AP World History Mr. Charnley. European Political Ideologies Conservatives ▪ Monarchies and...
-
Upload
joseph-simpson -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
Transcript of AP World History Mr. Charnley. European Political Ideologies Conservatives ▪ Monarchies and...
Nationalism(and all the stuff that came with it)
AP World HistoryMr. Charnley
Causes
European Political Ideologies Conservatives▪ Monarchies and religious institutions provide stability▪ Opposed to revolutionary ideals
Liberals▪ Limit government interference in citizens’ lives▪ Constitution and protection of individual rights▪ Limited voting rights▪ Economic reforms for industrial growth
Radicals▪ Democratic representative government▪ Social reforms for lower class▪ Universal voting rights
Causes
Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815) Anti-French sentiment among
European nations Europe sought to restore
balance of power to prewar conditions
Congress of Vienna (1815) Sought to limit power of
France Wanted to restore ‘balance of
power’ in Europe Gave territory to German and
Italian states Britain gained new colonies Russia retained most of Poland
19th Century Revolutions
Revolutions of 1820 Greece▪ Gained independence
from Ottoman Empire▪ Began decline of
Ottoman power in Europe Spain▪ Spanish military
mutinied, demanded constitutional monarchy
▪ France sent troops to crush the rebellion and restore absolutism
19th Century Revolutions
Revolutions of 1830 France▪ July Revolution▪ Establishes constitutional
monarchy Belgium▪ Belgian Revolution▪ Gains independence from
Netherlands Poland▪ November Uprising▪ Failed attempt to gain
independence from Russia
19th Century Revolutions
Industrialization Working class▪ Used political institutions to fight for industrial
reform Displaced artisan class▪ Afraid of being displaced by industrial factory
system Charist movement▪ British artisans and workers demanded the
right to vote▪ Regulate technology and promote education
Revolutions of 1848
France February Revolution Overthrew
monarchy Established a
republic Artisans demanded
social reforms Women demanded
right to vote Republic overthrown
by Louis Napoleon III and replaced by an empire
Revolutions of 1848
German states, Italian states, Habsburg Empire Demand for
constitutional monarchy
Artisans wanted limits on industrialization
Peasants wanted end to feudalism
National unity Rights for individual
ethnic groups
Revolutions of 1848
Effects Opposed by conservatives and liberals Harshly suppressed by government
militaries Countries improved infrastructure to
prevent natural disasters social status was based on wealth, not
nobility Artisan class lost political power
Nationalism
Neo-Conservatives Sought to preserve aristocracy and
monarchy Used nationalism to promote existing
social hierarchy Promoted expansionism and imperialism
to win popular support
Italian Unification
Cavour Promoted
industrialization in northern Italy
Extended power of parliament
Allied with France to drive Austria out of northern Italian states
Unified Italy under king of Piedmont
Weakened power of papacy
Italian Unification
Garibaldi Revolutionary leader
in southern Italy ‘Red Shirts’ Overthrew monarchy
and handed southern Italy over to Cavour
1871 Papal States are forced to surrender, lose all territory except Vatican City
German Unification
Bismarck ‘blood and iron’ Realpolitik Allied with Austria to defeat
Denmark and regain ethnically German lands (1863)
Defeated Austria make Prussia the dominant German state (1866)
Defeated France to unify German states under Prussia (1871)
Nationalism
American Civil War 1861-1865 Asserted power of
the national government over regional authorities
Abolished slavery First war to use
industrial-era weapons and technology
Nationalism
France Defeated in Franco-
Prussian War Overthrew Louis
Napoleon Established republic▪ Universal male voting▪ Weakened Catholic
Church▪ Improved education▪ No major social reforms
Abolitionist Movement1780 to 1890
Abolitionism
Causes Enlightenment▪ slavery violates natural rights▪ emphasis on liberty and
equality Religious▪ Quakers and Protestant
evangelicals morally opposed to slavery
Economic▪ new technology,
industrialization Political▪ Haitian Revolution
Abolitionism
Activism Abolitionist
movement gains support among middle and working class
Methods: pamphlets, petitions, boycotts, public meetings
Leadership of William Wilberforce
Abolitionism
Timeline 1807: Britain forbade sale of
slaves in empire 1834: emancipation of
remaining slaves 1850s : Most new Latin
American countries abolished slavery
1861: Russia emancipates serfs 1863: USA Emancipation
Proclamation 1888: Brazil became the last to
abolish slavery
Abolitionism
Plantation owners and slave traders resisted
USA Civil War, 1861- 1865, was most prolonged struggle to end slavery
Abolitionism
Outcomes Freed but not equal
citizens Only in Haiti was land
redistributed Shortage of plantation
labor African slaves were
replaced by indentured servants
Emancipated serfs in Russia remained poor
Feminism
Feminism
Olympe de Gouges wrote the Declaration of
the Rights of Women 1792, during French
Revolution New educational,
employment, and social opportunities
1848 Seneca Falls Convention Elizabeth Cady Stanton Susan B. Anthony
Demanded access to schools, professions, and voting
Feminist Achievements By 1900, a small number of
upper and middle class women had gained entrance to universities
US– states passed laws allowing women to control their own property, divorce
Teaching, nursing and social work (Jane Adams)
Women ultimately gained the right to vote New Zealand in 1893 USA in 1920 (19th Amendment) France in 1945