Apology ofSocrates

Intermediate Greek Study Guide

C. A. E. Luschnig

1

Chapter I, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH 17A-18A, line 5

(L = Luschnig, Introduction to Ancient Greek; G&G = Goodwin and Gulick,Greek Grammar; S = Smyth, Greek Grammar)

Words for review, 17A: Before starting each section, go over the words for review; look up, learn,write down any you do not remember. ÓFJ4H, Ó J4 (L 174)Fb, ß:,ÃH (L 195)�<ZD, �<*D`H (decline in full) (L122-3)BVFPT (give principal parts)ßB` (with genitive, to express agent: by, at the hands of, L 89)@É*" (conjugate in perfect indicative and infinitive, L 184-5)¦(f, º:,ÃH (L 195)"ÛJ`H (name the three uses) (L 195-6)¦:"LJ@Ø, ¦:"LJ­H (review reflexive pronouns) (L 196-7)@àJT/@àJTH (adverb of @ÞJ@H)8X(T (go over principal parts; note that 8X(T can also mean mean)�802ZH, �802XH (135)§B@H, §B@LH, J` (declined like (X<@H, L 122):V84FJ",ÉH, :\", ª<---@Û*,\H, @Û*,:\", @Û*X< (review L 225 and esp 226))2"L:V.TB@8bH, B@88Z, B@8b (L 138)ÓH, », Ó (review and learn thoroughly the relative pronoun, L 65-6) @ÞJ@H, "àJ0, J@ØJ@ (review and be able to explain formation, L 84)PDZ (+ infinitive)ñH (consult table of particles--how, as, that, when, since)*,4<`H, -Z, -`<ì<, @ÞF", Ð< (participle of ,Æ:\, 152)

New Words to learn, 17A

6"JZ(@D@H, -@L, Ò accuser¦B48"<2V<@:"4 (aorist, ¦B,8"2`:0<) forget (+ genitive)B42"<äH (adverb, related to B,\2T) persuasivelyñH §B@H ,ÆB,Ã< so to speak, to put it in a word (limits a statement that seems too strong)R,b*@:"4 lie, cheat, deceive, tell falsehoods,Û8"$X@:"4 beware, be on one's guard¦>"B"JVT utterly deceive or mislead

Grammar questions, 17A

Ó J4: What type of clause does this introduce? (L 174, bottom) What is the main clause?B,B`<2"J,: From what verb? Parse.ßBÎ Jä< ¦:ä< 6"J0(`DT<: What construction?¦:"LJ@Ø: What case and why? [Genitive with verbs of forgetting]

2

"ÛJ`H: Which use of "ÛJ`H?"ÛJä<: Which use of "ÛJ`H?�802XH: What case? With what does it agree?,ÆDZ6"F4: What tense? Why does Socrates change tenses from §8,(@< in line 3 to ,ÆDZ6"F4<

in line 4? What is the emotional or dramatic value of this change?ô<: What form of the relative pronoun would you expect here, as object of ¦R,bF"J@? The

relative pronoun is attracted into the case of its antecedent.J@ØJ@: To what does this refer?ß:�H: What case and why?¦>"B"J02­J,: What form and construction? (L 307)ñH *,4<@Ø Ð<J@H: What use of the participle? (L 156-7. 2) Why is it genitive? Hint: with what

pronoun does it agree? 8X(,4<: What use of the infinitive [hint: *,4<ÎH 8X(,4< means clever at speaking]

Words to review, 17B

"ÆFPb<@:"4 (cf. "ÆFPD`H)§D(@<¦B,4*Z, ¦B,4*V<N"\<@:"4 (give principal parts)*@6XT (give principal parts; conjugate in present system),Æ:\ (conjugate in full, including infinitive, subjunctive, and optative, L 262){DZJTD, {DZJ@D@H, ÒñFB,D J4H, J4 ³...³�6@bT (give principal parts; + _____ of person heard, _____ of thing heard)B�H, B�F", B�< (base: B"<J-) practice declension (L 137)�8Z2,4" :X<J@4-,bH, )4`H, )4\, )\", (voc.) -,Ø -- :� (JÎ<) )\" by Zeus

Words to learn, 17B

"ÛJ\6" at once, immediately¦>,8X(PT convict, confute, refute (§8,(P@H, proof; ¦8X(PT, cross-examine, test)ÒBTFJ4@Ø< in any way at all�<"\FPL<J@H shamelessÒ:@8@(XT admit, agree, confess6"884,BX@:"4 say in fine words, deck out one's language (the perfect mid. is pass. in meaning)

Grammar questions, 17B

JÎ :¬ "ÆFPL<2­<"4: What construction? (L 74-5)¦>,8,(P2ZF@<J"4: parse; N"\<T:"4: tense, mood, construction (L 293-4)J@ØJ`: Why two accents? To what does J@ØJ@ refer?What are the primary and secondary direct objects of 6"8@ØF4<?J�802­ is crasis for ____ + __________. What case and why?8X(@<J": Which use of the participle?Ò:@8@(@\0<: What mood and why? (L 299, 300){DZJTD: What case and why?

3

:@L: What case and why?òFB,D @Ê J@bJT<: What does @Ê refer to? What word is omitted in the ellipsis?

Review Vocabulary, 17C

... J, 6"\Ð<@:" (decline, L 120) B4FJ,bT*\6"4@H (give four additional words from the same root):0*,\H (review this and @L*,\H, L 226)�88TH (adverb of �88@H),ÆF4X<"4 (,É:4 go)

Words to learn, 17C

{D­:", {DZ:"J@H, J` word, verb6@F:XT adorn, ornament, trick out, tart up,Æ6­ adverb, at random¦B4JL(PV<T meet with, happen upon; ¦B4JLPf< coming along ("any old," that is "any old

words as they happen to come to me")BD@F*@6VT expectBDXBT suit, fit; BDXB,4 it becomes, it is suitable, fitting (impersonal)º846\" age, time of life:,4DV64@<, -@L, J` lad, adolescent, young whipper-snapperB8VJJT fashion, make up*X@:"4 [middle of *XT, lack] want, need, beg, requestB"D\0:4 omit B"D\,:"4 [middle] entreat, beg"B@8@(X@:"4 defend oneself, give a speech in one's own defense"(@DV, -�H, º marketplace, shopping center, downtownJDVB,.", -­H, º banker's table, money-changer's tableË<" where,ÇT2" be accustomed

Grammar questions, 17C

{DZ:"F\ J, 6"Â Ï<`:"F4<: What case and why? (L 37, 48)¦B4JLP@ØF4<: What tense of the participle? What case?BD@F*@60FVJT: What person, mood, tense? (L 313-14)BDXB@4: What mood and why? (L 299)J±*, J± º846\�: What case and why? ,ÆF4X<"4: On what does this depend?�6@b0J,: What mood and why? (L 289-90)�B@8@(@L:X<@L: What case and why? 2"L:V.,4<: On what does this infinitive depend?J@bJ@L: What case and why?

Words for review, 17Dª<,6" + genitive on account of§PT + adverb be in such and such a way<Ø< BDäJ@H ¦6,Ã<@H

4

§J@H, §J@LH, J`(\(<@:"4 (give principal parts)�<"-$"\<T (give principal parts of $"\<T)NT<Z

Words to learn, 17D

*46"FJZD4@< law courtJè Ð<J4 in reality¦<2V*, hereJD`B@H manner, way; Ô< JD`B@< in the way in which, as�88@24 elsewhere [adverb from �88TH]2@DL$XT make a disturbance or outcry, create an uproar©$*@:Z6@<J" seventy�J,P<äH quite, altogether8X>4H, 8X>,TH, º style of speaking, diction>L((4(<fF6T (+ dative) pardon, forgive*ZB@L (particle involving the raising of a Socratic eyebrow) of course, I s'poseJDXNT nurture, bring up

Grammar questions, 17D

@ßJTF\: Explain or describe the use of an adverb with forms of §PTBDäJ@<: What part of speech?§J0: What case and why? (L 217)>X<TH: Explain the use of the adverb (L 225. 4). What type of condition? (L 143.2)ê<: What use of the participle? (L 160-1)¦J,2DV::0<: What tense [hint: the verb is JDXNT].

Review Vocabulary, 18AÓFB,D, »B,D, ÓB,D (< ÓH, », Ó)JDXNT*X@:"4¦VTP,\DT<, comparative of ________________$,8J\T<, comparative of ________________F6@BXTBD@FXPT�D,JZ {DZJTD *46"FJZH

Words to learn, 18A (Chapter I)

6"Â *¬ 6"\ [moves from the general to the particular] and especiallyÇFTH [adverb] perhaps

5

Grammar questions, 18A (Chapter I)

¦�<: What part of speech? (< ¦VT),Ç0: What mood and why? (L 299)J@ØJ@: To what does this refer?F6@B,Ã<: On what does this depend?J\H ¦FJ4< �D,J¬ *46"FJ@Ø; (answer in Greek){DZJ@D@H: What case and why?

Chapter I: Composition exercises for review of vocabulary and constructions in thechapter.

