: 003212-29517 35 003212-2960951

003212-2 96 6793

Dr. Daniel Ramon (Group I) Instituto de Agroquimica y Technologia de Alimentos P.0.Box73 46100 Burjasott, Valencia, Spain Tel.: 0034/63900022 Fax: 0034/63636301

Daniel Rizzi Bätiment "Les Terrasses de l'Europe" 10 rue Jean Engling 1466 Luxembourg, Luxembourg Tel.: 003512-43 29 12 Fax: 003512-43 29 11

Dr. Uwe Spiekermann (Group I) Dr. Rainer Wild-Stiftung In der Aue 4 69118 Heidelberg, Germany Tel.: 0049/6221/8998-36 Fax: 0049/6221/8998-40

Eva Stengard (Group I) Naturhistoriska riksmuseet It-enheten Box 50007 10405 Stockholm, Sweden Tel.: 0046/8-666 40 47 Fax: 0046/8-6664235

Kari Synnes (Group 111) Hogskolen i Oslo Faculty of Education Pilestredat 52 0167 Oslo, Norway Tel.: 0047122452230 Fax: 0047122452235

Jean Ulysse (Group 11) APBG-SeCH!tariat BP 8337 69356 Lyon Cedex 08, France Tel.: 0033/4-78744722 Fax: 0033/4-78012214

Eliane Vernet (Group 11) APBG-Secretariat BP 8337 69356 Lyon Cedex 08, France Tel.: 0033/4-78744722 Fax: 0033/4-78012214

Dr. Sander Voormolen (Group 11) NIßI Netherlands Institute for Biology Nicolaas Beetsstraat 222 3511 HG Utrecht, The Netherlands Tel.: 0031/30-23 69 244 Fax: 0031/30 2332 877

L. H. Grimme· S. Dumontet 189 Appendices

Members of ECBA

Belgium: Bio-Belgique Association des Biologistes Belges (Bio-Belgique), c/o Jean-Michel Debry 2, Rue de Sommet 5621 Hanzinelle, Belgium Tel.: 0032/71-43 7901 Fax: 0032171-47 15 20

Denmark: FaDB Foreningen af Danske Biologer, c/o Niels-OIe H0rlyk Skoletoften 16, Grundfor 8382 Hinnerup, Denmark Tel.: 0045/86-145022 Fax: 0045/86-11 50 74

France: APBG Association des Professeurs de Biologie et Geologie, c/o Jean Ulysse APBG-Secretariat, BP 8337 69356 Lyon Cedex 08, France Tel.: 0033/478-744722, Fax: 0033/4 78-01 22 14

Germany: VDBiol Verband Deutscher Biologen (VDBiol), c/o Angelika Weber Institut für Botanische und Ökologische Beratung, Arminiusstraße 5 81543 München, Germany Tel.: 0049/89-66 31 23 Fax: 0049/89-6 51 56 44

Greece: PUB Panhellenic Union of Biologists (PUB), C/O Christos Yapijakis Socratous 79-81 10452 Athens, Greece Tel.: 0030/1-5 22 46 32 Fax: 0030/1-9 56 17 51

Ireland: IRI Institute of Biology of Ireland (IBI), c/o James A. Kavanagh Institute of Biology of Ireland, Department of Environmental Resource Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University College Dublin-Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland Tel.: 00353/1-7 06 77 81 Fax: 00353/1-70 6110 2 T

Italy: ONB Ordine Nazionale dei Biologi, c/o Stefano Dumontet Via Icilio 7,00153 Rome, Italy Tel.: 0039/6-57106204 Fax: 0039/6-57106235

Luxembourg: ABIOL Association des Biologistes Luxembourgois (ABIOL), c/o Norbert Stomp Musee d'histoire naturelle 7, rue de la Boucherie 1247 Luxembourg, Luxembourg

The Netherlands: NIBI Nederlands Instituut van Biologen (NIßI), c/o Kees R. M. Koopmann Nederlands Instituut voor Biologie, Nicolaas Beetsstraat 222 3511 HG Utrecht, The Netherlands Tel.: 0031/30-2 36 92 44 Fax: 0031130-233 28 77

Portugal: APB Associa<;:äo Portuguesa de Bi610gos (APB), c/o Rui Tomas Marques R. Josa Ricard 11-2°E 1900 Lisbon, Portugal Tel.: 00351/1-8401876/78 Fax: 0035111-8401876/78

Appendices 190 L. H. Grimme · S. Dumontet

Spain: COB Colegio Oficial de Bi6logos (COB), c/o Jose Regidor Garcia Colegio Oficial de Biologos, Constantion 9-2 P.O. Box 35002 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain Tel.: 0034/28-38 34 18 Fax: 0034/28-38 34 18

Associate Members

Austria: CBiol FIBiol Verband österreichischer Biologen (CBiol FIBiol), C/O Hans Adam Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Hellbrunner Straße 34 5020 Salzburg, Austria Tel.: 0043/6 62 80 44 56 01 Fax: 0043/6 62-80 445698

Cyprus Biological Society of Cyprus, c/o C. Georgiades, Chairman 20 Stylianou Lana Stra. Nicosia 118, Cyprus Tel.: 00357/2-434626 Fax: 00357/2-331893

Norway: BIO Norsk Biologforening/Biologenes Interesse Organisasjon (BIO), c/o Ivar H. Hesthagen Oslo Katedralskole, Ullvalsveien 31 0171 Oslo, Norway Tel.: 0047/22-20 08 22 Fax: 0047/22-20 00 62

