Apartheid

and Nelson

Mandela1948-1994

Origins

When the Europeans started leaving

Africa, and African countries starting

getting independence…

Most countries got freedom and

independence!

South Africa, since it has so many resources,

went in the opposite way

“Apart-ness”

The ruling elites, or the white South

Africans, set up Apartheid in 1948.

Non-white South Africans lost freedoms:

First could not longer vote.

All people classified into 4 groups:

White, Native, Colored, Asian

Interracial couples are illegal

Instantly divorced if married

Government declares children of mixed

races “accidents”

Under apartheid blacks, coloreds, and

Asians were required to use separate

public facilities of all types.

Apartheid resulted in separate jobs,

transportation, school, communities, and other

facilities for different ethnic groups.

Young men

watching whites

play soccer.

Townships (also called Homelands):

Separate areas where blacks (and

coloreds) were required to live.

Forced RemovalBantustans

Nonwhites forced to move out of all major cities onto “reservations”

No hospitals, no transportation, no grocery stores, nothing but dust and dirt

Not even any water pumps

Black South Africans forced to get everything they need from this dry land.

Starvation and disease were common.

Located far from jobs in the

cities and mines.

Blacks and coloreds must often

spend 8 hrs. a day on buses.

Sometimes, they may live 200

miles between job and

home.

Crowded clusters of tiny homes.

Located on the outskirts of

towns.

Located in parts of the country

with poor soils and few

minerals.

Soweto Township

South African Bantustan

Show me your pass

80% of South Africans are something other

than white… meaning that only 20% of

the people are benefiting from Apartheid.

To keep the nonwhites from rebelling, the

“pass” system develops.

By law, under apartheid, non-whites were required to carry an

identification passbook. The passbook allowed the non-

blacks to be in, and work in, white areas. If an individual did

not have the proper endorsements in the passbook, the

person could be arrested and jailed.

Many people around the world objected to South Africa’s

apartheid laws. (around the 1960’s and 1970’s)

Many international scientific and sports organizations refused

to include South Africans in their meetings and competitions.

These penalties are called sanctions.

Some countries

banned trade with

South Africa.

Some companies in

the U.S. and

Europe refused to

invest their money

in South Africa.

The African National Congress was founded in 1912.

As a political party took an active role in seeking rights

for South Africans of color.

It encouraged workers to strike for better wages and

better working conditions.

ANC leader and lawyer, Nelson Mandela

and five ANC leaders were arrested by

the government in 1962. They were

sentenced to life in prison on

Robben Island, off the coast of Cape

Town. They were arrested for “terrorist acts.”

Mandela spent more than 25 yrs. in jail before

he was ordered to be released by

F.W. de Klerk (President of S. Africa).

In 1990, President F.W. de Klerk lifted the ban on the African

National Congress and other political parties.

He freed Nelson Mandela. With Nelson Mandela, the two

men worked together to end apartheid and provide social

equality in South Africa. They worked for free elections of all

adult citizens regardless of race.

In 1994, Nelson Mandela was elected as South Africa’s

president.

The end of apartheid:

The separation of races

was no longer legal.

Gave blacks and coloreds

the opportunity to become a

part of the government

(making laws, etc.)

It provided free elections for

all people regardless of

race.

It provided a chance for

equal education, jobs, and

pay. Stawicki - 2004

Final Years Mandela’s popularity grew so big that the rest

of the world knew who he was.

Released in 1994.

Could have just said the word and South Africa would have destroyed itself in blood, destruction, and rebellion.

Chose to preach about peace, togetherness, love, forgiveness, respect.

Elected as first black South African President in 1994.

Received Nobel Peace Prize for his work in uniting both white and black South Africans.

Seen as a major symbol of hope, peace, and the good that people are capable of.

Died

12/5/13