1. He does not know what the accusers mean.

2. We think that this speaker really does speak the truth [i.e., happens to be saying truethings].

3. It is necessary for the jurymen to examine whether the one-defending-himself speaks thetruth or not.

4. I, to be sure, am not accustomed to speaking in court.

5. I beg you to permit me to speak with any old words [i.e., with "happening along words"].

6

Chapter II, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH 18A-E

Words to know 18A-B

*\6"4`H ,Æ:4àFJ,D@H -" -@<N@$@Ø:"4(­, (­HR,L*ZH -XHBV8"4�:N\�B"H, �B"F", �B"<6"J0(@DXT³*06"\B,DB@4XT§B,4J":�88@<B"ÃH, B"4*`H

Words to learn, 18A-B

B"D"8":$V<T take in charge, take possession of:,JXTD@H, -@< in the airND@<J4FJZH, -@Ø, Ò thinker, speculator�<".0JXT seek out, enquire intoStudy the alternate forms of the comparatives in -4T<, -4@< (L 221)

Grammar and syntax, 18A-B

line(s)2 6"J0(@D0:X<": What voice and tense?4 What words are to be understood after J� àFJ,D" and J@×H ßFJXD@LH?5-6 B@88� §J0: What case and why? (217)7 Ð<J"H: What use of the participle; with what does it agree?

6"\ (end of line 7): What use?9 ß:ä<: What case and why?10 §B,42@<: What tense and why?

¦:@Ø: What case and why? [Smyth 1385: Verbs of accusing and condemningcompounded with 6"JV take a genitive of the person and an accusative of thepenalty.]

11 J� :,JXTD": What case and why?13 »JJT and 6D,\JJT: What case and why? Give alternate forms of these twocomparatives. (L 221)

Words to know, 18CNZ:0PD`<@H:,4DV64@<

7

º(X@:"4§J4�J,P<äH.0JXTº846\"�8@(@H2,@×H <@:\.,4<B4FJ,bT@Í`H J, [,Æ:\]@É*"

Words to learn, 18C

6"J"F6,*V<<L:4 scatter about, spread abroad§<4@4, -"4, -" (pl.) some¦DZ:0 *\60 an undefended action (default)6T:å*@B@4`H, -@Ø, Ò comic poet, writer of comedies

Grammar and syntax, 18C

line(s)15 �6@b@<J,H: Which use of the participle?16 What is the subject of <@:\.,4<?17 B@8×< PD`<@<: What case and why?18 6"J0(@D06`J,H: What tense? List the word that agree with it.21 �B@8@(@L:X<@L @Û*,<`H: What case and why?23 ,Æ*X<"4: From what verb? On what does it depend?24 ê<: What form? On what does it depend? With what does it agree?

Words to know, 18D-E

*4"$@8Z@Í`< J, ¦FJ\<�B@6D\<@:"4@Ç@:"4 [@É:"4]Ï8\(@HB8X@< [comparative of _______________]@Í@HPDV@:"4¦8X(PT [see I B]�>4`TBD`J,D@<$@b8@:"4Ó:THB,\2TªJ,D@H�:,4<@< [comparative of _______________]P"8,B`H

8

�88@H�<V(60�DJ4àFJ,D@<�J,P<äH¦B4P,4DXT8"<2V<T

Words to learn, 18D-E

N2`<@H -@L, Ò envy, jealousy�B@D@H -@< difficult to deal with [without B`D@H a way through]�<"$4$V.T make to go up; Middle: bring up; call up as a witness¦<J"L2@Ã [adverb] here, hitherF64":"PXT fight with shadows*4JJ`H -0 -@< twofold, double, of two kinds,É,< [interjection] well, o.k.¦>"4DXT [aorist -,Í8@<; aorist stem -©8-] take out, remove [with genitive ofseparation]ÓB® [relative adverb] where, in what way, as

9

Grammar and syntax, 18D-E

line(s)24 N2`<å and *4"$@8­: What case and why?25 B,B,4F:X<@4: What tense? What words agree with it?27 �<"$4$VF"F2"4: On what does it depend?

"ÛJä<: What case? On what does it depend?@Û*X<": What case and why?

29 �B@8@(@b:,<@<: What case and why?29-30 :0*,<ÎH �B@6D4<@:X<@L: What case and why?30 �>4fF"J,: What tense and mood?32 6"J0(@DZF"<J"H: What case? List words in sentence agreeing with it.33 @ÆZ20J,: From what verb? What tense, voice and mood?

:,: What case and why?35 6"J0(@D@b<JT<: What tense? What case and why?

Jä<*,: What case and why?36 �B@8@(0JX@<: What form? Review verbals in -JX@H, -JX@<.37 ß:ä<: What case and why?38 »<: What case and why? What is the antecedent?39 Ï8\(å PD`<å: What case and why?

$@L8@\:0<: What mood and why?41 B@4­F"4: What tense and mood? On what does it depend?42 P"8,B`<: What case and why?43 ÇJT: From what verb? What person and mood?

Jè <`:å: What case and why?44 B,4FJX@<: What form? How is that form used? What does it mean?

Chapter II. Exercises: Write in Greek.

1. I am right in saying that those accusing me are of two kinds.

2. But both the accusers of long ago and Anytus and his crew have said not a word of truth.

3. Nevertheless I must try to persuade you, although I think it is difficult to remove aprejudice [or slander] of long standing in so brief a time.

4. For understand that the earlier accusers cannot be cross-examined. O.K., then, it isnecessary to begin from the beginning.

10

Chapter III, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH 19B-D

Words to know, 19B�DPZ¦:`H, -Z, -`<*,ûJJT< [comparative of ___________________]*4*VF6T¦6,Ã*\60ÓF@H6"J0(@D\" [cf. 6"JZ(@D@H, 6"J0(@DXT](\(<@:"4 (give principal parts)�*46XTJ@4@ØJ@H, J@4"bJ0, J@4@ØJ@(<):X("H, :,(V80, :X(" [decline]:VDJLHBfB@J,*4"$V88T.0JXT6D,\JJT< [comparative of ___________________]B"DXP@:"4(4(<fF6T [give principal parts]*4"$@8ZòFB,D@ÛDV<4@H (adjective of @ÛD"<`H)ÒDVT [conjunctive in present and imperfect indicative]�88Z8T<N,b(T

Words to learn, 19B

�<"8":$V<T [aorist �<X8"$@<] take up(DVN0< (DVN,F2"4 [+ accusative of person] to present a written indictment�<JT:@F\", -"H, º [cf. Ð:<L:4 "swear"] a charge made under oath, affidavit�<"(4(<fF6T [aorist �<X(<T<] to readB,D4,D(V.@:"4 [§D(@<] be a busy body, meddle in things that are none of my business6T:å*\" [6ä:@H + í*Z] comedyB,D4NXDT carry aroundNVF6T assert, claim, declare [form N0:\]�,D@$"JXT [�ZD 'air' + $"\<T 'go'] to walk on air, tread airN8L"D\", -"H, º nonsense, drivel¦B"\T understand�J4:V.T dishonorBTH [enclitic] in any/some way [cf. BäH in what way, how]:XJ,4:4 be among; impersonal :XJ,FJ\ :@4 I have a partNDV.T (aorist §ND"F") tell, point out*4"8X(@:"4 converse, talk

Syntax and grammar, 19A-D

11

line(s)(A) 1 �<"8V$T:,<: What mood and why?(B) 2 Á: What case and why?4 8X(@<J,H: Which use of the participle?

*4"$V88@<J,H: Which use of the participle?5 �<"(<ä<"4: What tense and mood? From What verb: On what does it depend?

"ÛJä< What other word in the sentence is parallel to this one syntactically?7 B@4ä<: What case and why?

»JJT: What case and why?(C) 9 ©TD�J,: What tense? From what verb? Why is that tense used here?

"ÛJ@\. Which use of "ÛJ`H?10 J4<V: What is the force of J4<V here? Does Socrates identify himself with thatperson?11 �,D@$"J,Ã<: What mood and why?12 BXD4: Why accented thus? What word depends on BXD4?15 Nb(@4:4: What mood and why?(D) 17 ß:ä<: What case and why?

:VDJLD"H: What case and why?18 �88Z8@LH: What case and why?19 *4"8,(@:X<@L: What does this agree with? What case and why?20 NDV.,J,: What mood?23 ¦FJ\<: What number and why? What is the subject?

Chapter III. Exercises: Write in Greek.

1. Do you suppose that some fellow (called) Socrates teaches others such things?

2. Yes, I have seen him in a comedy making the worse argument the better.

3. But he claims to know nothing about such things.

4. He says indeed that he has no part in these things which the majority (of people) say abouthim.

5. But why would they slander him if he does not do injustice (by) meddling and babbling alot of drivel?

6. I know nothing about such matters, but let us listen to him (while he is) making his speechin his own defense.

From Aristophanes' Clouds:

Strepsiades goes to the ND@<J4FJZD4@< ("think-tank") of Socrates to learn how toavoid paying his debts, explaining to his son:

@âJ@4 *4*VF6@LF', �D(bD4@< µ< J4H *4*è, 8X(@<J" <46�< 6"Â *\6"4"6�*46".

12

When he goes inside, during a conversation with one of Socrates' :"20J"\ he seessomeone swinging around in a basket:

EJD,R4V*0H:NXD,, J\H (�D @âJ@H @ßBÂ J­H 6D,:V2D"H �<ZD;

9"20JZH:"ÛJ`H.

EJD,R4V*0H:J\H "ÛJ`H;

9"20JZH:ET6DVJ0H.

EJD,R4V*0H:ì Ef6D"J,H, Ç2' @âJ@H, �<"$`0F@< "ÛJ`< :@4

:X(".9"20JZH:

"ÛJÎH :¥< @Þ< F× 6V8,F@<. @Û (VD :@4 FP@8Z.EJD,R4V*0H:

ì Ef6D"J,H, ì ET6D"J\*4@<.ET6DVJ0H:

J\ :, 6"8,ÃH, ì zNZ:,D,;EJD,R4V*0H:

BDäJ@< :¥< Ó J4 *D�H, �<J4$@8ä, 6VJ,4BX :@4.ET6DVJ0H:

�,D@$"Jä, 6"Â B,D4ND@<ä JÎ< »84@<.

