AP Psych DMA1. Compare/contrast posthypnotic

suggestion and posthypnotic amnesia.

2. Who conducted the first experimental studies of associative learning?

Please turn in this week’s DMAs

Today’s AgendaDMAQuiz buy-backChapter 9

◦Roxana, Katie & MelodyChapter 10 review

Homework: Final Exam – May 1 & 2 Review quizzes – refer to calendar EC Review Pres – various AP EXAM!!! May 7th Last day to pay for AP Psych T-shirt is Tuesday, April 24th

RemindersReview PresentationsThursday, April 26th

◦Riley & Brendan◦Duy & Kyana

Last day to pay for an AP Psych T-

shirt is Tuesday, April 24th

Countdown…

17Day until the AP

Exam(remember you don’t know what

the FRQs will be)

11 Days until the final

exam

Chap. 3, 4, 5 & 6 Quiz Buy-BackDue Monday

Same process as last time.

Chapter 9 ReviewRoxana, Katie & Melody

Chapter 10 Review1. Find a partner2. Select an activity

◦ If you complete the activity, pick another one.

◦ You will be graded on how well you review today….

Focused, on-task, reviewing all topics, going into depth, completing as many review activities as possible…

3. Review ALL of the topics during the activity.

Chapter 10 ReviewPotential activitiesMake flashcardsQuiz each otherReread your notes

or textbookCreate a game

about the information

Compare/contrast the topics

Summarize each of the topics (verbally or in writing)

Topics…. Framing Semantics Availability heuristic Phonemes Functional fixedness Confirmation bias Algorithm Language development Syntax Morphemes Belief bias Mental set Chomsky Whorf Representative heuristic Babbling stage

LanguageMorpheme

◦The smallest unit that carries meaning.

◦May be a word or a part of a work (prefix) Example?

Phoneme ◦The smallest distinctive sound unit.

Example?

LanguageSemantics the set of rules by which we derive

meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language

study of meaning

Syntax the rules for combining words into

grammatically sensible sentences in a given language

LanguageWe are all born to recognize speech sounds from all the world’s

languages

100908070605040302010

0

Percentage ableto discriminateHindi

Hindi-speaking

adults

6-8 months

8-10months

10-12months

English-speaking

adultsInfants from English-speaking homes

LanguageBabbling Stage beginning at 3 to 4 months infant spontaneously utters various

sounds at first unrelated to the household language

One-Word Stage from about age 1 to 2 child speaks mostly in single words

LanguageTwo-Word Stage beginning about age 2 child speaks in mostly two-word

statements

Telegraphic Speech child speaks like a telegram

“go car” using mostly nouns and verbs and

omitting “auxiliary” words

Summary of Language Development

Month(approximate)

Stage

4

10

12

24

24+

Babbles many speech sounds.

Babbling reveals households language.

One-word stage.

Two-world, telegraphic speech.

Language develops rapidly intocomplete sentences.

Language StagesBabble to your neighborNow, speak to him/her like a child

in the one-word stage.Now… give him/her directions to

your house (from KR) using only telegraphic speech.

ThinkingFraming the way an issue is posed how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgmentsExample: What is the best way to market ground beef--as 25% fat or 75% lean?

Imagine that you failed a math test – how would you frame this situation to your parents?

ThinkingFunctional Fixedness tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions

impediment to problem solvingHow could functional fixedness hurt your studying?

ThinkingInsight sudden and often novel realization of the

solution to a problem contrasts with strategy-based solutions

Confirmation Bias tendency to search for information that

confirms one’s preconceptions

Fixation inability to see a problem from a new

perspective impediment to problem solving

ThinkingBelief Bias the tendency for one’s

preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning

sometimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid or valid conclusions seem invalid How could belief bias affect politics?

ThinkingMental Set tendency to approach a problem in a particular way

especially a way that has been successful in the past but may or may not be helpful in solving a new problem

Heuristics

Availability Heuristic estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory

if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common Example: airplane crash How could availability heuristics affect phobias?

ThinkingAlgorithm methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem When have you used algorithms?