AP Music Theory Chapter 2. Scales A collection of pitches in ascending and descending order.
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Transcript of AP Music Theory Chapter 2. Scales A collection of pitches in ascending and descending order.
![Page 1: AP Music Theory Chapter 2. Scales A collection of pitches in ascending and descending order.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5697c0041a28abf838cc4881/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AP Music Theory
Chapter 2
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Scales
• A collection of pitches in ascending and descending order
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Pitch Class• A pitch class contains all of the notes of the
same name REGARDLESS of octave. • Note that the caret (⌃) above each number
indicates that the number represents a SCALE DEGREE.
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Diatonic Scales
• Defines a scale of mixed half and whole steps (and an occasional step and a half) in which EACH INDIVIDUAL TONE PLAYS A ROLE.
• The first tone of the scale the the TONIC
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The “Tonic”
• Focal point of the scale.• Most stable note.• Point of greatest relaxation.• Diatonic melodies frequently end on the TONIC.• Diatonic used to indicate a tone that is part of a
particular scale (or key signature). • Non-diatonic are tones that do not belong to
the scale.
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TONIC
• 1st scale degree• Tonal center – the final resolution tone.
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SUPERTONIC
• 2nd scale degree• One step above the tonic
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MEDIANT
• 3rd scale degree• Midway between the tonic and dominant.
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SUBDOMINANT
• 4th scale degree• The lower dominant – the fifth tone down
from the tonic (also the fourth tone up from the tonic).
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DOMINANT
• 5th scale degree• So called because its function is next in
importance to the tonic.
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SUBMEDIANT
• 6th scale degree• The lower mediant – halfway between tonic
and lower-dominant (subdominant). The third tone down from the tonic (also the sixth tone up from the tonic).
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LEADING TONE
• 7th scale degree.• Strong affinity for and leads melodically to the
tonic. Used when the seventh tone appears a HALF STEP below the tonic.
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SUBTONIC
• 7th scale degree• Used only to designate the seventh degree of
the natural minor scale (a whole step below the tonic).
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Natural Minor Scale
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Harmonic Minor Scale
• Has a raised seventh degree. • Gives it more melodic thrust toward the tonic.
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Melodic Minor Scale
• Ascending and Descending form. • Ascending: raised sixth and seventh degrees• Descending: lowered sixth and seventh
degrees.
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Melodic Minor Scale
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Homework
• Assignment 2.1 (in class) If you do not finish, consider this part of your homework.
• Due Wednesday: Workbook 2A. • Ear – Training
www.musictheory.net/exercises/ear-scale/xyybyycgspb.
• 20 minutes on these exercises. Shoot for 70% pass rate. Send me your screen shots.
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Scale Relationships
• By products of the organizational theme of major and minor scales…
• Relative Relationship and the Parallel Relationship.