13

Chapter IV, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH 19D-20B

Words to know, 19D-20A

B"4*,bT@Û*X§>,FJ4$@b8@:"4"ÆF2V<@:"4 [give principal parts]¦B4P,4Dä (-XT)@Í`H J, ¦FJ\©"LJ@Ø�B@8,\BTPD­:", PDZ:"J"ª6"FJ@HB@8\J0H*\*T:4JLPV<T [with participle]BDVJJTB`84HBDVJJT<X@H,É:4 [go] (participle Æf<)>b:B"H

Words to learn

BD@Ã6" [adverb] for free, gratis>L<@LF\" associationFN,ÃH, FNä<, FN\F4, FN�H (3rd person plural personal pronoun) they, them, 6.J.8.BD`F@4*" know in addition BD`F@4*" PVD4< give thanks besides§<2"*, [adverb] here¦B4*0:XT [*­:@H] be in townJ,8XT (perfect J,JX8,6") complete, fulfill; payF@N4FJZH -@Ø, Ò sophist

14

Syntax and grammar

line(s)2 J4<@H: What case and why?4 6"8`<: What case and why?

,Ç0: What mood and why?5 B"4*,b,4<: On what does this depend?8 <X@LH: What case and why? On what does it depend?

@ÍH: What case and why? What is the antecedent?8-9 Jä< B@84Jä<: What case and why?8 ©"LJä<: To whom does this refer?9 >L<,Ã<"4: On what does this depend?10 �B@84B`<J"H: With what does this agree?

¦6,\<T<: To whom does this refer?FN\F4<: To whom does this refer?

11 >L<,Ã<"4: On what does this depend?13 ¦B4*0:@Ø<J": What case and why?

BD@F,82f<: What use of the participle?14 B8,\T: What case and why?15 K"88\": What case and why?

Words to know, 20A-C (lines 15-32)

:X88TJ@4@ØJ@HBV<L�D,JZF6XBJ@:"4 [give principal parts]�802äHJXP<0¦B,4*Z¦< <è §P,4<8":$V<T [give principal parts]N0:\ [conjugate in imperfect]¦B4FJ":"4 [conjugate in present and imperfect indicative]

Words to learn

µ< *'¦(f I saidµ *'ÓH he said§PT + infinitive be ableLÊ`H son [declined in both second and 3rd declensions]�<0D`:0< I askedBä8@H, -@L, Ò foal:`FP@H, -@L, Ò calf¦B4FJVJ0H, -@L, Ò overseer, master, trainer:4F2`@:"4 hireBD@FZ6T< [participle of BD@FZ6T] proper, appropriateÊBB46`H pertaining to ËBB@4

15

(,TD(46`H skilled in farming�<2DfB4<@H pertaining to �<2DTB@HB@84J46`H pertaining to B@8\J0H¦B4FJZ:T< -@<@H [adjective, genitive] skilled in, knowledgeable in6J­F4H -,TH, º possession, acquisitionB@*"B`H of what place? where from?B`F@H how much? how great?; pl. how many?:<�, :<�H, º mina:"6"D\.T consider, count, esteem; happy, blessed¦::,8äH moderately6"88b<@:"4 pride myself�$Db<@:"4 give oneself airs (�$Db<T deck out)

Grammar and Syntax. Notes.

1. Some dual forms:

2nd decl. nouns, adj. Dual nom. and acc. -Tgen. and dat. -@4<

3rd Decl. nom. and acc. -,gen. and dat. -@4<

Active MiddleVerbal endings Dual 3rd pers. -J@< (primary) -F2@<

-J0< (secondary) -F20<

2. Genitive of price--the price for which one gives or does anything stands in thegenitive. 6"Â B`F@L *4*VF6,4;

Syntax and Grammar. Questions: lines 15-32.

line(s)16 "ÛJä: What case and why?

¦FJ@<: From what verb? What person and number? What tense?LÊX,: What case and why?

17 ¦(,<XF20<...,ÇP@:,<: What type of condition? Give tenses of each verb.:`FPT: What case and why?

*18 8"$,Ã<: On what does the infinitive depend?"ÛJ@Ã<: What case and why?

*19 B@4ZF,4<: What tense of infinitive and why?20 �D,JZ<: What case and why?21 J\<": With what does this agree?24 ¦F6XN2"4: What tense?27 BX<J, :<ä<: What case and why?30 º$DL<`:0<: What tense? What construction?31 ²B4FJV:0<: What tense? From what verb?

16

Exercises. Write in Greek.

1. If you should hear anyone saying that I teach the young men, this is not true.

2. I would make a lot of money, if I knew these things.

3. I have two sons (use dative of possession). And, I have found a trainer for them who isgoing to teach them political virtue for nothing.

4. Do you really think that he will be able to make them (both) respectable people at thehuman virtue for ten minae?

Words to know, 20C-D

ÇFTHJ@F@ØJ@HÐ<@:"BD�(:"NZ:0F@N\"B@2X<B,4DV@:"4§PT (give principal parts)*4"$@8Z�B@*,\6<L:464<*L<,bT*ZB@LJ\ B@J,§B,4J"

Words to learn

ßB@8":$V<T take up, interrupt, supposeB,D4JJ`H, -0 -@< out of the way, excessiveBD"(:"J,b@:"4 exert oneself�88@Ã@H -" -@< different"ÛJ@FP,*4V.T speak off-handB"\.,4< to play, to joke¦Dä [future] I will sayB@Ã@H -" -@< of what kind

Syntax and grammar

line(s)1 ßB@8V$@4: What tense? What mood and why?3 "âJ"4: What type of pronoun?4 F@Ø...BD"(:"J,L@:X<@L: What construction?

17

5 §BD"JJ,H: What tense and why?6 "ÛJ@FP,*4V.T:,<: What mood and why?7 J"LJ\: What case and why?8 �B@*,Ã>"4: What tense?10 J4F\<: What case and why?11 ÇFJ,: What mood and tense?13 J@ØJ@: With what does this agree?

§FP06": From what verb? What tense?B@\"<: What case and why?

15 J"bJ0<: What case and why?

18

Words to know, 20E-21A

JVP"�<"NXDT [give principal parts]©J"ÃD@H),8N@\�DJ4 (just now)¦6 <X@LJ@8:VTB8­2@H²D`:0< < §D@:"4ÓFJ4H@Í@H>L:N,b(T�*,8N`HN0:\B"DXPTNL(ZJ,8,LJVTR,b*@:"4:VDJLH6"JXDP@:"4

Words to learn

2@DL$XT make a disturbance�>4`PD,TH, -T< responsible, worthy of credit, trustworthyFN@*D`H enthusiastic, earnest, eager*ÒD:VT urge on, hasten after, be eager for, set out for, undertake:"<J,b@:"4 divine, foretell, enquire of an oracle:"DJLDXT bear witness�<"4DXT take up, destroy; in aorist [�<,Ã8@<] (of an oracle) give a response

Syntax and grammar

line(s)16 :,\.T: What case and why? With what words does it agree?17 ,É,<: Parse. What mood and why?20 2@DL$ZF0J,: What tense? What mood and why?

*`>T: What tense and mood? Reason for mood?22 �>4`PD,T<: What case? With what words does it agree?23 :VJLD": What case and why? What words are in apposition with it?26 B8Z2,4: What case and why?

NL(Z<: What case and why?27 ÇFJ,: What tense and mood?

ÒD:ZF,4,<: What tense and mood?31 ¦:@Ø: What case and why?

,Ç0: What mood and why?32 BXD4: Explain accent.

19

Exercises. Write in Greek.

1. Chaerephon, going to the oracle, asked whether there was any man wiser than Socrates in(respect to) mortal wisdom.

2. But the Pythian prophetess replied that Socrates was the wisest of all men.

3. Explain to us why this slander/prejudice has arisen for you.

4. Tell us what sort of person Socrates might be; for I at least do not want to jump toconclusions about him.

Words to know, 21B-C

F6XBJ@:"42X:4H*4"-F6@BXT*4"8X(@:"4JDXBTª<,6"¦8X(PT*X@:"4*@6XTÓ2,<�B@-N"\<TB@84J46`H�88@HNVF6TBVFPT (give principal parts)*ZB@LN0:\ (give imperfect)

Words to learn

¦<2L:X@:"4 lay to heart, ponder"Æ<\JJ@:"4 [cf. "Ç<4(:"] talk in riddles.b<@4*" be conscious [+ dative]�B@DXT [cf. �B@D@H] be in difficulties, be at a loss.ZJ0F4H -,TH, º search:"<J,Ã@< -@L , J` oraclePD0F:`H -@Ø, Ï oracular response

Grammar and syntax

20

line(s)1 F6XR"F2,: What mood and tense?2 *4*V>,40: On what finite verb does this depend? What tense and why?

J"ØJ": What case and why?3 ¦<,2L:@b:0<: What tense and why?4 :X(": What case and why?5 ê<: What use of the participle? What case and why?6 F@NfJ"J@<: What case and why?7-8 B@8×< PD`<@<: What case and why?8 ²B`D@L<: What tense?10 *@6@b<JT<: What case? Which use of the participle?11 ¦8X(>T< and �B@N"<ä<: What tense and why?17 �88@4H: What case and why?18 ,É<"4: On what does this depend?

