Apocynaceae Notes
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Apocynaceae 250 Genera and 2000 species Habitat / Distribution: Tropics and subtropics regions of the globe. Habit: Herbs, shrubs and woody climbers. Stem: Woody climber, erect, herbaceous. Leaves: Simple, opposite. Roots: Tap root and branched. Inflorescence: Cymose. Flower: Hermaphrodite, Actinomorphic, Hypogynous, Pedicellate. Calyx: 5 sepals, Gamosepalous, persistent. Corolla: 5 petals, Gamopetalous Androecium: 4-5 free, epipetalous Gynoecium : Bicarpellary, syncarpous, superior ovary. Placentation: Axile. Fruit: Capsule (It is a type of simple, dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. A capsule is a dehiscent structure composed of two or more carpels, that, at maturity, split apart (dehisce) to release the seeds within) or berry (It is a simple fruit produced from a single ovary, such as a grape or a tomato. The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp) Seed: Endospermic
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Transcript of Apocynaceae Notes
Apocynaceae250 Genera and 2000 speciesHabitat / Distribution:Tropics and subtropics regions of the globe.Habit:Herbs, shrubs and woody climbers.Stem:Woody climber, erect, herbaceous.Leaves:Simple, opposite.Roots:Tap root and branched.Inflorescence:Cymose.Flower:Hermaphrodite, Actinomorphic, Hypogynous, Pedicellate.Calyx: 5 sepals, Gamosepalous, persistent.Corolla:5 petals, GamopetalousAndroecium: 4-5 free, epipetalousGynoecium :Bicarpellary, syncarpous, superior ovary.Placentation:Axile.Fruit:Capsule (It is a type of simple, dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. A capsule is a dehiscent structure composed of two or more carpels, that, at maturity, split apart (dehisce) to release the seeds within) or berry (It is a simple fruit produced from a single ovary, such as a grape or a tomato. The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp)Seed:Endospermic Floral Formula:
Representative Plants
1. Rauwolfia : ( Chota chand )Biological Origin: Rauwolfia serpentinaFamily: ApocynaceaePart Used: Dried rhizome, rootsDistribution / Habitat: India, Pakistan, Burna, Thailand, Java.
Constituents: At least 30 alkaloids are present, the chief therapeutically active alkaloids are Reserpine and Rescinnamine. Others include Ajmaline (rauwolfine), ajmalinine, ajmalicine, serpentine, serpentinine. Other substances include phytosterols, fatty acids, unsaturated alcohols and sugars.Uses: It (Reserpine) is used in the treatment of essential hypertension and certain neuro-psychiatric disorders.Ajmaline is used in to treat the cardiac arrhythmias.** (such alkaloids should be used with caution as they may promote breast cancer from previously initiated cells).
2. Catharanthus : Madagascar Periwinkle ( Sada Bahar )Biological Origin: Catharanthus roseusFamily: ApocynaceaePart Used: Dried whole plant.Distribution / Habitat: It is native and endemic to Madagascar but now cultivated in other parts of the world.Constituents: Alkaloids i.e. Vinblastine, Vincristine are present. Uses: They are used as
In chemotherapy as an anti-cancer. To treat Hodhkin’s Lymphoma. To treat leukemia.
