1. McCarthy Kellogg and Cleveland 1

2. Building Towards WWIIAsia3 3. Japanese Aggression: Hirohito In September of 1931, Japaninvades and takes overManchuria, in northern China. The move was a violation of theKellogg-Briand Pact of 1928(signed by Japan) Despite cries of protest fromChina, the League of Nationsaccepted Japans reasoning ofself-defense for the aggression. US reaction- ends arms andtrade agreements Japanese look at end of pact asthreat to national security.OILinvolved.4 4. Building to World War IIEurope Treaty of Versailles Punishes Germany with reparations, extreme povertycauses resentment to Great Britain and France.Opens the door for a radical leader. Hitler =totalitarian. Uses Jews as scapegoat for all of Germanys woes.Social Democrats in power prior to Hitler composedof many Jews, and blamed for Germanys conditions. 5 5. 6 6. Aggression: Mussolini and Hitler Italy-expands into Albania and Ethiopia, alreadypossesses Libya, Eritrea, andSomaliland, Sardinia, Sicily Germany absorbed Austria into the ThirdReich=German Empire. Why didnt the U.S. act? Isolationism7 7. HITLERS WWIIAllies/Partners 8 8. IndiaBrazil THE ALLIED POWERS 9 9. US and Isolationism Isolationism-remaining out offoreign affairs. Patch up relations with LatinAmerica Tydings-McDuffie Act givesindependence to Phillipines (tonot upset JP) Neutrality Act of 1936 -stopssending arms to nations at war US refuses to join the WorldCourt in the League of Nations Neutrality Act of 1937 -changesarms sales to cash and carry10 10. When cautioned not to anger European powers, Hitler responded:Theyll never act. Theyll just protest. And theywill always be too late. Sadly, Hitler was right. Not onlyEurope, but the worldresponded much to late to theaggression and violence ofHitler. The isolationist andneutral attitude of the worldled to the deaths of millionsand a full scale world war thatmay have been prevented. 11 11. The Painful Lesson Great Britain, France, Italy, and Germany meet in Munich on September 28, 1938. Hitler has been aggressive in taking land west of Germany GB and FR try to appease Hitler by agreeing to the dismembering of democratic Czechoslovakia, in hopes that Hitler would cease. agreement is a failure. Hitler invades the demilitarized Czechoslovakia and promptly breaks Munich Pact By the end of 1939 both Hitler and Mussolini had conquered more territoryin Europe and made plans for further wars. Becomes famous as the Lesson of Munich 12 12. Troubling Agreements In order to continue on his questto dominate Europe, Hitler knewhe must avoid war with the SovietUnion. Hitler and Stalin (Soviet Union)sign Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in1939 GE gets western Poland (prevents2-sided war) SU gets easternPoland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania,Bessarabia (creates buffer againstGE invasion) What is the overwhelmingconsequence of European Why does Russia sign thisappeasement to both Hitler andnon-aggressive pact withMussolini?Germany?13 13. September 1st, 1939 Germany invades Poland officially beginning World War II On September 1, 1939 Hitlerlaunched a full-scale invasionof Poland. Britain and France declaredwar on Germany and WWIIhad begun. Germany and the SovietUnion divided Poland intotwo zones. One month later Germanyinvaded France 14 14. HITLER INVADES POLAND:SEPTEMBER 1, 193915 15. 16 16. MILITARY STRENGTH COMPARSION BETWEEN GERMANY AND POLANDIN 1939 MILITARY UNITGERMANYPOLAND INFANTRY4638 DIVISIONS MOTORIZED 411 CALVALRY DIVISIONSBRIGADES(HORSES) TANK DIVISIONS7NONE TANKS 3200 600BOMBERS 1176146FIGHTERS771315OTHER PLANES 1337381 17