Words to know, 21D-E

B,4DV@:"464<*L<,bT*,\6<L:4@Û*XJ,D@H@Ç@:"4@É*"¦<J,Ø2,<§@46"BVD,4:4(@Ø<�B,4:4 (,É:4: go)F:46D`H (=:46D`H)

Words to learn

�B,P2V<@:"4 (aorist �B0P2`:0<) incur hatred, become hateful to [+ dative]8@(\.@:"4 reckon, consider

Grammar and syntax

line(s)19 @Ç@4J@ and ,Ç0: What mood and why?20 J@bJå and B@88@ÃH: What case and why?22 �<2DfB@L: What case and why?24 ,Æ*fH: What form? What case and why?26 F:46Då: What case and why? What words agree with it?

�: What case and why?27 ¹": What person, number, tense. Of what verb?28 F@NfJ,DT<: What case and why?29 §*@>,: What number and why?

21

Chapter VII, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH 21E-22C

Words to know, 21+-22!

:,J�J"ØJ"³*0"ÆF2V<@:"4*,*\"�B,P2V<@:"4Ó:TH�<"(6"Ã@<PD0F:`H6bT<, 6L<`Hµ:V84FJ"Ï8\(@L*,Ã [= almost]B8,ÃFJ@H [superlative of ________________]N"Ø8@HND`<4:@H¦B4*,\6<L:4B`<@HB@<XTB@40JZH -@Ø, ÒJD"(å*\"*42bD":$@H

Words to learn

¦N,>­H one after another, in succession [adverb]8LBXT grieve, pain; passive be grieved/painedB,DÂ B8,\FJ@L B@4,ÃF2"4 consider of the most importance,Û*@64:XT be of good repute¦<*,ZH -,H wanting, in need of¦B4,46ZH -XH good, well-fittedB8V<0 -0H, º wandering�<X8,(6J@H -@< not refuted, irrefutable:"<J,\" -"H, º prophecy, oracleJ4 J@4@ØJ@< something of the sort, like thatÏ8\(@L *,Ã far from it

Grammar and syntax

line(s)2 *,*4fH: With what does it agree? What tense?4 ÆJX@<: What form? How used?

F6@B@Ø<J4: What case and why? To whom does it refer?5 J4: What case and why?

22

12 B@<@Ø<J@H: What case and why?13 (X<@4J@: What mood and why?

Words to know, 22B-C

¦<J"Ø2"�:"$,8J\T< (comparative of __________________)NbF4H�<"8":$V<T:"<2V<TBV2@HB@\0:""ÆFPb<@:"4"ÆF2V<@:"4(4(<fF6T (give principal parts)¦<J,Ø2,<BD"(:"J,bTñH §B@H ,ÆB,Ã<*4-,DTJVTÏ8\(@HF@N\"BVD,4:4

Words to learn

"ÛJ`NTD@H -@< in the act of thieving ¦B'"LJ@NfDå red-handed6"J"8":$V<T seize upon�:"2ZH -XH ignorant{D0JX@< it must be said¦<2@LF4V.@<J,H (participle of ¦<2@LF4V.T) be inspired2,`:"<J4H -,TH, Ò prophet of a god, seer, soothsayerPD0F:å*@H, -@Ø, Ò oracle-mongerB@\0F4H -,TH, º poetryB,D4(\(<@:"4 get the better of, be superior (+ genitive)

Grammar and syntax

line(s)16 6"J"80R`:,<@H: What tense and why?

¦6,\<T<: What case and why?18 ¦*`6,4: What tense and number? What is the subject?

*40DfJT<: Parse.19 8,(@4,<: What mood and why?

:"<2V<@4:4: What mood and why?23 ¦B,B@4Z6,F"<: What tense?24 Ï8\(å: What case and why?

B@4@Ã,<: What mood and why?

23

29 "ÛJä<: What case and why?�88": What case and why?

30 F@NTJVJT<: What case and why?�: What case and why?

31 "ÛJè: Which use of "ÛJ`H? B,D4(,(@<X<"4: What is the subject?

24

Chapter VIII, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH 22D-E

Words to knowJ,8,LJVT �B@6DbBJT�:N`J,D@H >b<@4*"�<-,DTJVT �B@6D\<@:"4¦B\FJ":"4 ,ßD\F6TPD0F:`H *XP@:"4JXP<0 �:"2ZHB`J,D"...³ �>4`T�:"2\"

Words to learnline(s)1 P,4D@JXP<0H -@L, Ò craftsman, artisan, hand-worker6 �:VDJ0:" -:"J@H J` error, fault8 ¦>,D(V.@:"4 bring to perfection, be very skillful in

*0:4@LD(`H -@Ø, Ò craftsman10 B80::X8,4" -"H, º false-note; mistake16 8LF4J,8XT to profit 8LF4J,8,Ã (impersonal and dative) it is profitable, it is better

Grammar and syntax

line(s)1 J,8,LJä<: What form and use?2 ¦:"LJè: What case and why?

>L<¯*0: What tense?3 ,ßDZF@4:4: What mood and why?3-4 B@88� 6"Â 6"8V: What case and why?4 J@bJ@L: [tr. in this] What kind of genitive? [G&G 1117]5 ²B\FJ"<J@: What tense? From what verb?

J"bJ®: What case and why?:@L: What case and why?

6 J"ÛJ`<: What case? What does it agree with?7 ÓB,D: What case and why?8 ¦>,D(V.,F2"4: What use of the infinitive?9 ²>\@L: What tense, person, and verb?

J�88": What case and why?11 �<,DTJ�<: What form and syntax?12 *,>"\:0<: What mood and why?13 �:"2\"<: What case and why?15 �B,6D4<V:0<: What tense?16 8LF4J,8@Ã: What tense and mood; why?

Exercises. Write in Greek. (Ch. VI, VII, VII)

Socrates, wishing to find out what the oracle meant, went around in succession, firstto the politicians, then to the poets, and finally to the craftsmen, believing that he would find

25

them knowing many fine things. But he found that all these (men) thought that they knewmany things which they did not know. The politicians seemed to be wise but were not. Thepoets knew little or nothing about their own works, which they had written under divineinspiration. The craftsmen too, because they knew their craft well [use articular infinitive],believed that they were the cleverest of men in politics and other very great things, of whichthey knew nothing. Socrates then understood what the oracle meant in asserting that he wasthe wisest. But since he did not wish to be ignorant in their ignorance, he incurred the hatredof many.

Chapter IX, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Words to know@Í@H P"8,B`H$"DbH ©6VFJ@J,¦>,8X(PT 64<*L<,bT�<2DfB4<@H �>4@H§J4 B,D\-,4:4 [,É:4: go].0JXT >X<@H¦B,4*V< ¦<-*,\6<L:4FP@8Z

Words to learn

¦>XJ"F4H, -,TH, º investigation, enquiry, examination�BXP2,4", -"H, º hatred, enmityBD@FPDV@:"4 make use of for, use in addition, useB"DV*,4(:", -"J@H, J` example¦D,L<VT search after, investigate�FJ`H, -@Ø, Ò townsman, fellow-citizen$@02XT help (with dative)�FP@8\", -"H, º lack of leisure, occupation@Æ6,Ã@H -" -@< one's own, personal, privateB,<\", -"H, º poverty:bD4@H -" -@< countless, infinite8"JD,\" -"H, º service, devotion

Grammar and syntax

line(s)4 (,(@<X<"4: What form and use?6 J"ØJ": What case and why?

"ÛJ`<: What case and why? With what does it agree?8 8X(,4<: Why is the infinitive used?11 Ï<`:"J4: What case and why?

B"DV*,4(:": What case and why?12 ,ÇB@4: What mood and why?13 §(<T6,<: Parse.16 �FJä<: What case and why?

@ÇT:"4: What mood and why?

26

17 Jè 2,è: What case and why?19 Jä<: What does this mean?

27

Chapter X, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH 23C-24A

Words to know

B8@bF4@H P"\DTB@88V64H ,ÉJ"¦B4P,4DXT ÏD(\.T*4"N2,\DT ¦DTJVT�(<@XT �B@DXT (cf. �B@D@H)N48@F@NXT :,JXTD@H [see IIB]�J, [particle used with participles, since]FN@*D`H [V, 21A] B42"<äHBV8"4 [I A] *4"$V88T¦B4-J\20:4 [middle: set upon, attack]*0:4@LD(`H 2"L:V.T@Í`H J, ,4:\ ¦>"4DXT�B@-6DbBJT ßB@-FJX88T [middle: suppress, hold back]�B,P2V<@:"4 J,6:ZD4@<"ÇJ4@< (cf. "ÆJ\", -"H, º) "Þ24H.0JXT ¦P2D`H

Words to learn

23C ¦B"6@8@L2XT follow after (+ dative)"ÛJ`:"J@H -0 -@< of one's own accord, spontaneous¦>,JV.T [cf. ¦>XJ"F4H] examine, investigate, probe, scrutinize:4:X@:"4 imitate, mimic�N2@<\", -"H, º abundance [lit. freedom from envy]

D :4"D`H, -V, -`< vile, polluted, abominableBD`P,4D@H -@< ready at hand, easy, obvious6"JV*08@H -@< evident, obviousBD@FB@4X@:"4 pretend

E N48`J4:@P -@< ambitious>L<J,J"(:X<TH (adverb) in array, in set terms¦:B\:B80:4 fill@ÞH, éJ`H, J` ear�P2@:"4 be grieved, be angry [+ dative]

24A FP,*`< (adverb) nearly, almost, just about

Syntax and grammar

line(s)23C1 @ÍH: What case and why?3 �6@b@<J,H: What use of the participle?