United Kingdom: lOB Institute of Biology (lOB), c/o Robert H. Priestley Institute of Biology, 20-22 Queensberry Place London SW7 2DZ, United Kingdom Tel.: 004411 71-5 81 83 33 Fax: 00441171-8 23 94 09

Sweden Swedish Association of Seientists (Biology Section), C/O Eva Stengard Swedish Museum ofNatural History, Department of Information Technology, Box 50007 10405 Stockholm, Sweden Tel.: 0046/8- 6 66 40 47 Fax: 0046/8-6 664235

Affiliate Members

Italy: ABIAN Associazione Biologi Italiani Alimenti e Nutrizione (ABIAN), e/o Sergio d' Antonio Via A. Vespucci 14 33170 Pordenone, Italy Tel.: 0039/4 34-2 80 38 Fax: 0039/434-2 80 38

Spain: ASEBAC Asso~iacion Espanola de Biologos Analistas Clinicos (ASEBAC), c/o Agustin Peraita Av. Reg. Galcia s/n, Edificio "D. Ramiro" bajos 22700 Jaca-Heusca, Spain Tel.: 0034/74-36 23 71

L. H. Grimme· S. Dumontet 191 Appendices

Observers

Finland Paavo Havas, Department of Botany, University of Oulu 90570 Oulu, Finland Tel.: 00358/981-353282

Publications of ECBA

Switzerland: VSN Vereinigung Schweizerischer Naturwissenschaftslehrer (VSN), c/o Herbert Joller Unterer Batterieweg 23, 4053 Basel, Switzerland Tel.: 0041/61-35 40 02

Nr.l 1977 Biology Curricula at Universities Nr.2 1979 Biologists in European Society Nr.3 1981 School Biology for Child and Society N r. 4 1984 Health Education and School Biology Nr.5 1983 Biologists and the Environment.

The Role of the Professional in aChanging World Nr.6 1984 Professional Biologists in Europe.

Position and Perspectives in Employment Nr.7 1989 Biology and Modern Industry Nr.8 1989 Competence of Biologists for Experiments on Animals Nr.9 1990 ECBA-Aims,Activities, Member Bodies Nr.lO 1992 Biologists and the Management of Conservation Areas Nr.11 1993 Revised Biology Curricula at Universities in Europe Nr.12 1997 School Biology for Child and Society Nr.13 1999 Food Quality, Nutrition and Health

The Cork Declaration - "A Living Countryside"

The European Conference on Rural Development having met at Cork, Ireland, from 7th to 9th November 1996,

Aware that rural areas - which are the horne to a quarter of the population and account for more than 80 % of the territory of the European Union - are characterised by a unique cultural, economic and social fabric, an extra ordi­nary patchwork of activities and a great variety of landscapes (forests and farmland, unspoiled natural sites, villages and small towns, regional centres, small industries);

Believingthat rural areas and their inhabitants are areal asset to the European Union and have the capacity to be competitive;

Appendices 192 L. H. Grimme · S. Dumontet

Mindful that by far the largest part of rural Europe is covered by agricultural land and forests, which have a strong influence on the character of European landscapes, and that agriculture is and must remain a major interface between people and the environment and that farmers have a duty as stewards of many of the natural resources of the countryside;

Recalling that agriculture and forestry are no longer predominant in Europe's economies; that their relative economic weight continues to decline and that, consequently, rural development must address all socio-economic sectors in the countryside;

Conscious that European citizens pay growing attention to thequality oflife in general and to questions of quality, health, safety, personal development and leisure in particular, and that rural areas are in a unique position to respond to these interests and offer grounds for a genuine, modern development model of quality;

Recognising that the Common Agricultural Policy will have to adapt to new realities and challenges in terms of consumer demands and preferences, inter­national trade developments and the EU's next enlargement; that the shift from price support to direct support will continue; that the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the agricultural sector will have to adjust ac­cordingly and that farmers must be helped in the adjustment process and be given clear indicators for the future;

Expecting that the justification for the compensatory payments of the 1992 CAP reforms will be increasingly challenged;

Persuaded that the concept of public financial support for rural development, harmonised with the appropriate management of natural resources and the maintenance and enhancement of biodiversity and cultural landscapes, is increasingly gaining acceptance;

Determined to promote, in all possible ways, local capacity building for sustainable development in rural areas and, in particular, private and com­munity-based initiatives which are well-integrated into global markets; Announces the following ten-point rural development programme for the European Union:

Point 1 - Rural preference Sustainable rural development must be put at the top of the agenda of the European Union and become the fundamental principle wh ich underpins all rural policy in the immediate future and after enlargement. This aims at reversing rural migration, combating poverty, stimulating employment and equality of opportunity and responding to growing requests

L. H. Grimme· S. Dumontet 193 Appendices

for more quality, health, safety, personal development and leisure and im­proving rural well-being. The need to preserve and improve the quality of the rural environment must be integrated into all Community policies that relate to rural development. There must be a fairer balance of public spending, infrastructure investments and educational, health and communications services between rural and urban areas. A growing share of available resources should be used for pro­moting rural development and securing environmental objectives.

Point 2 - Integrated approach Rural development policy must be multi-disciplinary in concept, and multi­sectoral in application, with a clear territorial dimension. It must apply to all rural areas in the Union, respecting the concentration principle through the differentiation of co-financing for those areas which are more in need. It must be based on an integrated approach, encompassing within the same legal and policy framework: agricultural adjustment and development, economic diver­sification - notably small and medium scale industries and rural services - the management of natural resources, the enhancement of environmental func­tions and the promotion of culture, tourism and recreation.

