APEC Low-Carbon Model Town Project Development in China

APEC Low-Carbon Model Town Project Development in China

Sun Yang Department of International Cooperation National Energy Administration, China

Content

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With rapid urban development and population growth , towns and cities become the key areas of energy consumption and carbon emission in China

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Chinese Government Takes Active Measures for Climate Changes

China is the first developing country to formulate and implement the National Plan for Climate Changes and is the country implementing the strongest measures of energy saving and emission reduction, with the fastest growing new energy sources and renewable energy sources.

From 1990 to 2005, the unit GDP carbon dioxide emission was reduced by 46%, percentage of non-fossil energy sources in the energy consumption grew from 5.1% to 6.8%; in 2005 – 2020, China’s unit GDP carbon emission will further reduce by 40 – 45%, while percentage of non-fossil energy sources will reach 15%.

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China Attaches Great Importance on Low Carbon Development —A Key Strategy to Tackle Climate Change

Since 2005, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has formulated a series of policy measures to promote public transport and low-carbon constructions in town.

In 2010, the NDRC formally put forward the initiative of experimental demonstration projects of low-carbon urban development in “five provinces and eight municipalities”

Above policies received active and extensive support from the local governments. Low-carbon urban development has become an important principle and milestone in the new round of urban development in China

Since 2005, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has formulated a series of policy measures to promote public transport and low-carbon constructions in town.

In 2010, the NDRC formally put forward the initiative of experimental demonstration projects of low-carbon urban development in “five provinces and eight municipalities”

Above policies received active and extensive support from the local governments. Low-carbon urban development has become an important principle and milestone in the new round of urban development in China

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Policy measures of the State Council and NDRC of China to promote low-carbon urban development

July 2010: NDRC issued the Notice on the Initiation of Experimental Works of Low-Carbon Provinces and Low-Carbon Cities, setting out the experimental works of low-carbon provinces and cities in “five provinces and eight municipalities”

December 2010: State Council issued the Notice on the Issuance of National Plan of Main Functional Areas, proposing “the development of low-carbon cities and reducing the intensity of warm house gas emission”

March 2011: State Council issued the Opinions on Implementation of Division and Specialization of Key Departments in the Government Work Report, proposing to “advocate the experimental works of low-carbon cities”

Policy measures of the State Council and NDRC of China to promote low-carbon urban development

July 2010: NDRC issued the Notice on the Initiation of Experimental Works of Low-Carbon Provinces and Low-Carbon Cities, setting out the experimental works of low-carbon provinces and cities in “five provinces and eight municipalities”

December 2010: State Council issued the Notice on the Issuance of National Plan of Main Functional Areas, proposing “the development of low-carbon cities and reducing the intensity of warm house gas emission”

March 2011: State Council issued the Opinions on Implementation of Division and Specialization of Key Departments in the Government Work Report, proposing to “advocate the experimental works of low-carbon cities”

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Content

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Concept of Low-Carbon Development in China: Sustainable Development

– Concepts of “eco town” and “energy saving town” emerged during the urbanization in China are similar to the concept of “low-carbon town ” which is based on the fundamental principle of sustainable development, with the sustainable urban development as the fundamental objective, but with a focus on the energy supply and demand and environmental impact of urban systems.

– Without the fundamental objective of sustainable urban development, pursuit for low-carbon emission in a singular process may even lead to higher carbon emission of the entire urban system in its lifecycle. In other words, low-carbon urban development in China not only aims for reduction of carbon emission, but also the multiple benefits of sustainable development including economic development, enhancement of living standards, environmental protection and resource saving etc. at the same time.

– Concepts of “eco town” and “energy saving town” emerged during the urbanization in China are similar to the concept of “low-carbon town ” which is based on the fundamental principle of sustainable development, with the sustainable urban development as the fundamental objective, but with a focus on the energy supply and demand and environmental impact of urban systems.