¦>,J".@:X<T<: What case and why?8 "ÛJä<: What case and why?9 "ÛJ@ÃH: What case and why?23D

28

11 B@4ä< and *4*VF6T<: With what do these agree?13 *@6äF4<: What mood and why?14-16 What is the effect of Socrates' short quotes of the prejudicial remarks against him?17 ¦2X8@4,<: What mood and why?23E19 Ð<J,H: What use of participle?20 ¦:B,B8Z6"F4<: What tense and why?21 ìJ": What case and why?22 ¦BX2,J@: Parse.24A26 2"L:V.@4:4: What mood and why?

Ò:ä<: What case and why?27 ¦>,8XF2"4: Parse.

Ï8\(å: What case and why?28 (,(@<LÃ"<: Parse. With what does it agree?

ß:Ã<: What case and why?31 J@ÃH "ÛJ@ÃH: What case and why? To what does it refer?34 .0JZF0J,: What tense and mood? What type of condition?

,ßDZF,J,: What tense and mood?

Exercise. Write in Greek (review Ch. IX-X).

On account of his service to the god Socrates incurred the hatred of many. Suchslanders arose against him that these present accusers are attacking him since they areambitious and vehement. But he himself did not pretend to be wise in those things which herefuted in others. In addition to this, because the young men follow him and try to do thesame things which he does, they say that he corrupts the youth. But in fact they say suchthings in order not to seem ignorant.

29

Chapter XI, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Words for review

6"JZ(@D@H6"J0D@(XTÊ6"<`H (sufficient)�B@8@(\"N48`B@84H [patriotic, loving the city]�<JT:@F\" [III, 19B]�(T<BD@FB@4X@:"4

Words to learn

§(680:" -"J@H, J` charge, accusationP"D4,<J\.@:"4 jest, joke, make lightFB@L*Z -­H, º earnestnessFB@L*± in a serious matter; earnestlyFB@L*V.T be serious6Z*@:"4 be interested in/concerned for6"2\FJ0:4 place, appoint, bring into*:X8,4 it is a care to (+ dative)

Grammar and syntax

line(s)5 òFB,D ©JXDT< J@bJT< Ð<JT< 6"J0(`DT<: What case and why?6 8V$T:,<: What mood and why?7 ET6DVJ0: What case and why?9 <@:\.@<J": With what does it agree?11 ¦>,JVFT:,<: What mood and why?16 ô<: What case and why?

J@bJå: What case and why?17 Explain the use of §P,4 with adverb.

30

Chapter XII, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Words for review

B,D B@88@Ø B@4@Ø:"4 [consider of great importance]¦>-,LD\F6T ,ÆF-V(TÇ24 F4(VT§PT [+ infinitive--to be able]:X8,4 *46"FJZHB"4*,bT B`J,D@<...³�N2@<\" FN`*D" [adverb of FN@*D`H]JÎ ¦<"<J\@< ÊBB46`H [IV, 20B]>b<-,4:4 [,Æ:4--be] PDV@:"4.è@< ,Û*"4:@<\"¦B4-*,\6<L:4 @Û*,BfB@J,F"NZH -XH @Û N0:\*,ØD@

Words to learn

:0<bT give information, informéN,8XT to benefit�6D@"JZH hearer, member of the audience$@L8,LJZH member of the #@L8Z [council]¦6680F\" assembly¦6680F4"FJZH member of the ¦6680F\"6"J"(4(<fF6T condemn, think to (one's) disadvantage*LFJLP\" misfortuneND@<J\.T think about, consider�:X8,4" lack of concern

Grammar and syntaxline(s)4 :X8@< (X F@4: What construction?6 :Z<LF@<: Parse?15 $,8J\@LH: What case and why?18 éN,8@b<JT<: Which use of the participle?20 Note: Use of :Z in questions: Implies a negative answer [cf. Latin num]22 6�6,Ã<@4 is crasis for what?26 �B`6D4<"4: Parse.31 >L<äF4: What mood and why?

31

Chapter XIII, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Words for review@Æ6XT BDÎH )4`HPD0FJ`H B@<0D`H¦D(V.@:"4 ¦((bH--¦((LJVJT (superlative)$8VBJT 6,8,bT©6f< �6T<J@F@ØJ@H :�88@< ³�:"2\" »6T�(<@XT �:N`J,D@HR,b*@:"4 �:VDJ0:"Ç*4@H [Æ*\�: in private]>L(-(\(<@:"4N,b(T ¦2X8T*X@:"4 :V20F4H

Words to learn

J0846@ØJ@H -"bJ0 -@ØJ@< of such an ageJ0846`F*, -Z*,, -`<*, wretched, bad�6@bF4@H -@< unwilling, involuntary<@L2,JXT advise, admonish6`8"F4H -,TH, º punishmentì JV< my good man

Grammar and syntax

line(s)5 Ð<J"H: What case and why?6 >L<`<JT<: What case and why? Which use of the participle?7 �B@6D\<@L: Parse.11 ©6`<J": What case and why?13 J0846@bJ@L: What case and why? To whom does it refer?

J0846`F*,: What case and whey? To whom does it refer?14 §(<T6"H: What mood and tense? What construction?15 J@bH: What case and why? What does the article go with here?17 B@4ZFT: What mood and tense? What construction?25 :V2T: What mood and why? What construction?26 B"bF@:"4: What tense and mood; why?28 6@8VF,TH: What case and why?

32

Chapter XIV, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Words for review*­8@< :X8,4(D"(¬< (DVN,F2"4 6"4<`H�-2,@H »84@HF,8Z<0 8\2@H(DV::" $4$8\@<§>,FJ4 ¦<\@J,*D"P:Z ÏDPZFJD"6"J"-(,8VT BD@FB@4X@:"4�88TH �J@B@H�J,P<äH à$D4H"Ç<4(:" >L<-J\20:4*4"-B,4DV@:"4 P"D4,<J\.@:"4¦<"<J\@< B"\.T

Words to learn

B"DVB"< [adverb] altogether, entirelyB"<JVB"F4 [adverb] wholly, by all means¦(6"8XT bring a charge against, accuse of6"J"ND@<XT despise�B,4D@H -@< in experienced in, unused to(X:T be fullBD\":"4 buyÒBTFJ4@Ø< in any way whatever�B4FJ@H -@< incredibleß$D4FJZH -@Ø, Ò insolent man�6`8"FJ@H wanton�6@8"F\" wantonness<,`J0H -J0J@H, º youth, recklessness¦>"B"JVT deceive, mislead completely

Grammar and syntax

line(s)4 9,8ZJå: What case and why?

J@bJT<: What case and why?6 ¦(DVRT: Parse.

2,@bH: What case and why?<@:\.,4<: What is the subject of the infinitive? With what does it agree?

8 *4*VF6T<: Why nominative?10 BD`H: What is the force of the preposition?

F"NXFJ,D@<: What part of speech?12 ,Æ<"4: What is the subject of this infinitive?

:,: What case and why?13 "ÛJ`H: Which use of "ÛJ`H?14 J"bJ®: Used adverbially, in this way21-22 In the indirect statements, which are the subjects and which the predicate

33

nominatives?23-24 z!<">"(`D@L: What case and why?26 (X:,4: What is the subject?28 B@88@Ø... and *D"P:­H: What case and why?29 BD4":X<@4H: What case and why?

6"J"(,8�<: On what does the infinitive depend?36 à$D,4: What case and why?37 >L<J42X<J4: What case and why?42 B"\.@<J@H: What case and why?

Chapter XV, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Words for review>L<-,B4-F6XBJ@:"4:4:<ZF6T-:X:<0:"4 (perfect with present sense)2@DL$XT,ÇT2"JD`B@H�<2DfB,4@H -" -@< (human)*"4:`<4@< (diminutive of *"\:T<)�<"(6V.TB"8"4`H:`(4H (with difficulty, reluctantly)Ò:@8@(XTº(X@:"4"Æ<\JJ@:"4P"D4,<J\.@:"4BV84<<L:NZÒ:@\TH (similarly)�J@B@H�B@-B,4DV@:"4�B@DXT¦(6"8XT�*\60:"2,Ã@<@Û*,:\" (feminine of @Û*,\H)

Words to learn

B"D"4JX@:"4 beg of, entreat"Û80JXH -@Ø, Ò flute player"Û80J46`H -V -`< having to do with flutesÏ<\<0:4 (aorist ê<0F") benefit, oblige*4`:<L:4 swear solemnly�<J4(D"NZ affidavit, counter-plea³J@4 either indeed<`2@H -@L, Ò bastardÐ<@H -@L, º/Ò donkey

34

º:\@<@H -@L, Ò mule, demi-donkey»DTH, »DT@H, Ò hero:0P"<Z -­H, º machine, tool, way

Grammar and syntax

line(s)3 :X:<0F2,: What mood and why?4 ,ÆT2`J4: What tense? What case?6 <@:\.,4: What is the subject?7 �B@6D4<XF2T: What mood, tense, and person?

�B@6D\<T: Parse.15 J@LJT<\: What case and why?20 :,: What case and why?34 ¦(DVRT: What tense, voice, and person?35 ¦(6"8@ÃH: What mood and why?37 J@Ø "LJ@Ø: What case and why?36-40 On what does the clause beginning with ÓBTH depend?

35

Chapters XI-XV z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Exercises. Translate into Greek (review Ch. XI-XV).

"Come up here, Meletus, and answer me and tell these men how (doing what) do Icorrupt the young men."

"Socrates corrupts the young men and commits injustice by teaching others that thegods do not exist."

"The laws and those who know the laws teach the citizens and make them better, butSocrates alone makes them worse."

"It is sufficient evidence of what I say that Socrates cannot deny that he believes inother, strange divinities."

"According to the indictment which I wrote, Socrates teaches the youth to disobey thelaws of their elders."

"By the gods, Meletus, do you really care about the youth or did you bring me intocourt to mock (play games) and to deceive me and the jurors?"