Point 3 - Diversification Support for diversification of economic and social activity must focus on pro­viding the framework for self-sustaining private and community-based initia­tives: Investment, technical assistance, business services, adequate infrastruc­ture, education, training, integrating advances in information technology, strengthening the role of small towns as integral parts of rural areas and key development factors, and promoting the development of viable rural com­munities and the renewal of villages.

Point 4 - Sustainability Policies should promote rural development which sustains the quality and amenity of Europe's rurallandscapes (natural resources, biodiversity and cul­tural identity) so that their use by today's generation does not pre-judice the options for future generations. In our local actions, we must be aware of our global responsibilities.

Point 5 - Subsidiarity Given the diversity of the Union's rural areas, rural development policy must follow the principle of subsidiarity. It must be as decentralised as possible and based on partnership and co-operation between all levels concerned (Iocal, regional, national and European). The emphasis must be on participation and a "bottom up" approach, which harnesses the creativity and solidarity of rural communities. Rural development must be local and community-driven within a coherent European framework.

Appendices 194 L. H. Grimme· S. Dumontet

Point 6 - Simplification Rural development policy, notably in its agricultural component, needs to und ergo radical simplification in legislation. Whilst there should be no rena­tionalisation of the CAP, there must be greater coherence of what is presently done through many separate channels, a limitation of EU law on general rules and procedures, more subsidiarity in decisions, decentralisation of policy implementation and more flexibility overall.

Point 7 - Programming The application of rural development programmes must be based on coherent and transparent procedures and integrated into one single programme for rural development for each region and a single mechanism for sustainable and rural development.

Point 8 - Finance The use of local financial resources must be encouraged to promote local rural development projects. More encouragement must be given to using financial engineering in rural credit techniques in order to mobilise better the synergies between public and private fun ding, reduce financial constraints on small and medium size enterprises, promote productive investment and diver­sify rural economies. Greater participation by the banking sector (public and private) and other fiscal intermediaries must be encouraged.

Point 9 - Management The administrative capacity and effectiveness of regional and local govern­ments and community-based groups must be enhanced, where necessary, through the provision of technical assistance, training, better communicati­ons, partnership and the sharing of research, information and exchange of experience through networking between regions and between rural commu­nities throughout Europe.

Point 10 - Evaluation and research Monitoring, evaluation and beneficiary assessment will need to be strength­ened in order to ensure transparency of procedures, guarantee the proper use of public money, stimulate research and innovation and enable an informed public debate. Stakeholders must not only be consulted in the design and implementation, but involved in monitoring and evaluation.

Conclusion

We, the participants at the European Conference on Rural Development assembled in Cork, urge Europe's policy-makers:

To raise public awareness about the importance of making a new start in rural development policy;

L. H. Grimme· S. Dumontet 195 Appendices

To make rural areas more attractive to people to live and work in, and be­come centres of a more meaningfullife for a growing diversity of people of all ages;

To support this lo-point programme and co-operate as partners in the ful­mlment of each and everyone of the goals which are embodied in this de­claration;

To play an active role in promoting sustainable rural development in an international context.

Abbreviations

ADI AIR-Programme ASBL Bt CAC CAMAR

CAP CDD CI CR

Acceptable daily intake Agricuhure and Agro-Industry Including Fisheries Association International sous Bits Lucratifs Bacillus thuringiensis Codex Alimentarius Commission Competitiveness of Agricuhure and Management of Agricultural Resources Common Agricuhural Policy Chemically Defined Diet Consumers International Colonisation Resistance

ECBA European Countries Biologists Association ECLAIR-Programme European Collaborative Linkage of Agriculture

EPSPS EU-SCF FAO FDA FIAS FLAIR GALT GEV GIT (GI) GMO GMP HACCP HYV ICMSF

IFBC

and Industry Through Research s-enolpyrovylshikimate-3-phosphate synthetase European Union Scientific Committee for Food Food and Agricuhure Organization Food and Drug Administration Food Industry Association Switzerland Food Linked Agro-Industrial Research Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Genetically Engineered Varieties Gastrointestinal Tract Genetic Modified Organisms Good Manufacturing Practices Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point High Yielding Varieties International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods International Food Biotechnology Council

Appendices 196 L. H. Grimme· S. Dumontet

IPPC ISI

IUPAC JECFA JMPR LCA MRL mRNA NAFTA OECD

OIE RAFI RTD SPS-Agreement

TA TBT-Agreement WHO WTO WZB

International Plant Protection Convention Fraunhofer-Inst itute for Systems and Innovation Research International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residue Life Cyde Assessment Maximum Residue Limit Messenger Ribonucleic-Acid North American Free Trade Agreement Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Office International des Epizooties Rural Advancement Foundation International Research and Technological Development WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Technological Assessment Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement World Health Organization World Trade Organization Wissenschafts zentrum für Sozialforschung Berlin

L. H. Grimme· S. Dumontet 197 Appendices

Subject Index

19th eentury 39,126 a-l-antitrypsin 56 ß-agonists 139

absorption 112 Aeademy for Technology Assessment 58 additive effeets 162,164 additives 29,30, 74, 107, 164 ADI 30 aeronautics 27 age 43 AGENDA 21 122 Agreement on Teehnieal Barriers to