– Without the fundamental objective of sustainable urban development, pursuit for low-carbon emission in a singular process may even lead to higher carbon emission of the entire urban system in its lifecycle. In other words, low-carbon urban development in China not only aims for reduction of carbon emission, but also the multiple benefits of sustainable development including economic development, enhancement of living standards, environmental protection and resource saving etc. at the same time.

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Concept of Low Carbon Town in China: Sustainable Development

Relationship between low-carbon town and sustainable town , energy saving and ecological town

Energy Saving town

Low Carbon Town

Sustainable Town

Eco city

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• Low-carbon urban development in China is placed in the basic framework of sustainable development, emphasizing on all levels of town including production, living, transport and social, resource and sustainable development environment to achieve low carbon emission

– Production dimension: sustainable, low-carbon economies, sustainable and low-carbon transport

– Living dimension: sound housing and living environment, low-carbon buildings and facilities

– Social dimension: public involvement, social justice, cultural and wisdom heritage, low-carbon values and lifestyles

– Natural resource dimension: compact and high efficiency land utilization, minimized resource consumption

– Ecological environment dimension: minimum pollution and waste emission, sustainable ecological system

• Low-carbon urban development in China is placed in the basic framework of sustainable development, emphasizing on all levels of town including production, living, transport and social, resource and sustainable development environment to achieve low carbon emission

– Production dimension: sustainable, low-carbon economies, sustainable and low-carbon transport

– Living dimension: sound housing and living environment, low-carbon buildings and facilities

– Social dimension: public involvement, social justice, cultural and wisdom heritage, low-carbon values and lifestyles

– Natural resource dimension: compact and high efficiency land utilization, minimized resource consumption

– Ecological environment dimension: minimum pollution and waste emission, sustainable ecological system

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Concept of Low Carbon Town in China: Sustainable Development

Six Major Approaches to Achieve the Low Carbon Development – Industry, Deployment, Energy, Building, Transport and Renewable

1. Low-carbon industry: low-carbon production methods, industrial structure, carbon emission performance etc.

2. Low-carbon spacial deployment: optimized spatial structures, priority to public transport etc.

3. Low-carbon energy sources: energy structure and supply-demand efficiency 4. Low-carbon buildings: building energy saving technologies and operations management 5. Low-carbon transport: promotion of low-carbon travelling, development of public transport,

improvement of fuel economy, development of new-energy source automobiles 6. Renewable resources: use of depleted facilities and recycling of waste resources

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Content

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We have conducted survey on low carbon practices in China, collected 77 cases with different characteristics

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Low-Carbon Industry Layout

• Shijingshan District, Beijing– The Shougang Group moved out and

only left the headquarter and research and development departments behind

– Great efforts in developing cultural, creative, high-tech, commercial services, modern financial, tourism and leisure among other low-carbon industries

Datong – transformation of resource city Anshan – energy saving and emission reduction of

Angang Group Jilin – transformation of the old industrial bases

in the northeast China

Trial run of EMU manufactured in JilinTrends in percentage of the service sector in Shijingshan District

Newly built high efficiency steel factory (left) and processing line (right) of the Angang Group

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Low-Carbon Spacial Plan

• Tianjin Zhongxin Eco City: urban planning, urban industry and overall planning of transport systems

Zhongxin Tianjin Eco City Spacial Plan (left) and Industrial Plan (right)

Zhongxin Tianjin Eco City Public Transport System (left) and Slow Transport System (right)

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• The first low-carbon town demo project of APEC – Tianjin Yujiabao Financial District – Invested large amount of human and material resources to develop the low-carbon

development plan to enhance spatial utilization, optimize functional and energy deployment, and improve energy utilization efficiency and reduce transport energy consumption

Long-term plan of Yujiabao – green eco construction

Underground railway transport system plan of Yujiabao

“Builders’ Home” for the construction workers to avoid repeat construction of temporary housing

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Low-Carbon Energy : State Policies and Technical Development

