PRE-COLUMBIAN AMERICAS IN WORLD HISTORY THE FORGOTTEN WORLDS OF THE AMERICAS.
AP World History New Worlds: The Americas and Oceania
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Transcript of AP World History New Worlds: The Americas and Oceania
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Chapter 25
AP WORLD HISTORYNEW WORLDS: THE AMERICAS AND OCEANIA
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I. CONQUEST OF THE NEW WORLD
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II. CONQUEST OF THE AZTEC EMPIRE• Hernan Cortez & 450 men conquer the Aztec empire, 1519-1521
• How were 450 Spanish able to conquer the mighty Aztecs?
1. Better Weapons ( Steel Swords, muskets, cannons, horses)
2. Other indigenous people hated the Aztecs ( Dona Marina)
3. Disease
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Fernando Cortés
The First Spanish Conquests:The Aztecs
Montezuma II
vs.
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Cycle of Conquest & Colonization
Explorers Conquistadores
Mission
aries
PermanentSettlers
OfficialEuropeanColony!
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The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 &
The Pope’s Line of Demarcation
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• Francisco Pizzaro (Conqueror of the Incas)
• Led a small band of men and toppled the Inca empire, 1532-1533
• Held Inca ruler Atahualpa for ransom, then strangled him & decapitated him
III. CONQUEST OF THE INCAS
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Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
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• Encomienda-
• land grants to Spanish settlers with total control over local people & land
IV LABOR SYSTEMS OF THE NEW WORLD
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• Colonial Society in the Americas • Sugar and Slavery in
Portuguese Brazil• The Engenho
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Inc.
Chapter Twenty-Five:New Worlds: The Americas and Oceania
Sugar mill in colonial Brazil
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• Mita or repartmiento system- Spanish crown required 1/7 of male population to work for 4 months in Spanish mines or haciendas
• Debt Peonage- Spanish landowners advanced loans to native peoples to buy seed, tools, and supplies in exchange for labor
IV. LABOR SYSTEMS
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V. SUGAR & SLAVERY IN BRAZIL• The Portuguese in Brazil depended on _Sugar_________.
• Engenho- term to describe the complex land, buildings, animals, , equipment, tools capital, & technical skills needed to make molasses& refined sugar from sugar cane
• Small pox devastated the indigenous population.
• Portuguese imported ___________________ for cane & sugar production
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• Major resource of income for Spanish crown
• Manila Galleons take it to the Pacific rim for trading
• Very popular with Chinese markets• Also trade in the
Atlantic basin
SIGNIFICANCE OF SILVER
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The Influence of the Colonial Catholic
Church
Guadalajara Cathedral
Our Lady of Guadalupe
Spanish Mission
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15
THE VIRGIN OF GUADALUPE
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Treasuresfrom the Americas!
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The Colonial Class System
Peninsulares Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattos
Native Indians Black Slaves
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Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill
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WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WAS MOST LETHAL FOR NATIVE AMERICANS DURING EARLY ENCOUNTERS WITH EUROPEANS?
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1. Firearms
2. Mounted troops
3. Smallpox
4. Steel swords
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Firearms Mounted troops Smallpox Steel swords
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CONQUISTADORS WERE
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1. Entrepreneurs who financed Spain’s voyages of exploration
2. Spanish conquerors of New World territories, such as Cortes and Pizarro
3. Exporters of American food crops back to Europe
4. Native American slaves sent back to Europe
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FROM HIGHEST TO LOWEST, THE RACIAL CASTE’S IN SPAIN’S COLONIES WERE:
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1. Creoles, mestizos, & natives
2. Peninsulares, mestizos, & creoles
3. Peninsulares, creoles, slaves, & mestizos
4. Peninsulares, creoles, mestizos, natives, & slaves
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Creoles, mestizos... Peninsulares, mes... Peninsulares, cre... Peninsulares, cre...