Trade 75,81,82 AgrEvo 54 agrieultural 9,19,20,22,27,62,

129 - expansion 62 - habitats 61 - praetice 10, 126 - product 10 - produetivity 129

agriculturists 145 agro-eeosystem 9

- -industrial erops 21 - -industry 20,126

air 7 AIR Programme 24 aleohol 167 alfalfa 50 algae 84, 169 allergens 183 allergy 60, 93 alternative approaehes 37 amino acids 148, 171

ammonium 54 ampieillin 160 anabolie agents 89

- growth promoters 137 - hormones 139

animal 23,36,56,57, 89 - breeding 127, 162 - disease 56, 89 - domistic 148 - feed 148 - geneties 56 - health 23,36 - transgenie 57 - welfare 23,77

antibioties 7,90,135,137,139,148,159,160, 164,182 - risks 160

antisense sequenees 55 antihelminthics 90 AOAC International 87 apartheid 65 apple juice 138 Applieation of Sanitary and

Phytosanitary Measures 81 aquaeulture 19,23,128 aquaporins 55 aquatic bioteehnology 95 Arbeitskreis für Kulturforsehung

des Essens 4 archetypes 132 Argentina 11 aromas 111 artifieial insemination 148 aspartame 136 Aspergillus 163 Atlantic Oeean 24 Atrazine 51 attitudes 36

199

auditing 70 auditory canal 174 Australia 11 Austria 178 authorisation procedure 12 autotrophic organisms 169 availability 107

B

baby food 163,182 Bacillus thurengiensis (Bt) 51,55 bacteria 7,57, 60, 61, 84

- gene manipulated 7 - indicator 163 - pathogenic 84 - recombinant 57 - resistant 61

bacterial 175 - endotOJuns 175 - infections 55

Baden-Württemberg 58 bakeries 24 bar gene 54 barley 25,50 Basta 54 beet sugar 39 Belgium 141 bicarbonate 171 bilateral agreement 87 bile 113 bilirubin 171 biocenosis 18} biodiversity 27,61,112,145,193 biological markers 146

- variability 170 biologists 144,151

- role 145,151 bio marker 102 biomass 21 bipenergy 21 biophagous 169 biosphere 151 biotechnology 93,94,130,141,154,181

- perception 141 biscuit-making 24 blood 181

- coagulation 56 blue whiting 24 bone density 103 Borchert, Jochen 53 botulism 88 boycotts 65 bran 25 bread 24 breast-feeding 107 breeders 145 breeding 93 B t -cotton 51

- -maize 51 - -protein 51 - -toxins 51

Bürgerforen 58 butter 110 by-products 25

cabbages 50

CAC 73 - goal 73 - statements 73

calcium 102, 108 Calgene 56 calorie 39

- theory 39 CAMAR programme 24 Campylobacter 111, 138, 160

- jejuni 157 Canada 11,15,157,158 cancer 149 canola 11

carbohydrates 140,168,171 - complex 168 - simple 168

carcinogens 149 cardiovascular disease 103 carnivores 169 carrots 50

cattle 159 celebrations 43

cell 147 - biology 121 - culture 147

200

- death 54 -lysis 55 - walllysing enzymes 55

cereals 163 certification 37 cheese 138 chemical input 129 chemicals 139

- veterinary 139 chemosynthesis 169 chewing 172

- gum 108 chicken meat 110

- synthetic 110 - virosis 158

chicory 50 - coffee 39

China 11 chitinases 55 chocolate 108 choices 7 cholesterol 103, 108, 167, 183 chromosome 60 chyme 171, 176 Ciba-Geigy 13 circulation 174 climate 27,62 clinical studies 103

- trials 57 clover 50 coastal 20

cocoa 39 Codes of Hygienic Practice 71, 87 Codex 79

- alimentarius 71 - recommendations 79

Codex Alimentarius Commission 69, 79-82,98 - Committee on Food Hygiene

138 Codex Committee on Food Import and

Export Inspection and Certification Systems 86 - on Methods of Analysis and

Sampling 87 Codex-Commission 179 coffee 39, 167 collective catering 156

colonial products 39 colour 111, 146 commercial strategies 63 commercialisation 11 commodity 11,15

- markets 15 Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 193 companies 24 competitive dis advantages 65 competitiveness 21, 22, 26, 53 compost 158 consensus 34 conservation 23, 41 consumer 7,13,15,19,21,29,31,36,65,69,

70,80,135,155,177,179,185 - acceptance 36 - attitudes 36 - confidence 36,70 - groups 13 - health 69 - international 29 - IOCU 29 - needs 155 - protection 19,80 - resistance 11 - rights 29 - safety 185 - sovereignty 65 - well-being 21

consumer-oriented strategies 9 Consumers International 29,32 consumption 101,111 contaminants 30,71,72,74,79,93,107,

156,176 - chemical 74 - environmental 74 - microbial 156

control 22 co-ordination 23 cork declaration 185-188,192 corn borer 51 coronary heart disease 167 cost 24 cotton 11, 49