Law of Renewable Energy Sources, Notice on the Subsidies for Renewable Energy Power Charges and Rationed Exchanges in 2006, Notice on Accelerating Suspension of Small Thermal Power Units and Law on Energy Saving

China has initiated the first IGCC demo project (green coal fired power project in Tianjin), full-scale CCS demo project (direct liquidation project and saline aquifer sequestration project in Nei Mongol) and demo project of intellectual grid (Zhongxin Tianjin Eco City)

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Low-Carbon Energy: State Policies and Technical Development

Wind power, nuclear power, supercritical coal fire and ultra-supercritical coal fired power units in China rank number one in term of production capacity in the world. Production of solar cells takes up over 50% of the world total. Installed capacities of wind power generators, capacity and ownership of solar heaters all rank number one in the world.

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De Zhou in Shang Dong Province has been selected as a pilot project of “New Energy City” in China. They are exploring the potential of scaling up the deployment of rooftop solar heater, power generation system and roadside solar lamps.

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• Hami, Xinjiang: construction of wind power and solar power generation bases

Wind and solar power generation base under construction in Hami, Sinkiang Province

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Low-Carbon Buildings: Policies

• 2005: Design Standards for Energy Saving of Public Buildings

• 2006: Design Standards for Green Buildings

• 2007: Standards of Quality Testing Acceptance of Energy Saving Construction Projects, Work Plan for Overall Energy Saving and Emission Reduction

• 2008: Regulations on Energy Saving of Civilian Buildings and Regulations of Energy Saving in Public Institutions

• 2011: The Twelfth Five-Yearly Plan in Construction Industry, proposing that “project design of new buildings shall be 100% consistent with energy saving standards of buildings of the state, and construction of new projects shall comply with requirements on energy saving of building stipulated by the state”.

• 2005: Design Standards for Energy Saving of Public Buildings

• 2006: Design Standards for Green Buildings

• 2007: Standards of Quality Testing Acceptance of Energy Saving Construction Projects, Work Plan for Overall Energy Saving and Emission Reduction

• 2008: Regulations on Energy Saving of Civilian Buildings and Regulations of Energy Saving in Public Institutions

• 2011: The Twelfth Five-Yearly Plan in Construction Industry, proposing that “project design of new buildings shall be 100% consistent with energy saving standards of buildings of the state, and construction of new projects shall comply with requirements on energy saving of building stipulated by the state”.

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Low-Carbon Building: Practices• Hongqiao District in Changning, Shanghai: online monitoring platform of building

energy efficiency• Tsinghua University in Beijing: energy saving building – overall demonstration of

energy saving technologies • Zhuhai: Regulations and demonstration project guidance for energy saving buildings

Interface of existing building energy consumption monitoring system in Changning

Vacuum glass (left) and smart shutter cover device (right) of energy saving building in Tsinghua

Solar water heating system (left) and ground source heat pump system (right) in buildings in Zhuhai

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Low-Carbon Transport: Policies

• Public Transport– 2005: Opinions on Prioritized Development of Urban Public Transport

– 2006: Opinions on Several Economic Policies on Prioritized Development of Urban Public Transport

– 2010: Regulations on Urban Public Transport (Exposure Draft)

• Fuel Economy:– 2004: Standard Limitations on Fuel Consumption of Passenger Vehicles

– 2007: Limitations on Fuel Consumption of Light Commercial Vehicles

– 2009: Methods and Indicators of Appraisal on Fuel Consumption of Passenger Vehicles

– 2010: Special initiative of low-carbon transport and transportation participated by a thousand enterprises of automobile, vessels, roads and ports

• New Energy Vehicles– Initiated the demonstration and promotion project of new energy source automobiles

with “a thousand cars in ten cities” since 2009. 25 cities already took part in the project.

