Apostolos Vlyssidis - NTUA
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Sustainable and effective utilization of olive mill wastes by applying physicochemical
and biological processes
A.G. Vlyssides, professor National Technical University of Athens
Chemical Engineering Department
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World wide olive oil production
Europe Africa Asia America
84%
8.5% 5.5%2%
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European Olive Oil Production
42%
20% 18% 20%
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Greek situation
The olives and olive oil are inextricable part of Greek
culture
In Greece there are 150.000.000 olive trees cultivated
in 765.000 hectare
The yearly production of each tree rises up to 300 kg
of olives
The 1/3 of Greek farmers are working on cultivation
of olives
Olives and olive oil production in Greece rise up
1.750.000 tn and 400.000 tn respectively
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Situation in Greece
INSTALLATIONS
2,633 olive oil mills
2,152 centrifugal systems (mostly 3-phases)
481 traditional (pressure squeezing)
20 pomace processing plants
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OLIVE MILL-ΙΙΙ phases
10 tn olives0
134.4 tn water
21.4 tn olive oil
49.6 tn pomace
163.4 tn wastewater
Total Solids 63.5 (TS) g/lTotal Suspended Solids (TSS) 2.8 g/lTotal Volatile Solids (TVS) 57.37 g/lAsh g/l6.13 Total Organic Carbon TOC) 39.82 g/l (Total Organic Nitrogen g/l (ΤΚΝ) 0.76 Total Phosphorus P O g/l ( ) 0.53 2 5
pH 4.8BOD 45.5 g/l5
COD 92.5 g/lolive oil 15 g/lConductivity mmhos/cm 12 Total Phenolic Compounds TPCs) 10.65 g/l (Potasium g/l (Κ Ο) 2.37 2
Dry mater (DM) 22.4 tnTotal Organic Carbon (TOC) 9.5 tnkernel oil 1 tn
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Proper characteristics for any success treatment method
•To be technical effective
•To be integrated
•To be feasible
•To meet all Environmental limits
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Marketable byproducts from OMW
•Waste olive oil
•energy
•antioxidants
•Soil conditioner
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DETOXIFICATION USING Fenton REAGENTS BEFOR ANY BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
Basic Fenton Reaction
Fe 2 + H2O2 → Fe 3 + ΗO + ΗΟ
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Laboratory scale apparatus for chemical oxidation
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Laboratory scale apparatus for anaerobic digestion activity determination
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Optimum results for %TPC reduction
Maximum reduction TPC∞ = 92 %
Conditions:
Initial conc of H2O2 : 3.037 g/l
Initial conc of Fe++ : 0.44 g/l
pH : 0.86
Temperature oC : 21.3 οC
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Lab scale UASB type continuous operation anaerobic digester for methane production from oxidized OMWW
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Optimum results for Kmax
Maximum kmax= 0.9 m3 of CH4/kg of VSS/d
conditions:
Initial conc of H2O2 : 3.2 g/l
Initial conc of Fe++ : 0.06 g/l
pH : 1.75
Τ : 15.7 οC
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BIOREFINARY FOR OLIVE WASTES TOTALLY UTILIZATION
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Olive extraction from OMWW
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Waste olive oil collection from OMWW
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Pilot scale anaerobic digestion of OMWW
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Biogas flare
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Co-composting of solids with liquid Olive Mill wastes
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Characteristics of the soil conditioner
Parameter Value Limitations
Water Holding Capasity 248 g/L >150
Germination Intex 235 % >100
ratio C/N 17.9 >15
Organic mater 85.5% >60
Ash 12.2% <25
Organic Carbon 43.5% >30
Total Nitrogen 2.42% >1
Total phosphorous 1.78 g/kg >0.35
Cationic Echange Capasity (CEC) 62 meq/100g >50
Humic compounds 40.5 % >25
pH 7.8 6.5-8.5
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Cultivation of grapes
Grape for wine
making
0% and 10% mixture of with conventional soil
Comparison after two months cultivation
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Basic concept of sustainability of olive cultivation
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Annual mass balance of proposed integrated method for a normal capacity Greek Olive Oil Mill
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Conclusions
•The fenton oxidation is a key for effective detoxification of OMWW
•After detoxification the anaerobic digestion could be used for energy production
•The proper combination of detoxified and anaerobicaly treated OMWW with the solid wastes of Olive Mills in a co-composting process could give an effective, feasible and integrated method for OMWW green management
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Thank you for your attention