- pesticide-resistant 49 Council of EU Ministers 13 Country 24

- developed 80

201

cow 57,127,159 - transgenie 57

crop ll, 24,32,53,54,61,130,139 - genetic engineer 32

- genetically modified II

- global 130

- herbicide resistant 58

- high-yield 139 - modified 9 - protection 53,54 - - experts 145

- rotation 24, 61, 62 - yield 1I

cross pollination 50

crossing 14

- traditional 14

crustacean 158

Cryptosporidium 138

cultivation 9 cultural 9,10

- differences 9, 132

- heritage 27

- identify 194

- paradigm 9 - patrimony 10

- practices 153

Cyclospora 138

dairy industry 158

DDr 137 defecation 171

"Delphi" method 57 demands 36

Denmark 141

desertification 178 destroyers 169

developed countries 15,62,77,98,125,

151,159,167 development 22, 23

- coastal 23

- rural 23

- technological 22

diabetes 167 diet 168

- chemically defined 168

dietary 107

- fibre 111, 140, 167, 171

- habits 107

- intakes 101

digestion 1I2, 171

digestive juices 171

Directive 90/220 EEC 13

disease 24,157 - food-borne 157

distribution III

diversification 23,194

div)rsity 33 DNA 55,181

- satellite 55 domestication 61

dough viscosity 24

drome 158 drug resistance 160

duodenum 171

dysbiosis 176

ear 174 ECBA 121,185

- aims 121

ECLAIR programme 24

ecology 121

economic concentration 63

economists 27,61,145

education 4, 164 effects 60

- pleiotropic 60

effidency 16

- processing 16

eggs 132 electrolytes 171

electronic trade 27

embryo transfer 148

emotional moods 174

employees 135 employment 22, 26

endangered species 77

endives 50

energy 27,107,168 - consumption 168

enterocyte 175

202

environment 17, 22, 24, 27, 33, 36, 42, 153

- protection 22 - rural 153

environmental 20 - protection 77

environmentalist groups 11 enzymes 135, 171

- digestive 171 equivalence 72, 86 Escherichia coli 54, 138 essential fatty acids 171 ethical concerns 58 eubiotic balance 176 eukaryotes 60 EURATOM framework programme

27 Europe 11,15,21,135,141

- food system 135 European 13,19

- Commission 13 - Community 19 - Conference on Rural Development

192 - Countries Biologists Association

(ECBA) 121 - Court of Justice 13 -law 64 - Parliament 7,64 - Union 12 - - Scientific Committee for Food

(EU-SCF) 181 eurucic acid 56 evaluation 11 expiry dates 131 eye 173

F.I.A.L. 32 - Federation des Industries

Alimentaires Suisses 32 faeces 171,176 FAIR Programme 19 FAO 12 farmers 30, 63 farming 11,56, 62, 64, 66, 127, 137

- extensive 64 - gene 56 - integrated 62 - intensive 137 - organic 66 - precision 127

fat 111, 140, 168 fatty acids 101

- essential 101 FDA 13

- Food and Drug-Administration 13

feed 135 - additives 137

feral population 61 fermentation 149 fertilisation 61, 137 fertiliser 7,24,42,112,139,149,150 fertility 164 fibre 25

- extraction 25 field tests 50

- trials 65 fifth framework programme 26 Finland 158 First World War 41, 42 fish 24,76,158

- migration 24 - products 128

fisheries 19,20,23 fishing 27 flavour 107,132,139,146

- enhancers 139 flavourings 110 flour 24, 132, 163 food 9,11,12,15 -17,19,21,23,29,

30,35,39,40,43,50,53, 69 -71, 74,79,80,83,85,88,93,94,97, 98,105 -108, 110, 112, 122, 132, 136,137,140,149,155,162,167, 174, 180, 181, 185, 186 - 1st generation 108 - 2nd generation 108 - 3rd generation 108 - acceptability 174 - additives 7, 11, 71, 79, 93, 137,

155 - allergy 50,97, 167

203

food - assessment body 12 - canned 85, 88 - chain 16, 135, 185 - chemists 40 - chymus 113 - consumption 12 - contamination 156,163 - control 39 - control authorities 70 - control monitoring 70 - control programmes 70 - control system 98 - edibility 174 - formulation 122 - genetically modified 186 - healthy 180

- hygiene 74,83,155,185 - industry 21,31,35,70, 136 - innovative 11 - irradiated 30 - labelling 74 - law 39,71,74 - markets 15 - modified 181 - novel 11

- organic 113 - perception 43 - poisoning 112, 138, 167 - prejudices 107 - preservation 185 - processed 76,140 - processing 23 - production 11,23,122, 138 - - history 11 - - sustainable 138 - production methods 30

- quality 9,29,35, 94, 106, 140, 146 - - overall 146 - - physiological 140 - raw 76

- safety 29, 69, 112, 167 - safety assessments 110 - semi-processed 76 - shortages 53 - standards 39,69,7°,71,80 - storage 149 - supply 36

- symbols 132 - system 136 - technologies 19 - transportation 162 - webs 105 - wholesome 17,70, 140 - wholesomeness 156

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 181

forest 23 - management 23

forestry 19 - 22 fortification 108, 140, 183, 185 fourth framework programme 20

Franee 141, 157, 158 free ehoiee 31 frog legs 87 fruetans 55 fruit 31,4°,56,76,161

- maturation 55,56 funetional foods 183 fungal infeetions 55 fungi 156 Fusarium 163

gall bladder 113, 171 game 88 gastrie juice 113,171 gastroenteritis 157 gastrointestinal tract 112 GATT General Agreement on Tariffs

and Trade 81 gen der 43 gene transfer 60,93,181

- horizontal 60 General Guidelines on Claims

75 generation 43 genetie 13,29

- engineering 12, 29, 65 -laws 65 - modifieation 94 - - techniques 13

genetieally 14, 33 - animals 95

204

- crops 33 - foods 33 - foodstuffs 33 - improved 14 - micro-organisms 95 - modified 33,95 - - organisms 33 - plants 95

genetics 24 genius loci 10,154 genocentric 9 genome 97, 130, 181 genomic 60 gentic 50