• Public Transport– 2005: Opinions on Prioritized Development of Urban Public Transport

– 2006: Opinions on Several Economic Policies on Prioritized Development of Urban Public Transport

– 2010: Regulations on Urban Public Transport (Exposure Draft)

• Fuel Economy:– 2004: Standard Limitations on Fuel Consumption of Passenger Vehicles

– 2007: Limitations on Fuel Consumption of Light Commercial Vehicles

– 2009: Methods and Indicators of Appraisal on Fuel Consumption of Passenger Vehicles

– 2010: Special initiative of low-carbon transport and transportation participated by a thousand enterprises of automobile, vessels, roads and ports

• New Energy Vehicles– Initiated the demonstration and promotion project of new energy source automobiles

with “a thousand cars in ten cities” since 2009. 25 cities already took part in the project.

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Low-Carbon Transport: Practices

• Xi’an– “Car-less Day” and “Walk

with a Thousand People” events

– Promotion of bicycle travelling and walking

• Hangzhou– Free public bicycle service

system (swipe card), special bicycle control vehicle

– Over 50,000 bicycles and 2,050 bicycle stations, daily use of 250,000

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• Dalian: low-carbon public transport system • Shenzhen: Electrical automobiles

Electrical car charging station in Shenzhen

Express bus lane (left) and hybrid power bus (right) in Dalian

Light rail trains (left) and metropolitan railway map (right) in Dalian25

Low-Carbon Transport: Practices

Recycle• 2008: Law on Advocating the Recycle Economy

• Shanghai: public service platform for recycle of renewable resources – Providing users with free “environmental protection cards” and barcodes. Users can stick the

barcodes to electronic wastes and leave them in the nearest recycle boxes. Once the recycle box is full, automatic alarm is sent to the recycle platform. Recycle platform converts the wastes according to the barcodes and types of waste into points to be paid into the corresponding account of the card.

Real-time monitoring map of alarms 26

Wuhan, Hubei Province: reuse of heavy industry wastes Coal gas from steel factory is supplied to chemical plants and

thermal heating plants and slag is used as construction materials. Thermal power plant ashes are used in construction or road

building, desulfurized by-products used to produce commercial grade gypsum and denitrification byproducts are used for production of urea and ammonia

Bricks (right) made of slag (left)27

Content

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International Cooperation

• Exploring the Potential– Multilateral cooperation among governments (APEC): bilateral cooperation between

governments (Singapore, U.K., Sweden) – Comprehensive cooperation on building low-carbon towns: Tianjin Yujiabao Financial

District – international cooperation covers low carbon appraisal and performance target systems, transport system, underground planning, regional energy supply, energy saving buildings, heat island effect analysis, energy efficiency management and low-carbon construction etc.

• Improving the Mechanism – APEC low-carbon urban development demonstration: initiation of demo project,

establishment of expert team, discussion on the summit meeting and low-carbon urban development demonstration forum etc.

• Introduction of Advanced International Concept– Design teams from multiple countries provided planning and design for the

Yujiabao financial district of Tianjin – Low Carbon Development Plan of Jilin, an outcome of the Study on low-carbon

economic methodologies and low-carbon economic regional development cases is officially published

• Exploring the Potential– Multilateral cooperation among governments (APEC): bilateral cooperation between

governments (Singapore, U.K., Sweden) – Comprehensive cooperation on building low-carbon towns: Tianjin Yujiabao Financial

District – international cooperation covers low carbon appraisal and performance target systems, transport system, underground planning, regional energy supply, energy saving buildings, heat island effect analysis, energy efficiency management and low-carbon construction etc.

• Improving the Mechanism – APEC low-carbon urban development demonstration: initiation of demo project,

establishment of expert team, discussion on the summit meeting and low-carbon urban development demonstration forum etc.

• Introduction of Advanced International Concept– Design teams from multiple countries provided planning and design for the

Yujiabao financial district of Tianjin – Low Carbon Development Plan of Jilin, an outcome of the Study on low-carbon

economic methodologies and low-carbon economic regional development cases is officially published

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Sun Yang Department of International CooperationNational Energy Administration, China

Sydante@hotmail.com

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