1700s1800s1900s

Immigrants

1790: Naturalization Act

Congress adopts rules that allow any free white person to apply for citizenship after two years of residency.

1798: Naturalization Act

Alien and Sedition Acts. Requires 14 years residency before citizenship. Reduced to 5 in 1802. Also allows deportation of immigrants deemed dangerous.

1819: First federal legislation on immigration

Reporting of immigration and rules for passengers from US ports bound for Europe

1846: Irish Immigrants

Come to flee potato famine.

1849: Chinese Immigrants

California Gold Rush attracts settlers

1862: Homestead Act

Attracts foreigners to settle on western land.

1880s: Wave #1

Old immigrants. England, Ireland, and Germany

1882: Chinese Exclusion Act

Completely barred Chinese from entering U.S. until 1943. Also barred convicts and the insane.

1885: Alien Contract Labor Law

Prevents foreigners from being brought into the U.S. for labor.

1892: Opening of Ellis Island

Screened immigrants arriving on the East coast.

1900s: Wave #2

New Immigrants. Mainly from southern/eastern Europe. (Italy, Poland, Russia)

Influx of Russian immigrants after Bolshevik Revolution (Red Scare)

1921: Emergency Quota Act

Established 3% national quota. Quota based on census of 1910, favoring southern Europeans.

1924: Immigration Act

2% national origin quota established. Census basis shifted to 1890, favoring northern Europeans.

1943: Chinese Exclusion Act Repealed

No discrimination of Chinese

1952: Immigration and Nationality Act

Eliminated race as a bar to immigration or citizenship.

1954: Operation Wetback

Government roundup operation, thousands of illegal Mexican immigrants are forcibly deported.

1965: Hart-Celler Act

Abolished national quotas set in place by the Immigration Act of 1921. Set separate standards for eastern hemisphere (170,000) and western hemisphere (120,000)

1970s: Vietnam

Thousands of South Vietnamese enter the U.S. after we pull out of Vietnam and the communist North takes control.

1986: Immigration Reform and Control Act

Attempted to stop illegal entry by penalizing employers of undocumented aliens and granting amnesty to aliens already here.

1700s1800s1900s

Women

1775-1783: Remember the Ladies

Abigail Adams- wife of John Adams, spoke on behalf of women. Wrote a letter to John Adams, her husband, about women equality1776-1790: Pursuit of Equality

Republican motherhood- a Revolutionary

ideal where women we elevated to being

keepers of the nations conscience for civic

virtue.

1848: Seneca Falls Convention First womens rights convention held in Seneca

Falls, NY. Both men and women signed a

Declaration of Sentiments, that outlined their

grievances about the lack of women rights (Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Susan b.

Anthony, Sojourner Truth)

1854: Uncle Toms Cabin

Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote about the cruelties

of slavery.1861-1865: Civil War U.S. Sanitary Commission- organized by first

female physician Elizabeth Blackwell to assist

the Union on the field. Clara Barton & Dorothea

Dix- superintendents of nurses for the Union

army made nursing respectable.1868: Reconstruction

14th Amendment- national citizenship and

required all states to provide equal protection to

all people. Stanton and Anthony fought against

this amendment when it used the word male

when referring to the citizens right to vote1874: Womans Christian Temperance Union

Lobbied for local/state laws against alcohol (Carrie A. Nation). Played a major role during

Prohibition Era during Progressive Era of early

1900s1889: Jane Addams creates Hull House

Was the first American settlement house;

settlement houses became centers of women

activism and reform

1890: National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA) formed

Waged campaigns for women to obtain voting rights (Carrie Chapman Catt)1908: Muller v Oregon

Laws protecting female workers since factory work had harmful effects on their bodies

(special protection)1920s: The New Woman

Flappers, Sex OClock in America1920: Nineteenth Amendment

Women the right to vote; gained after women

contribution during WWl.