- flux 50 geostatisties 24 Germany 141,157,158 germinating 151 global responsibilities 194 globalisation 98 glucose 183 glufosinate 62, 63 glufosinate/phosphinotrycine 54 glutamine synthetase 54, 62 glycoa1caloids 60 glyphosate 54, 62, 63 GMO 35

- product registration 35 - testing 35 - trace levels 35

Great Britain 138, 142 Greece 141 green chemistry 21

- farming 49 - Party 63, 64 - revolution 125

groundnuts 87 growth 174

- hormone 56, 135 - regulation 148 - promoters 160, 164 - promoting agents 90

Guidelines on Nutrition Labelling 75

gut 96,175 - bacteria 183 - associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)

176

habits 36 HACCP 78,186 haemophilia 57 hake 24 harmonisation 15,71,73,98

- international 71 harvesting 30 Hazard Analysis Critieal Control Point

(HACCP) 72,138,182 - System 76 -78, 84

health 20,54, 69, 101, 105114, 122 - benefit 103 - claims 101, 183 - definition 114 - hazards 54 - protection 69

Healthy Cities 7 hearing 174 heavy metal contamination 112 Heidelberg Nutrition Forum 4 helminths 84 hepatitis 57

- A Virus 138 herbicide 11,14,33,51, 54,61,62,147,

161 - broad spectrum 54 - non-selective 54,62 - resistance 147 - selective 62 tolerance 14 - tolerant plants 14 - - weed 182

herbivorous 169 heritage 155

- cultural 155 - historical 155

herring 24 heterotrophie organisms 169 history 38

- food quality 38 HIV 57 holistic 3,7,32,51

- approach 122 hormonal disrupters 139 hormones 7, 148 horse mackerel 24

20S

host 60 - genes 60 - metabolism 60

households 177 human 36

- health 36 - identities 132

hunger 63 hybrids potato 60 hygiene 42, 138

- certificates 87 hypertension 108

ice 76 IgA 177 IgM 177 ileum 171 illnesses 80, 164

- degenerative 164 - food-borne 80

immune defence system 171

- response 177 - - cell-mediated 177 - - humoral 177 - system 164,175

immunity 183 immuno-competence 113

- mediated responses 122 import 70 indicator 41

- organisms 83 industrial 9

- economy 9 - sector 9

industrialisation 39 industrialised count ries 29,98 industry 9, 22

- agro-food 9 - drink 22

- food 22

infant foods 87 infections 57, 62, 175

- fungal 62 infectious diseases 148

- illnesses 27

information 23

- exchange 23

- society 27 ingredients 15 inhibiting proteases 55 innovation 11

inputs 16 - external farming 16

insect 55 -larvae 55

insulin 103 inter action 22,60,149,150

- molecular 149 - plant-plant 150 - protein-carbohydrate 149 - protein-protein 149 - root-root 150

interdisciplinary 24 interest groups 53 inter mediates 21 intermodality 27 International Commission on

Microbiological Specifications for Foods (ICMSF) 83

International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) 178

International Food Biotechnology Council (IFBC) 181

International Life Science Institute (ILSI) 181

International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) 87

International Union of Nutritional Science 111

intestinal tract 159,175 intoxication 163 ion channels 55 Ireland 142,158,192 irradiation 7, 29, 185 ISI 57

- Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research 57

ISO 87 ISO 9000 37, 85 ISO 9001 3 isopeptide 149 Italy 141,158

206

Japan 15 jejunum 171 jobs 21 Joint FAO/WHO (JECFA) Evaluation

Committee for Food Additives 15 - - Expert Committee on Food

Additives (JECFA) 69 - - Meeting on Pesticide Residue

(JMPR) 69 juice 76

Kennedy, John F. 29 knowledge 10,127

- tacit 10

L

label 7 labelling 12 -14,30,33,65,71,72

- general principles 14 - guidelines 72 - positive 65 - technology 12

laboratory 22 lactalbumin 148 lactation 148 lactobacilli 183 lactoferrin 57 lactose intolerance 170

- synthesis 148 lamina propria mucosae 176 land use 112 landscape 23,192,193

- man-made 23 - natural 23 - semi-natural 23

large intestine 171 lauric acid 56 LCA (life cyde analyses) 186 lectins 181 legislation 31,74,195

- national 74

legislators 145 lethargy 56 lettuce 138 leukoeytes 182 li fe eonditions 7

- eyde assessment (LCA) 111,140 - reform movement 42 - style 132

lipase 57 Listeria 111

- monoeytogenes 138,158 listeriosis 158 liver 171 livestoek 160 living resourees 27 LOX gene 150 Luxembourg 142 lymph nodes 177 lymphoeytes 176 lymphoepithelium 177 lymphoid follides 177 lysine 148 lysino-alanine 149 lysozyme 67

Maastrieht Treaty 12 maekerel 24 maerophages 176, 182 mad eow 158 Maillard reaetions 110,149 maize 11, 13 -15, 49- 51,

109

- Bt-maize 51 - eorn-borer-resistant 13 - pest-resistant 14 - pestieide-resistant 49

malaria 137 mammary gland 56 management 23 mannitol 55 margarine 108

marine 27 - teehnologies 27

marker 96 - antibiotie resistance 96,98

207

marker - genes 95,98,107,182 - herbicide tolerance 96

market 11

- global 11

- oriented strategies 9 marketing 16, 131, 179

- direct 179 Marrakech Agreement 81 mass media 66 Maximum Residue Limits 82 meat 7,40,76,88,89,138,146,158