"Of course I care about the young (and) how they will be improved, but these thingswhich you say are (the words) of a mocker. Why do you always talk about horses and flute-players? The fields-of-horsemanship [= the things concerned with horses] or of fluting andhuman affairs are not the same? You are (the one) contradicting yourself."

Chapter XVI, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Words for review§:BD@F2,< �BXP2,4"N2`<@H �<J-,ÉB@<ÐN,8@H F6@BXTN"Ø8@H º:\-2,@H6"J"ND@<XT BD@-2L:X@:"4N`<@H "ÛJ\6"©J@Ã:@H

Words to learn

¦B4JZ*,L:" -:"J@H, J` occupation¦B4J0*,bT be occupied with; practiceßB@8@(\.@:"4 take into accountßB@:X<T endure, submit toJ4:TDXT avenge; middle avenge oneself on [+ accusative of person]B`J:@H, -@L, Ò doomÏ84(TDXT think lightly of, despise [+ genitive]

36

6"J"(X8"FJ@H laughed to scorn; laughing-stock@â [adverb] whereJVJJT arrange; station; draw up

Grammar and syntax

line(s)3 �B@8@(\"H: What case and why?5 ÇFJ,: What mood?6 "ÊD±: What mood and why?11 ¦B4J0*,bF"H: What case and why? Why is the participle used here?

ÓJ@L: Parse.15 �<*D": What case and why?23 @ÞF": What gender and why?24 �B@6J,<,ÃH:: What tense?27 2"<VJ@L: What case and why?28 J4:TD,Ã<: Why is infinitive used here?29 ¦B42,\H: Parse.33 J">±, J"P2±: What mood and why?35 :X<@<J": What case and why?

37

Chapter XVII, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Words for review, 28E-29C

¦D(V.@:"4"ÊDXT [middle--choose]@âJVJJTßB@-8":$V<T¦>,JV.TÒFJ4F@Ø<JV>4H [cf. JVJJT]*46"FJZD4@<�-B,42XT*4"NXDTÊ6"<äH�N-40:4�-B4FJXT*4"-N,b(T¦B4J0*,bT

Words to learn

¦B@<,\*4FJ@H -@< [cf. Ð<,4*@H] shameful*4"JD\$T spend time, employ oneself

Grammar and syntax

line(s)1 ,Ç0< ,ÆD("F:X<@H: Parse. What mood and why?3 ,Ë8,F2,: Parse.6 J@Ø *¥ 2,@Ø JVJJ@<J@H: What construction?7 .­<: What is the subject of this infinitive? What participles agree with hat subject?8 N@$02,\H: What is the participle nominative?9 8\B@4:4: What mood and why? What type of condition is expressed in lines 1-9?

Give verbs of protasis and apodosis.10 J�<: Crasis for?12 �B,42ä<: What case and why?13-14 What is the subject of this sentence?14 Ð<J": What case and why?17 Ð<: What case and gender? What use of the participle?19 º (of º J@Ø @Ç,F2"4): To what does the article refer?20 J@bJå: What case and why?21 Jä< B@88ä< �<2DfBT<: What case and why?22 N"\0<: What mood and why? What is the apodosis of this condition?24 $,8J\@<4: What case and why?25 On what does ÓJ4 clause depend?27 JL(PV<,4: What is the subject?

38

29 Explain use of J¬< �DP0<.29-31 Explain uses of the 4 infinitives.33 *4"N2"DZF@<J"4: Parse.35 Note: ¦BÂ J@bJå: on this condition, on these terms

¦NzôJ,: on condition that + infinitive

Words for review, 29D-30B

�8\F6@:"4 [irregular 2nd aorist ©V8T<, �8-(aorist stem)]¦BÂ J@bJ@4H¦<-*,\6<L:4¦<-JL(PV<T [+ dative],ÇT2""ÆFPb<@:"4ñH + superlativeND@<J\.T,Û2bH�B-,4:4 [future sense of present of ,É:4 go]§D@:"4 [ask]6JV@:"4Ï<,4*\.T [future Ï<,4*4ä]B,DÂ___B@4,ÃF2"4N"Ø8@H�FJ`H¦((bH [comparative ¦((LJXDT (adverb)]BD`J,D@<FN`*D"Æ*\� 6"Â *0:@F\�B@88V64H

Words to learn

�FBV.@:"4 salute, have affection forªTFB,D as long as¦:B<XT breathe, have breathB"D"6,8,bT exhort [+ dative]¦B4:,8X@:"4 care for, look after, be concerned for [+ dative]�:N4F$0JXT argue, disputeßB0D,F\" service$8"$,D`H -Z -`< harmful [cf. $8VBJT]

Grammar and syntax

line(s)37 �8èH: Parse.

�B@2"<,Ã: What tense and why?38 �N\@4J,...,ÇB@4:4: What mood? What type of condition?40 Jè 2,è...ß:Ã<: What case and why?

39

41 ì: Parse.42 N48@F@Nä<: Which use of the participle?43 ÓJå: What case and why?44 B`8,TH...: Which use of the participle?46 PD0:VJT<: What case and why?

¦B4:,8@b:,<@H: Which use of the participle?49 ¦B4:,8,Ã: What person?50 N±: Parse.51 �NZFT: Parse.56 ÓFå: What case and why?61 ³: Meaning?67 ,Ç0: What mood and why? What number and why?70 ¦:@Ø...B@4ZF@<J@H: What construction? What tense of participle.

Exercises. Write in Greek (review XVI-XVII).

Socrates, aren't you ashamed to be doing such things? Do you really despise deathand danger? Would it not be a terrible and shameful thing if you, by thinking little of living,should abandon the post where the god has stationed you? For the god, as you yourself say,has commanded you to live as a philosopher (= philosophizing). If you should die now, whowill examine the citizens? Who will tell them that they do not care about their souls andwisdom and truth? If your service to the god were the greatest good in the city, you wouldnot be willing to leave it.Chapter XVIII, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Words for reviewJ@4@ØJ@HÆ*\�{D"*\THN,\*@:"4§J@H¦B4:,8X@:"42@DL$XT*X@:"4Ï<\<0:4 (future Ï<ZFT)$@VT (future $@ZF@:"4):0*":äH$8VBJT2,:4J`H (cf. 2X:4H)¦>-,8"b<T�J4:`TB@88@Ø *XT (I am far from + infinitive)¦>-":"DJV<T(,8@Ã@H (adjective--cf. (,8VT)BD@F-J\20:4Ï<,4*\.TB"<J"P@Ø (everywhere)BD@F-6"2\.T¦B4-BX:BT6Z*@:"4¦<2X<*, (from this)

40

�-:,8XT (cf. :X8,4, ¦B4:,8X@:"4)@Æ6,Ã@HBD`H-,4:4 (,É:4):4F2`H�<"4FPb<JTH (cf. "ÆFPb<@:"4)B,<\"

Words to learn

*`F4H -,TH, º gift (cf. *\*T:4)(,<<"Ã@H -" -@< noble<T2ZH -,H sluggish:bTR -TB@H, Ò/º gadfly (horsefly)<LFJV.T doze, be sleepy6"2,b*T sleep�<XPT (+ genitive) endureB"D"6,8,bT exhort (+ dative)BD`F6,4:"4 settle upon, attack:X(,2@H, -@LH, J` size, large size¦(,\DT rouse, wake upN,\*@:"4 (+ genitive) spare�P2@:"46D@bT knock, crush, swat*4"J,8XT continue�B@8"bT enjoy, derive gain from (+ genitive)�B"<"4FPL<JXT deny shamelessly, have the effrontery for6"J"R02\.@:"4 vote against

Syntax and Grammar

(Note: For a detailed explanation of the genitive with verbs, see Smyth 1339-1411 (pp. 320-332).)

line(s)2 Explain use of :Z with infinitive.4 �JJ": What case and why?6-8 What type of condition?9 *b<"4J@: What use of the optative?

P,\D@<@H: What case and why?10 �:,\<@<4: What case and why?17 ¦>":VDJ0J,: What tense? What mood and why?26 º:XD"<: What case and why?28 What type of condition?31 6"2,b*@<J,H: What use of the participle?32-33 What type of condition?33-35 On what does the ÓJ4 clause depend?35 §@46,: What is/are the subject(s)?

¦:X: What case and why?38 B"JXD": What case and why?39 �D,J­H: What case and why?

41

40-41 What type of condition?

Chapter XIX, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Words for review>L:-$@L8,bT B8­2@H�<"-$"\<T B@88"P@ئ6 B"4*`H�B@-JDXBT BD@-JDXBT�B`88L:4 [trans. destroy; intr. perish]éN,8XT �P2@:"4*4"-6T8bT [+ inf.] B"DV-<@:@H:"PX@:"4 Ff.T

Words to learn

B@8LBD"(:@<XT be a busy body, interfere, meddle¦B46T:å*XT treat in comic style, make fun¦<"<J4`@:"4 oppose (+ dative) (with infinitive oppose/keep from)(<0F\TH [adverb] genuinely, honestlyÆ*4TJXLT work in private*0:@F4,bT be in public lifeÆ*\� in private*0:@F\� in public@ÜB@J, go upJè Ð<J4 in fact, in reality

Grammar and syntax

line(s)1 *`>,4<: What mood and why?4 B`8,4: What case and why?5 8X(@<J@H: What case and why?9 (X<0J"4: What mood and why? What type of condition?12 ÇFJ,: Parse.13-15 What type of condition?14 �B@8f80: What tense?16 8X(@<J4: What case and why? What does it agree with?17 º:Ã<: What case and why? On what does it depend?20 :"P@b:,<@<: What case and why?