1921: Sheppard- Towner Maternity Act

Provided federal financial instruction in

maternal and infant healthcare 1921: American Birth Control League

Promote education for pregnancy prevention

(Margaret Sanger)1923: Adkins v Childrens Hospital

Court reversed Muller v Oregon decision ( no

special protection and no minimum wage)

1941-1945: WWll

18 million in workforce by 1945 (women

assumed roles in factories)1972: Title lX

Gender equality in federally- funded educational

programs; more opportunities in womens sports

1972: Equal Rights Amendment

Equality of rights under the law shall not be

denied or abridged by the united States or by

any state on account of sex1973: Roe v Wade

Legalized abortion protecting privacy rights of women

1700s1800s1900s

African Americans

Colonial Slavery:

Atlantic Slave Trade

Slave Codes

American Revolution:

Many slaves fought for both the Patriots and the British

Road to the Civil War: Slave Auctions

Compromise of 1850

Fugitive Slave Law

Civil War and Reconstruction:

54th Massachusetts

Emancipation Proclamation (1863)

Freemens Bureau (1865)

Black Codes

13th, 14th, and 15th Amendment

Ku Klux Klan

Jim Crow Laws

Gilded Age:

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Grandfather Clause

Plessy v. Ferguson

Americans Move to the City (1865-1900): WEB DuBois

Booker T. WashingtonRoaring Twenties:

Harlem Renaissance

Jazz Age

Louis Armstrong, Langston Hughes, Marcus

Gravey, Claude McKay, Zora Neale Hurston

United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)

World War II:

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE, 1942)

Tuskegee Airmen

Cold War and Eisenhower Era:

Levittowns Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Great African American Migration

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

Rosa Parks, MLK

Southern Resistance

Civil Rights Act of 1957

Sixties:

Freedom Riders

March on Washington

MLK, Malcolm X

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Selma, Montgomery, Greenville

Black Panthers

Black Power

Seventies:

Milliken v. Bradbury (1974)

Bakke v. California (1978)

1700s1800s1900s

Native

AmericansColonial Era:

Columbian Exchange

Thanksgiving

Pocahontas

Cultural Clashes:

As more colonists arrive in New World, Native American resist removal:

Anglo-Powhatan Wars, French and Indian War, Battle of Tippecanoe, Battle of Fallen Timbers

Louisiana Purchase (1803):

Sacagawea

Colonists subdue Natives:

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

Trail of Tears (1838)

Native American Resistance:

Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull v. Custer (1876)

Wounded Knee Massacre (1890)

Advocacy and Forced Assimilation:

Carlisle Indian School (1879)

A Century of Dishonor (1881)

Helen Hunt Jackson

Dawes-Severalty Act (1887) Advocacy and Forced Assimilation:

Society of American Indians (1911)

Indian Reorganization Act (1934)

1700s1800s1900s

Industrialization

As Americas private economy began to flourish, many Americans sought power through profits as opposed to politicsReconstruction:

With the Civil War resulting in the abolition of

slavery, the American South underwent

Industrialization, similar to the North

1870s: Agriculture was the nations biggest business; by 1900, it accounted for less than half.Republican Presidents:

With Republican Presidents being in charge of

government, laissez-faire tactics allowed for

business to flourishIndustrial Revolution:

Railroad building marked the beginning of the

Industrial Revolution. Due to its price and risk,

railroad builders required for the government to

provide them with land subsidies. Cornelius Vanderbilt led the charge for the unity

of the Western and Eastern Railroads. He

helped with popularizing the steel rail

Scandals:

Scandals such as Credit Mobilier and cases such

as Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railroad

Company vs. Illinois emerged as a result of

corruption

Led to the Interstate Commerce Act:

Regulated monopolistic railroad buildings

John D. Rockefeller:

Created the Standard Oil Empire through his

notorious tactic of horizontal integrationAndrew Carnegie:

Established the Carnegie Steel Corporation, using

vertical integration. With the emergence of big

corporations, labor unions began to emerge

Progressive Era

Journalists, known as Muckrackers, began to

reveal the corrupt practices done by large

corporations in an attempt to rally support for

regulation

Some famous Muckrackers:

Include Upton Sinclair, Jacob Riis, John Spargo,

and Ida Tarbell

Labor Unions:

Began to emerge as a result of poor working

Conditions.

AF of L, Knights of Labor, IWW, etc.

President Theodore Roosevelt:

Began a practice known as Trust-Busting

Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) and Clayton Antitrust Act T.R, along with Taft would sue corporations for

creating large trusts, in an attempt to break

down monopolies. Led to the dissolution of

Standard Oil in 1911

Industrialization Overall:

Had a positive impact on the economy. Led to the emergence of the United States as a global

power, this being cemented after both of the

World Wars.

It did however, lead to overproduction, a major

cause for the Great Depression