- frozen 88 - hygiene 88 - inspection 88 - processing 88

mechanoreceptors 172 medical use 141 medicine 42

- biological 42 MERCOUR Agreement 78 metabolism 12, 174 methionine 148 methodology 23 Mexico 11

mice 181 microbes 146 microbial decomposition 149 micro-biocenosis 176

- organisms 175 microbiological pathogens 80

- specifications 83 microhabitats 175 milk 56,57,107,108,146,148,158,170

- cow 57,107 - fat 148 - human 57, 107 - products 183 - protein 148

milling 24 minerals 140, 183 mobility 27 molecular biology 121, 142, 148 monitoring 77 monoculture 7,33,49, 62 monopoly 63 Monsanto 54 mosquitoes 137

moulds 156,163 mouth 171,174 movement pro teins 55 mucin 172 multi-interest forum 32 multimedia 27 mutagenesis 60 mutagens 149 mutations 60,62 mycoproteins 135 mycotoxins 156,163

national security 82 - standards 75

natural habitat 58, 61 needs 9

- biological 9 - market 9

nematodes 55 neonatal nutrition 57 Netherlands 141,157,158 network 7, 23

- thematic 23 new markets 21 nitrogen metabolism 54 non-food 21

- products 20, 21 - sector 21,22

non-governmentalorganisations 76 non-tariff barriers 81 North American Free Trade Agreement

(NAFTA) 78 Norway 24,141 nourishment 108, 183 Novartis 55 novel 14

- carbohydrate 14 - foods 131 - protein 14 - substance 14

Novel Food Regulation 11

nuclear fission 27 nutrients 30,96,107,140,146,170

- critical 96 - essential 30, 107

208

- isolated 170

nutrition 3 - value 33

nutritional 13,41

- effeets 13

- seientists 41

- value 13

o

obesity 167

odour 107, 172

OECD 12,15,95,105 - member states 15

oesophagus 171

oil 14

Öko-Institut 59

Olean 110 - Unilevers' 110

oligosaeeharides 101

omnivores 169

optie nerves 173

organic 15 - eommunity 16

- farming 178 - food 177

- market 15

- produetion 15

Organisation for Eeonomie Co operation and Development (OECD) 181

organism 12,32, 62

- beneficial 62

- genetically modified 12, 32

osteoehondrosis 56

osteoporosis 102,103 outbreeding 182

over-produetion 186

paekaging 111, 131

pain sensibility 174

paleolithic 169

- diet 169

panereas 113,171

parasitism 176

passage time 171

pathogen-resistanee 54

pathogens 83,155 peanuts 87, 181

peas 25

peetin 56 Penieillium 163

peristaltic reflexes 174

pest control 164

- inseets 51

pesticide 7, 11, 24, 29,30,33,49,57,62,71,

79,93, 112, 139, 161 - residues 29,79, 93

pesticide residues 89

pest-resistanee 16

Peyer's patehes 113,177

- plaques 182

pharmaeeutieals 56,57

phenotype 61

phosphates 137

photosynthesis 169

phytoalexins 62

phytosanitary 81

- measures 81

phytotoxieity 161

pineapples 110

pinoeytosis 177

plant 11,54,55,61,129,137,147,169

- breeding 137,147 - high yielding varieties (HYV) 129

- genetieally engineered varieties (GEV) 129 - promoters 61

- stress faetor 55

- transgenie 11,54, 61

plasma eells 176

plasmids 160

ploughing 61

poliey 7, 22, 23, 70

- eommunity 22

- regulatory 70

- quality 23

political demands 37

pollen 50

pollution 157,159

- mierobial 159

polygalaeturonase 56

polymers 21

209

population 17,27, 62 - ageing 27 - growth 62, 122

Portugal 24, 141 potato11, 50, 56, 60, 181 poultry 88, 89 practice 12

- regulatory 12 preservation 145,163 prices 36 Principles for Import and Export

Inspection and Certification 72 priority items 34 probiotics 183 process 22

- biological 22 - chemical 22 - physical 22

processing 21 - chains 21

product 13,35, 136 - development 13 - innovation 136 - manufacturing 13 - segregation 35

production 21, 22, 24 - chain 21 - integrated 24 -lines 21 - surplus es 24 - systems 22

productivity 16,53 programmes 23

- research 23 - technology development 23

prokaryotes 60, 61 proline 55 protection 30

- animal30 - environment 30

protective rights 39 protein 14, 40, 60, 135, 140, 168

- animal40, 168 - fusion 60 - new 14 - vegetable 40, 168

proteolysis 177 protozoa 84

public 20,53 - demand 20 - faith 53 - fun ding 65 - health 70, 181 - protection 70

Puerto Rico 157 pyloric sphincter 171 pyrolysis 149

quality 19,20,22,37,41,43,77,79,107, 146 - concept 37 - conceptions 107 - consumer 146 - control 77 - criteria 79 - ecological 43 - environmental 146 - ethical 43 - measurable 146 - nutritional 22 - social 43 - standardised 41 - standards 40 - of life 26,27,193

quinolones 160 QUORN 135

racemization 149 radionuclides 72,82 radishes 50 rape 50 rapeseed 11,15 recreation 194 rectum 171 reductionism 153 refined ingredients 140 refuse 155 regio olfactoria 172 regulation 64 religion 43

210

replicases 55 reproduction 148 reproductivity 56

research 19, 24,25 - fishery 24 - institutes 24 - oceanographic 24 - projects 25

residues 30, 107 resistant starch 101

resources 23,78,193 - aquaculture 23 - fisheries 23

- natural 193 retail trade 39 retailers 31 rhizoplane 149 rhizosphere 149

rice 50

risk 13, 22, 49, 59, 61, 63, 65, 69, 72, 78, 79, 84,139,186 - analysis 69,71, 72, 84

