AP PSYCHOLOGY MS. NELSON PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS DSM -IV.
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Transcript of AP PSYCHOLOGY MS. NELSON PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS DSM -IV.
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A P P S Y C H O L O G YM S . N E L S O N
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
DSM -IV
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DSM-IV
•Official diagnostic manual for mental issues• International and USA• Published by American Psychiatric Association•New one published (DSM-V) in 2012• Expensive• Changes
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AXIS I
•List clinical disorders•Complex detail of possible disorders
•Can be more than one disorder•Must be justified•Principle diagnosis
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AXIS II
•Personality disorders•Mental retardation• Intellectually disabling issues•Must be separated from diagnosis
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AXIS III
•General medical conditions•Sever allergies, diabetes, injuries
•May be separate or may effect behavior
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AXIS IV
• Environmental issues• Living conditions
• Psychosocial issues• Family problems
•May affect mental state
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AXIS V
•Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)• Clinician assigned score• Continuum of 0-100• 100 being superior functioning• 70 known as mild symptoms• 20 danger of hurting self or others• Based on mental health only
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DSM CLASSIFICATION
• Number system• Severity specified during diagnosis• Mild• Moderate• severe
• If criteria is no longs met• In Partial Remission• In Full Remission• Prior History
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CHILDHOOD DIAGNOSIS
• Infancy, childhood or puberty• Retardation and Learning Disorders•Motor skill or Communication Disorders• Autistic/Asperger’s Continuum• Feeding/Elimination • ADD/ADHD• Tick Disorders
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COGNITIVE DISORDERS
•Delirium, dementia, amnestic• Physical deterioration of brain• Aging or disease• Effect of alcoholism, drug addiction • Toxic substances• Inability to “think straight” (delirium)• Loss of memory (dementia)
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SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS
• Caused by dependence on chemicals•Dependence vs. abuse•Drugs, alcohol, stimulants, tobacco• Behavior & addiction of specific drug• Behavior related to the addiction process
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SCHIZOPHRENIA & PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS
• Severe abnormalities in behavior that interfere with daily functioning• Thinking, perception, movement, motivation, emotion
•Delusions: • Inflated power or worth• Persecution, cheated, followed• Spectrum of intensity
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MOOD DISORDERS
• Affective disorders• Severe disturbances in mood•Depression•Mania•Over-excitement•Manic depression/bipolar• Alternating episodes of depression & mania
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ANXIETY DISORDERS
•Unrealistic fears or phobia •Generalized feelings of dread• Panic attach-physical chemical reaction•Obsessive compulsive behavior• rituals of thought or actions•Used to control anxiety•Often caused by traumatic event
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SOMATOFORM DISORDERS
•Physical symptoms with no apparent physical cause•Hypochondriac: unusual preoccupation with health•Pain disorder•Example: blindness, paralysis
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FACTITIOUS DISORDERS
• Intentional false mental or physical disorder•Under the person’s control•Used to meet a psychological need• To assume the role of a “sick person”• To avoid responsibilities or financial gain
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DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER
• Psychologically caused problems of• Consciousness• Self-identification• Loss of memory• Amnesia•Development of more than one identity•Multiple personality
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SEXUAL & GENDER IDENTITY
• Unusual objects or situations sexually arousing• Fetish: baby carriages, shoes• Exhibitionism• Pedophilia, sadism
• Unsatisfactory sexual activity• Dysfunction, addiction, pain
• Gender identity issues• sexuality• Roles and behavior
• Changes in DSM
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EATING DISORDERS
•Anorexia Nervosa•Bulimia Nervosa•Binging•Connection to trauma•Brain chemistry
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SLEEP DISORDERS
•Problems with sleep/wake cycle•Seasonal Affective Disorder•Narcolepsy•Breathing related sleep disorder•Parasomnias•Night terror, nightmares•Sleepwalking
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IMPULSE CONTROL
•Compulsive behavior•Gambling•Kleptomania: stealing•Pyromania: arson•Trichotillomania: pulling out hair•Thrill seeking•Chemical reaction
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ADJUSTMENT DISORDER
•Failure to adjust to life events•Divorce, financial problems, family discord
•Emotions and depression•Cause and effect•Symptoms do NOT represent grieving stages
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PERSONALITY DISORDERS
• Enduring patterns of inner experience of behavior that deviates from social culture• Cognition of self and others• Affectivity: range, intensity,
appropriateness• Interpersonal functioning• Impulse control
• Must exhibit at least two of the above
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CLUSTER A-BEGINNING IN EARLY ADULTHOOD
• Paranoid • Distrust/suspiciousness of others• Interpreted as malevolent behavior
• Schizoid• Detachment for social relationships• Restricted range of expressions of emotions
• Schizotypal• Social/interpersonal deficits• Eccentric behavior
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CLUSTER B-PUBERTY ONSET
• Antisocial• Disregard for and violation of the rights of
others• Borderline• Instability of interpersonal relationships & self-
image• Histrionic• Excessive emotionality and attention seeking
• Narcissistic• Grandiose need for admiration, lack of empathy
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CLUSTER C-CHILDHOOD ONSET
• Avoidant• Social inhibition, hypersensitive, feelings
of inadequacy • Dependent• Need to be taken care of, clinging
behavior, fears• Obsessive-compulsive• Preoccupation with orderliness,
perfectionism, control, lack of flexibility
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PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTIVE HEALTH
• Problems related to abuse or neglect• Relational issues• Medication induced• True physical problems• Headaches, high blood pressure, muscle ache
• Caused or worsened by psychological factors• Anxiety or worry
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
• DSM IV, American Psychiatric Association. 1994.