Chapter XX, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Words for review

42

J,6:ZD4@< B"DXPTJ4:VT >L:$"\<T�:" [see note] ¦Dä$@L8,bT [be a member of the $@L8Z]BDLJ"<,bT [hold the prytany]FJD"J0(`H �<-"4DXT [see note on special meaning]<"L-:"P\" B"D"<`:THBDbJ"<4H, -,TH, Ò ¦<"<J4`@:"4R0N\.@:"4 ªJ@4:@H¦<-*,\6<L:4 [impeach, indict]$@VT *4"-64<*L<,bTN@$X@:"4 *,F:`HÏ84("DP\" BD@H-JVJJT�<"-B\:B80:4 "ÆJ\"�<-`F4@H ¦D(V.@:"4ÆFPLD`H JXJJ"D,H6"J"8bT

Words to learnßB,\6T [aor. ßB,Ã>"àB,\6"2@<] yieldNL8Z phyle, tribe (one of the 10 political divisions of the Athenians)N@DJ46`H vulgar, commonplace*46"<46`H court-room style�2D`@H together, at onceJD4V6@<J" 30 [i.e., Tyrants]:,J"BX:B@:"4 send for, summon B,:BJ`H fifth2`8@H tholos (the seat of government of the Thirty)�(D@46@H, -@< boorish, rude, rustic@ÇP@:"4 go away, depart@Ç6"*, home [i.e., homewards]¦6B8ZJJT dismay, distract with fear

Grammar and syntax3 ,Æ*­J,: Parse. What mood and why?4 ©<\: Parse. What case and why?10 �<J8@:X<@LH: What case and why? With what does it agree?27 J@Ø: With what does it agree? What case and why?33-34 What type of condition?

43

Chapter XXI, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Words for reviewJ@F`F*,B, B8,\FJ@L B@4,ÃF2"4B@88@Ø *,Ã*4*VF6"8@H:"20JZH¦B4-2L:XTBX<0HßB-XPT

Words to learn

>L(PTDXT concede, yieldN2@<XT begrudge, envy, grudge

Grammar and syntax

1 J@FV*,: What gender and number? What case and why?1-4 What type of condition?5 Explain the presence of �<.7 N"<@Ø:"4: What tense?8 @Û*,<\: What case and why?12 Explain JV.14 Explain the two negatives.15-16 What type of condition?(NOTE: For a detailed explanation of verbs that take the dative, see Smyth ¶¶1460-1473; ofthe dative with compound verbs, ¶¶1544-1550 [pp. 338-341, 353].)

Chapter XXII, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Words for review*4"JD\$T ¦>,JV.TBD@FJVJJT :"<J,Ã@<:@ÃD" J4:TDXTBD@FZ6T< [as a noun: relative, kinsman]:4:<ZF6T [pf. mid., in pres. act., sense: :X:<0:"4 remember]¦<J"L2@Ã [here, hither] 6"J"-*X@:"4B"DXPT ¦B48"<2V<@:"4�-*4VN2"DJ@H $@02XTÏD2`H �802,bT

Words to learn

�0*ZH -XH unpleasant, disagreeable [cf. º*bH],ÛX8,(6J@H -@< easily proved¦<bB<4@< vision (in sleep), dreamº8464fJ0H -@L, Ò contemporary, peer

44

2,\" :@ÃD" divine will*0:`J0H -@L, Ò fellow demesmanB"D"PTDXT make way, stand aside

Grammar and syntax

2 *4"JD\$@<J,H: What use of the participle?4 ¦>,J".@:X<@4H; What case and why?7 B"<JÂ JD`Bå: What case and why?10 What number and why?27 6"J"*,02,\0: What mood and why?31 What is the meaning of §PT?32 J4<V: What case and why?34 B"D"FPXF2T: What person, tense, voice, and mood?43 �802,b@<J4: What case and why?

Exercises. Write in Greek. (Review Ch. XVIII-XXII)

Why does he keep asking us not to make a disturbance? If we kill him, we will beable to sleep for the rest of our lives without being roused by this great horsefly. What couldbe better than that? He says that he cares for us just like a father or older brother. Now he isbringing up poverty as a witness. He even has the gall to deny that he cares for his personalproperty. Let's swat him and go to sleep.

[18]What is he saying about the voice that comes to him to turn him away from whatever

he is about to do? He thinks that he would have died if he had gone into politics. [19] Thethirty sent for me, too. But whenever the city orders me to do anything whatsoever, I do it.

He is offering as witnesses his friends and contemporaries. Of course they do notwant to admit that their sons and brothers have been corrupted by some philosopher. Butreally even the older men, who listen to what Socrates says, are not uncorrupted.

45

Chapter XXIII, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Words for review,É,< FP,*`<JVP" �<":4:<ZF6T�(T< �(T<\.@:"4�<"-$4$V.T ¦<-<@XTÏD(Z R­N@HNbT �B@-R0N\.@:"4 [opp. of 6"J"-R0N\.@:"4]�J4:V.T J0846`F*,ÒFJ4F@Ø< ßB@8":$V<TBD@-6D\<T ¦B4JDXBTÒB®-@Ø<

Words to learn�("<"6JXT be annoyed [+ dative]Ê6,J,bT supplicate*V6DL@< tear [cf. lacrima] ¦8,XT pity¦8,,4<`H pitiable, pathetic"Û2V*0H -,H stubborn, stiff-necked¦B4,46ZH -XH good, well-suited, appropriate*DØH, *DL`H, º oak BXJD" -"H, º stone2"DD"8XTH [adverb] bravelyB,D4VBJT fasten around, bring upon

Grammar and syntax

4 ¦8VJJT: What gender and case? With what does it agree?J@LJ@L\: What case and why? To what does it refer?

11 FP@\0: What tense and mood? What verb? What part of speech is "Û2"*XFJ,D@<?28 J4<\: What case and why?29 Jä< B@88ä<: What case and why?30 F@N\�, �<*D,\�, �D,J±: What case and why?33 What is the use of ñH?34 B,\F,F2"4: What verb? What tense?

�2"<VJT< ¦F@:X<T<: What construction?35 �B@6J,\<0J,: What mood and why?37 ßB@8"$,Ã<: What mood and why?39 (L<"46ä<: What case and why?

@Û*X<: What case and why?

46

Chapter XXIV, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Words for review*`>" -0H, º*X@:"46V20:"4@Û*XJ,D@H,ÛF,$XT¦B4JDXBTÓB®

Words to learn

PTD\H apart from [+ genitive]6"J"P"D\.@:"4 give as a favorÐ:<L:4 [pf. Ï:f:@6"] swearP"D\.@:"4 to favor [+ dative]*46V.T give judgment¦2\.T accustom¦B4@D6XT commit perjury, break one's oath$4V.@:"4 do violence to, overpower

Grammar and syntax

2 *46"FJ@Ø: What case and why?*@6±: What mood and why?

8 *,`:,<@<: What case? What sense of participle?12 �F,$,\"H: What case and why?

N,b(@<J": What case and why?15 Explain the use of :Z.16 ¦:"LJ@Ø: What case and why?19 2,è: What case and why?20 ß:Ã<: What case and why?

Exercises. Write in Greek (review Ch. XXIII-XXIV)

He is not going to bring up his children and his wife to beg the jurors that we havepity. If he does not care about death, we will not show favor to him. For a man of his ageand a defendant on a charge of impiety he is arrogant. He is teaching us the purpose of thejuror.

47

Chapter XXV, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Words for review�("<"6JXT6"J"R0N\.@:"4>L:$V88T [contribute to]�<-X8B4FJ`HR­N@H�B@N,b(T�<"$"\<TP\84@4:,J"-8":$V<T:XD@H

Words to learn

©6VJ,D@H -" -@< each of two; pl. each set of two:,J"B\BJT change sides, fall differentlyÏN84F6V<T owe, be fined; lose

Syntax and grammar

2 :@L: What case and why?6 í`:0<: What tense and why?

�B,B,(,b(0: What tense?8 What type of condition?10-12 What type of condition?12 ìN8,: Parse.

Chapter XXVI, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Words for reviewºFLP\"< �(T�:,8XT@Æ6@<@:\"FJD"J0(\"¦B4,46ZH, -,HÐN,8@H¦B4P,4DXT¦B4:,8X@:"4BX<0HFP@8Z6"D"6X8,LF4HBDLJ"<,Ã@< [Prytaneum]<46VT

Words to learn

48

J4:VT [middle] propose a penalty; [+ genitive] of price/penalty;[active honor; fix a penalty]

�<J4J4:V@:"4 propose as a penalty in reply [+ genitive]�B@J\<T payÓ J4 :"2f< [J\ :"2f<] why; [what possessed you?]PD0:"J4F:`H money-making*0:0(@D\" public speaking>L<T:@F\" [cf. Ð:<L:4] conspiracy, clubFJVF4H faction, political party@Í whither, (to) whereBDXBT fit, suit; BDXB,4 [impers.] it is becoming/suitable,Û,D(,JXT to benefit; ,Û,D(,F\" benefit, good deed,Û,D(XJ0H do-gooder, benefactor [+ dative]F4JX@:"4 feed, maintainF\J0F4H maintenance>L<TD4H -4*@H, º a pair of horses.,Ø(@H -@LH, J` team of 4 horses

Syntax and grammar

2 J\<@H: What case and why?6 @Æ6@<@:\"H: What case and why?

¦B4:,802,\0: What mood and why? (Smyth 2432)15 ©"LJ@Ø: What case and why?16 §F@4J@: What tense and mood?

