AP World History: The Paleolithic What makes us human? NY State Standards 2 Common Core RS 1, 2, 7,...
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Transcript of AP World History: The Paleolithic What makes us human? NY State Standards 2 Common Core RS 1, 2, 7,...
AP World History: The PaleolithicWhat makes us human?
NY State Standards 2Common Core RS 1, 2, 7, WS 1, LSS 4
I Evolution vs. CreationismA) Historians learn about human history prior to the invention of
writing by looking at archaeological evidence, linguistic evidence, and DNA. Taken together, historians have been able to understand human evolution (how modern Homo sapiens have evolved over
millions of years). Evolution is based on science.B) Creationists believe the world was created by a supernatural
power. Creationism is based on faith.C) There has been an education movement in the U.S. to promote
intelligent design, which accepts evolution but argues that the process was begun by a supernatural force. Advocates of intelligent
design argue that it should be taught in public school science classes.
Is it possible to believe in both evolution and creationism? Should intelligent design be taught in public school science classes?
II What was the Paleolithic?
A) Human history is divided into different ages. The Old Stone Age (Paleolithic) is the oldest. It lasted from 4 million+ years ago to
8,000 BCE.B) Millions of years ago, humans shared a common ancestor with
primates (apes, chimpanzees…). Over time, our human ancestors evolved separately from the primates.
COMMON ANCESTOR
PRIMATES HUMANS
What was the Paleolithic continued…C) Our earliest human ancestors (hominids) had traits of both primates
and humans. For most of the Paleolithic, more than one species of hominid existed at the same time!
D) Most of the earliest archaeological evidence found comes from the Great Rift Valley in Eastern Africa.
III Meet Our Relatives!A) The oldest hominid found (so far) is nicknamed Ardi, a 4.4 million year old female from Ethiopia! She was 110 lbs,
4ft tall.
Ardipithecus Ramidus
What was the Paleolithic continued…E) Hominids (as well as the first modern humans) survived by living in caves or building simple shelters. They made stone tools, and hunted and gathered food. They were nomadic.
Modern day Bushmen live in the Kalahari Desert in southern Africa. Many still live a hunting and gathering lifestyle.
B) Lucy, named for a Beatles song, is 3.2 million years old. She is 3 ft. 6 inches tall and
walked on two legs. Discovered by Donald
Johansen.
Australopithecus afarensis
Donald Johansen and Lucy
When I realized, in 1978, that Lucy did represent a new
species of human ancestor, and that I had an opportunity to name this new species, I
realized this was a revolutionary step in
understanding human origins.- Donald Johansen
Footprints by members of Lucy’s Species
These hominids footprints became preserved in volcanic ash 3.6 million years ago! It was found
by Mary Leaky in Tanzania.
C) Homo erectus lived between 1.8 and 1.3 million
years ago. They were the first hominids to make fire!
Homo erectus tautavelensis
How did the ability to make fire change human history?
D) Neanderthals lived between 130,000 and 35,000 years ago. They made tools that were similar to those of modern humans! However, they disappeared and
were replaced by Cro Magnons (us).
In 2010 scientists mapped the Neanderthal genome and discovered
that they interbred with modern humans! Neanderthal DNA make up 1-4% of the DNA in modern people
from Eurasia.
Homo neanderthalensis
Neanderthal Tools
Did the Neanderthals have culture?
This flute was found at a Neanderthal site in Slovenia. It is carved from a bear’s femur, and is dated between 43,000 and 82,000 years
old. This is the oldest musical instrument ever found.
Cro Magnon vs. Neanderthal Skull
E) 200,000 – 400,000 years ago, Cro Magnons (modern Homo sapiens) emerged in Eastern Africa. According to the Out of Africa theory, they migrated out of Africa into Europe and
Asia. By 35,000 years ago, the Cro Magnons had replaced the Neanderthals.
This is the reconstructed face of a Cro Magnon man who lived in Romania 35,000 years ago.
Cro Magnon Tools Develop
IV Achievements of Cro MagnonsA) Cro Magnons buried their dead.
This skeleton is 12,000 years old. It was found in a cave in Italy.
Achievements of Cro Magnons continued…B) They created art.
Venus of Willendorf24,000 – 22,000 years old
Found in Austria
Achievements of Cro Magnons continued…
The Lascaux Caves in southwestern France. (15,000 BCE)
Lascaux Caves Details
Lascaux Cave Details
Achievements of Cro Magnons continued…
C) They survived.
Key Vocabulary