- assessment 59,72,78,79,84,186 - based inspection 86 - economic 22

- hidden 59 - hypothetical 59 - real 59 - recognisable 63

- residual 59, 63, 65 - safety 13

- speculative 59 - toxicological 61, 139 - unpredictable 59

rituals 174 rivers 137 rodents 175 Rome Declaration on World Food

Security 70

root exudates 150 - infecting fungi 150

roundtable discussions 58

Roundup 54, 62 rumen fermentation 148 rural 20,22,23,193

- areas 192

- development 23,193 - - programmes 195

- preference 193 Rural Advancement Foundation

International 151

- RAFI 151

safety 20 - assessment 12 - evaluation 102

- factors 93 sale 72

- conditions 72

salinity 55 saliva 113, 171, 172 Salmonella 111,138,159,162

- survival rates 159

salmonellosis 157, 159 -livestock 157

salt 111 sanitary 81

- measure 81

sanitation 159

saturated fatty acid 167 scavengers 169 school education 35

seasons 43 seed 16,135

- industry 16 - bank 62

- growers 24 - multinationals 49

selective advantage 61

self-responsibility 31 sensory cells 172

- organs 170 sequences 60

sewage sludge 158, 161

sheep 56,57 - transgenic 56

shelf life 182 side effect 60

silage 158 simplification 195 single households 157

skills 127 skin 174

211

slaughter 88 - animals 89

small intestine 171 sniffing 172 social discussion 38

- togetherness 174 Social Science Research Centre Berlin

58 socioeconomic need 64 soi! 7,51,161,178

- erosion 178 - fertility 149,161 - microfauna 51 - micro-organisms 149 - pollution 33

somatotropin 148 South Africa 65 soy 14, 15, 49, 50, 141, 146,181

- bean 11,14 - flour 14 - genetically modified 141 - herbicide-tolerant 14 - isolates 14 - protein 14 - textured 14 - transgenic 49

soybeans 11 Spain 141,158 spices 87 squash 11,55 standardisation 71 standards 30, 40

- hygiene 30 - sanitary 30

Standing Committee for Foodstuffs 12 starch 24

- biosynthesis 56 - industry 24

Steindor, Marina 53 sterility 147 stomach 171 storage 50 strawberries 138 streptomycetes 54 stress sensitivity 56

- tolerance 55 Stuttgart 58 subsidiarity 194

substances 12

- undesirable 12 substantial equivalence 12,96,

181 sugar 39, 111, 132 surrogates 39 sustainable 7,105,194 Swann Committee 160 Sweden 160 sweeteners 135 Swiss Consurner Forum 30 sylviculture 27 synergetic effects 162, 164 synthetic colourings 139 systems 140

- digestive 140 - hormonal 140 - nervous 140 - sensory 140

taboos 107 taste 29,37,50, 107, 173

- receptors 173 tea 39 technical assistance 195

- regulations 75,76 technological pluralism 66 technology 14, 64

- recombinant 'DNA 14 - registration 64

test methods 139 tetracycline 151,160 texture 107, 146 texturized plant protein 110 thermal processing 88 thermonuclear fusion 27 thermoreceptors 172 threonine 148 tin 85 tissue 147

- culture 147 T-lymphocytes 176 tobacco 54, 167

- mosaic virus 54 - transgenic 54

212

tomato 11,50,56 - Flavr Savr 56

tongue 173 tooth decay 183 touch 174 tourism 194 toxicants 96 toxicity testing 94 toxicology 60,93 toxin 33, 84, 93, 146, 171

- natural 93 trace elements 140, 171 trade 78,79,81

- barriers 74,78 - international 79 - liberalisation 81

trading rules 80 - international 80

traditional farming 54 traditions 132 traits 96

- agronomie 96 transfer 22

- technology 22 transparency 29,72 transport 27 transportation 30 trophobiosis 169 tropics 63 truth 38 tryptophane 148 turnips 50 tympanie membrane 174

unemployment 63 United Kingdom 157,158,160

- Nations 29 universities 24 urbanisation 179 Uruguay Round 81,86 US Safe Drinking Water Act 182 USA 11, 15,50,138,157,158

value 9,12,19,30,37,38,41,128,131,146 - added 9,19,21 - biological 131 - calorific 38 - economic added 128, 131 - food 38 - functional 146 - nutritional 9,12,30,37 - taste 37 - technical 37,41

variety 33,127 - new 127

vegetables 31,40,76,158,161 veterinarians 145 veterinary 30

- drugs 30,71,79, 89 virus infections 54 viruses 84 vision 173 vitamin 41,42,101, 102, 108, 140, 148, 171,

175 - theory 41

vv

war 42 waste 17,137

- nitrogenous 137 - management 111

water 7,27,76,138,159,163,171,182 - bottled 76 - contamination 182 - pollution 159 - pond 159 - tap 159

weed 54,58,60,62,63,147 - control 54,57,63,147 - herbicide resistant 62 - killers 51 - parasitic 63 - stress tolerant 58

weeding 62 we1fare 36 well-being 22 western diets 168

213

wheat 24,50 WHO 12 wholesale 39 wholesomeness 108,183 wild birds 158

- grass 50 - species plant 61 - strains 50

wood 21 working parties 34 World Food Summit Plan of Action

7° - food supply 63

- Health Organization (WHO) 181 WZB 58

- Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin 58

xenobiotics 156,160

yield 24,42, 62, 129, 137

214