Explain meaning of Jä<.18 Explain case of ê<.21 BDXB@4: What mood and why?26 >L<TD\*4: What case and why?30 F4JZF,TH: What case and why?

49

Chapter XXVII, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Words for review�B-"L2"*\.@:"4 �B@8bTJ4:V@:"4 *,F:`H*,F:TJZD4@< *@L8,bT6"2-ÆFJ0:4 [appoint] ª<*,6" [see note]¦6-J\<T ÒB`2,<�-8@(@H 8@(\.@:"4$"DbH ¦B\-N2@<@HJ0846`F*, ¦>-,8"b<TÓB@4 �B,8"b<T

Words to learn

B"D"B80F\TH much the same as�<J4$`80F4H entreaty, begging�B"88VJJT set free; passive be rid of; middle depart�6D@V@:"4 listen to@É6J@H lamentationN48@RLP\" love of live; cowardice�:,\$T change; middle move (from one place to another)

Syntax and grammar

7-9 What type of condition?12 �*46ZF,4<: What tense and why?14 @â: What case and why?16 §PT:"4: What mood and why?19 PD0:VJT<: What case and why?20 ¦6J\FT: What mood and why?21 :@4: What case and why?26 ¦<,(6,Ã<: Parse.28 "ÛJä<: What case and why?30 ¦>,82`<J4: What case and why?32 §82T: What mood and why?34 ¦>,8äF4: Parse.

50

Chapter XXVIII, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Words for reviewF4(VT �B,42XT¦>,JV.T �<-,.XJ"FJ@H¦2\.T $8VBJT:<� �.4`PD,TH -T<

Words to learn

,ÆDT<,b@:"4 take ironically [,ÆDT<,,\" irony] feign ignorance$4TJ`H -`< worth living [lit. to be lived]¦((L0JZH -@Ø, Ò one who goes bail, surety, security¦((LVT [active] to give as a pledge¦((LV@:"4 [middle] to stand surety, go bail [+ dative]

Grammar and syntax6 ,ÆDT<,L@:X<å: What case and why?7 Ð<: Parse. On what does it depend?8 ©6VFJ0H º:XD"P: What case and why?9 Jä< �88T<: On what does it depend [for case]?14-15 What type of condition?15 :@4: What case and why?18 J@F@bJ@L: What case and why?24 �>4`PD,å: What case and why?

Memorize: Ò *¥ �<,>XJ"FJ@H $\@H @Û $4TJÎH �<2DfBå.

Exercises. Answer in Greek (review Ch. XXV-XXVIII).

1. *4� J\ ET6DVJ0H @Û6 �("<"J,Ã ¦BÂ J@bJå Jè (,(@<`J4;

2. J\ >L<,$X$Z6,4< �<, ,Æ JD4V6@<J" Jä RZNT< :,JXB,F@<;

3. J\ ÏN84F6V<,4 Ò 6"JZ(@D@H @Û :,J"8"$ã< J\BX:BJ@< :XD@H Jä< RZNT<;

4. J\<@H J4:�J"4 Jè N,b(@<J4 Ò *4f6T<;

5. J\<T< @Ê B@88@Â ¦B4:,8@Ø<J"4;

6. J\<" *¥ ,Û,D(,F\"< ,Û,D(,J,Ã Ò ET6DVJ0H;

7. J\<4 ET6DVJ0H *4"NXD,4 J@Ø <46ZF"<J@H J@Ø zS8L:B\"F4<;

8. *4� J\ ET6DVJ0H @Û6 �>4`H ¦FJ4 J@L 6"6@Ø;

9. *4� J\ PD0:VJT< @Û J4:�J"4;

10. J\ ET6DVJ0H F4(�0 6"Â ºFLP\"< �(,4< @ÛP @Í`H Jz ¦FJ\;

51

Chapter XXIX, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Words for reviewª<,6""ÆJ\"Ï<,4*\.TB,D4-:X<T"ÛJ`:"J@H6"J"R0N\.@:"4�B@D\" [cf. �B@D@H, �B@DXT]�8\F6@:"4J`8:0 [cf. J@80VT]�<"4FPL<J\"º*bH�<-V>4@H�<-,8,b2,D@H"ÊDXT, "ÊDX@:"4:0P"<V@:"4Ê6,J\"JDXBT2�JJT< [comp. of ________________]�J, [with ptcpl.]$D"*bHBD,F$bJ0HÏ>bHÏN84F6V<TJ\:0:"¦:-:X<T

Words to learn

8@4*@DXT abuse, bad-mouthB`DDT far, far advance in2D0<XT lamentÏ*bD@:"4 weep:,J":X8,4 [impers.] + dative it repents; ¦:@4 :,J":X8,4 I repentÓB8@<, -@L, J` implement; pl. arms

Grammar and Syntax

line(s)5-6 What type of condition?7 2"<VJ@L: What case and why?9 ¦:@Ø: What case and why?11 :,: What case and why?12 ©"8T6X<"4: Parse.13 �B@NL(,Ã<: Explain use of infinitive.14 �B@D\�: What case and why?17 2D0<@ØJ@H: What case and why?22 �B@8@(0F":X<å: What case and why?

52

24 @Û*X<": What case and why?28 �N,\H: Parse.30 J@8:�: What mood and why?33 2"<VJ@L: What case and why?40 FP,Ã<: Parse.

Chapter XXX, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Words for review

¦B42L:XTJ4:TD\"»6T,Û2bH¦D(V.@:"4�B"88VJJT§8,(P@H -@L, Ò [cf. ¦8X(PT]�B@$"\<T*4"<@X@:"46"J-XPT"ÆF2V<@:"4�("<"6JXT:"<J,b@:"4 [cf. :V<J4H, 6.J.8.]

Words to learn

PD0F:å*XT to prophesy¦BXPT hold back, restrain6@8@bT cut short, suppressB"D"F6,LV.T prepare

Grammar and syntax

line(s)4 :X88TF4<: What mood and why?9 B8,\@LH: Parse. What case and why?12 ÓFå: What case and why?13 ¦B4FPZF,4<: Parse. What tense and why? What is the subject?

53

Chapter XXXI, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Words for review

�B@R0N\.@:"4�-FP@8\" [cf. FP@8Z]6T8bT§>,FJ4(<)>L:$"\<T<@XT*46"FJZH6"8XT,ÇT2"¦<"<J4`@:"4B@88"P@Ø:,J">b@Û*":@ØßB@-8":$V<Tº<\6" [when]

Words to learn

*4":L2@8@(X@:"4 tell storiesBL6<`H close set, frequentªT2,< at dawn@Ç6@2,< from home

Grammar and syntax

line(s)4 ¦82`<J": What case and why?5 J@F@ØJ@< PD`<@<: What case and why?7 @ÞF4<: What form? What case and why?

>L:$,$06`H: Parse. What use of participle?9 6"8ä<: Parse. With what does it agree?11-13 What type of condition?25-27 What type of condition?

54

Chapter XXXII, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Words for review

¦<<@XT¦8B\H:,J"$@8Z:,J-@\60F4H"ÇF20F4H6"2,b*TÐ<"D6XD*@HF6XBJ@:"4B`F@HÆ*4fJ0H,Û-"D\2:0J@HNVF6T*46V.Tº:\-2,@HN"Ø8@H*4"JD4$Z6"Â *¬ 6"\¦D,b<T:bD4@H,Û*"\:T<

Words to learn

¦68X(T pick out, choose out6"J"*"D2V<T be asleep�<J4B"D"J\20:4 compare, set against�B@*0:XT go abroad�B@*0:\" trip abroad�<J4B"D"$V88T put side by side, compare�:ZP"<@H -@< impracticable

55

Grammar and syntax

line(s)1 ¦<<@ZFT:,<: What mood and why?2 *L@Ã<: Parse.6 J@Ø J`B@L: What case and why?11 :0*X: Explain use of :Z-negative.16 Explain use of �<.24 ~!4*@L. Explain case.36 �<J4B"D"$V88@<J4: What case and why?37 J@bH: What case and why? What does it go with?

¦>,JV.@<J": What case and why?41 �("(`<J": Parse. What case and why?43 ,ÇB@4: What mood and why?46 J� �88": What case and why?47 JÎ< 8@4BÎ< PD`<@<: What case and why?49 ¦FJ\<: What is the subject?

56

Chapter XXXIII, z!B@8@(\" ET6DVJ@LH

Words for review,Ü-,8B4H *4"<@X@:"4J,8,LJVT �:,8XT�B@JDXBT :X:N@:"4J4:TDXT ¦B4:,8X@:"4òD" [¦FJÂ] + infinitive�B-,4:4

Words to learn

P"8,B"\<T be angry/peevedº$VT grow up, come of age8LBXT grieve, pain, harass

Grammar and syntax

5 J� BDV(:"J": What case and why?9 6"J"R0N4F":X<@4H: What case and why?14 J4:TDZF"F2,: What tense and mood?

J"LJ� J"ØJ": Translate.16 J@L: Parse. What case and why?18 ß:Ã<: What case and why?20 *\6"4": What case and why?

B,B@<2ãH §F@:"4: What tense and why?21 �B4X<"4: What use of the infinitive?22 $4TF@:X<@4H: What case and why?

�B@2"<@L:X<å: What tense and why?24 2,è: What case and why?

Exercises. Write in Greek (review Ch. XXIX-XXXIII).

It is time for us to go away to live in peace and be rid of this busy-body. Let himexamine and refute the people in Hades. We at least can worry about ourselves and ourmoney. We will not listen to him since he does not call us judges.

We voted for acquittal, but we do not believe that anything good has happened. It wasbetter for Socrates to live and to torment the many who think that they are something, but arenothing.