Apeman and Atomic Theory
-
Upload
sandra-goodrich -
Category
Technology
-
view
11.057 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Apeman and Atomic Theory
![Page 1: Apeman and Atomic Theory](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052823/55503fe8b4c90580748b4990/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Atoms, Electrons &
Energy LevelsElectrons are the bonds that
hold the world together!
![Page 2: Apeman and Atomic Theory](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052823/55503fe8b4c90580748b4990/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What’s in an Atom?
rotons
lectrons
eutrons
Nucleus
in surrounding cloud
![Page 3: Apeman and Atomic Theory](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052823/55503fe8b4c90580748b4990/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
rotons
lectrons
tomic Number
eutrons
CCarbon
6
12
tomic number
ass number
= No. of
= No. of
= No. of
-
From the Periodic Table …
http://us.bestgraph.com/gifs/singes-5.html
![Page 4: Apeman and Atomic Theory](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052823/55503fe8b4c90580748b4990/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Electron Cloud?Energy
Level(Principal Quantum Number)
Electron Capacit
y
1 2
2 8
3 18
4 32
5 50
6 72http://store.odulo.com/Item.asp?id=220
HHydrogen
1
1
http://www.fg-a.com/clipart_science_2.shtml
HeHelium
2
4
![Page 5: Apeman and Atomic Theory](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052823/55503fe8b4c90580748b4990/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The periodic table is the most important tool in the
chemist’s toolbox!
![Page 6: Apeman and Atomic Theory](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052823/55503fe8b4c90580748b4990/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Periodic Table Navigation
![Page 7: Apeman and Atomic Theory](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052823/55503fe8b4c90580748b4990/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Periodic Law: When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic pattern in their physical and
chemical properties.
![Page 8: Apeman and Atomic Theory](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052823/55503fe8b4c90580748b4990/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The horizontal rows of the periodic table are called PERIODS.
![Page 9: Apeman and Atomic Theory](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052823/55503fe8b4c90580748b4990/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Each new period (row) represents an energy
level added.
![Page 10: Apeman and Atomic Theory](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052823/55503fe8b4c90580748b4990/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The vertical columns of the periodic table are called GROUPS, or
FAMILIES.
The elements in any group of the periodic
table have similar physical and chemical
properties!
![Page 11: Apeman and Atomic Theory](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052823/55503fe8b4c90580748b4990/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The GROUP provides information about the number of valence
electrons.
1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
![Page 12: Apeman and Atomic Theory](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052823/55503fe8b4c90580748b4990/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
This Bohr diagram illustrates energy levels and electrons for Phosphorous
![Page 13: Apeman and Atomic Theory](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052823/55503fe8b4c90580748b4990/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Understand: • Bohr diagram• Energy level• Valence electron• Electron cloud• Atomic Mass• Atomic number• Periodic trend
http://www.pbs.org/hollywoodpresents/copenhagen/story/bohr.html
![Page 14: Apeman and Atomic Theory](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052823/55503fe8b4c90580748b4990/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Alkali Metals
• 1 electron in outer energy shell• React with water to release H2 gas
• The most reactive metals
![Page 15: Apeman and Atomic Theory](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052823/55503fe8b4c90580748b4990/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Alkaline Earth Metals
• 2 electrons in outer energy shell
![Page 16: Apeman and Atomic Theory](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052823/55503fe8b4c90580748b4990/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Transition Metals
• Generally 2 electrons in outer energy level• Commonly have more than one oxidation number
• Form compounds that are brightly colored
![Page 17: Apeman and Atomic Theory](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052823/55503fe8b4c90580748b4990/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Rare Earth Metals• 2 electrons in outer energy level• Primary oxidation number is +3
• Lanthanide series: soft, malleable metals with high lustre and conductivity
• Actinoid series: All radioactive; most human-made
![Page 18: Apeman and Atomic Theory](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052823/55503fe8b4c90580748b4990/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Metalloids
• Elements with properties of both metals and nonmetals
• Elements touching the stairstep
![Page 19: Apeman and Atomic Theory](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052823/55503fe8b4c90580748b4990/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Halogens
• 7 electrons in their outer energy level• Easily combine with metals to form salts
• Most reactive of all nonmetals
![Page 20: Apeman and Atomic Theory](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052823/55503fe8b4c90580748b4990/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Noble Gases
• Full outer energy level• Almost completely inactive (“inert”)
• All are colorless gases• Argon is the most abundant, making up almost
1% of air
![Page 21: Apeman and Atomic Theory](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052823/55503fe8b4c90580748b4990/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Atomic radius decreases Metallic properties decrease A
tom
ic radiu
s incre
ase
s
Meta
llic pro
pertie
s incre
ase
![Page 22: Apeman and Atomic Theory](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052823/55503fe8b4c90580748b4990/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The following periodic trends are embedded
within the periodic table:Atomic size (radius),Ionic size (radius),Ionization energy,Electronegativity.
![Page 23: Apeman and Atomic Theory](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052823/55503fe8b4c90580748b4990/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Got it?
![Page 24: Apeman and Atomic Theory](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052823/55503fe8b4c90580748b4990/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Electron Negatively charged fundamental particle
Proton Positively charged fundamental particle
Neutron Uncharged fundamental particle
Nucleus Small, central unit in the atom that contains
neutrons and protons
Vocabulary