Ordovician

Ostracoderms

Ordovician

Rugosan corals

Ordovician

Eurypterids or sea scorpions

Ordovician

Major radiation of trilobites and brachiopods

Silurian

First land animals

Silurian

Placoderms

Silurian

Appearance of first higher plant, Cooksonia

Cooksonia

Devonian

First insects (both winged and wingless

species)

Devonian

First trees and first forests

Devonian

First sharks

Ray-finned fish

Coelacanths Coelacanth distribution

Lungfishes

Acanthostega - early amphibian Devonian

First land amphibians (Ichthyostega)

Carboniferous

Dragonflies with 70 cm wing spans

Millipedes over 2 m long

Anthracosaurs

Carboniferous

First reptiles (amniotic egg)

Permian mass extinction

Trilobites

Rugosan

corals

Cotylosaur

Stem Reptiles

Therapsida

Mammal-like Reptiles

ThecodontiaPterosauria

Hadrosaurs (ornithopods)Sauropods

Fig. 20.03Theropod dinosaur

Deinonychus (theropod)Plesiosaurs

Ichthyosaurs Icthyosaurs

Fig. 20.04b Fig. 20.06