“It’s a History-Making Monday!” AP Language and Composition November 26, 2012 Mr. Houghteling.
AP Literature and Composition “It’s a moody Monday!” November 16, 2009 Mr. Houghteling.
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Transcript of AP Literature and Composition “It’s a moody Monday!” November 16, 2009 Mr. Houghteling.
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AP Literature and Composition
“It’s a moody Monday!”
November 16, 2009
Mr. Houghteling
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Agenda:
1. Quickwrite—your definitions of comedy and tragedy.
2. Scoring/collecting the Sula essays.
3. “Description of the Morning” review.
4. Aristotle’s Poetics - Key definitions and excerpts from the section we read and from the text as a whole - Take notes.
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Today is a busy day.
Please take out the following documents:-Your Sula essay.-The AP score guide (provided last week).-Your copy of “Description of the Morning.” -Aristotle’s Poetics.
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Quickwrite
• What is your definition of a comedy?
• What is your definition of a tragedy?
Analyze your responses:
Do comedies and tragedies share any characteristics? If so, what are they? How do the two differ?
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Scoring the Sula essay.
• While you create your own definitions, you should score your own essay using the AP guide.
• We have read the score guide carefully; put your numeric score on the back of your essay.
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Aristotle’s Poetics:
Together with Plato (his teacher) and Socrates (Plato's teacher), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. He was the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy.
Much of our understanding of rhetoric and literature is based on Aristotle’s treatise, Poetics.
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Homework Assignment - Due Tuesday: 1. Read and annotate (mark!) the
provided excerpt from Aristotle’s Poetics.
2. On a separate sheet of paper, identify Aristotle’s definitions of the following terms: poetry, comedy, tragedy, plot, character, and thought.
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Aristotle’s Poetics:
All art is imitation.
Art differs in what and how it imitates.
Aristotle’s Poetics is a direct reflection of his teacher’s -- Plato’s -- treatise, The Republic.
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Plato’s The Republic:
According to Plato's Theory of Forms, objects in this world are imitations or approximations of ideal Forms that are the true reality. A chair in this world is just an imitation of the Form of Chair.
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Aristotle’s definition of comedy: • “Comedy is…an imitation of
characters of a lower type, not, however, in the fully sense of the word bad… It consists in some defect or ugliness which is not painful or destructive.”
• Comedy imitates the imperfect and grotesque; however, it does not cause harm or hurt.
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Aristotle’s Poetics - Tragedy• Aristotle praises Oedipus the King as
the model of a perfect tragedy.
• Using Sophocles’ play, Aristotle defined tragedy as “an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude.”
• He also stated that tragedy triggers two emotions: pity and fear.
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History of Tragedy• Tragedy stems from earlier drama that
was religious in nature.
• The original religious plays usually dealt with issues regarding fate in human life and the relationship between gods and mortals.
• Greek tragedies maintain these qualities.
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Tragic Hero
• A tragic hero is a dignified or noble character who is central to the drama.
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Tragic Flaw
• The tragic hero possesses a defect, or TRAGIC FLAW, that brings about or contributes to his or her own downfall.
• Examples: poor judgment, pride, greed, narcissism, etc.
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Tragic Flaw continued…• The flaw may also be something that is
otherwise valued in society, but the tragic hero possess too much/an extreme version of the flaw.
• For example: Ambition in MacbethAmbition is often an admirable quality, but in Shakespeare’s play, the tragic hero, Macbeth, possesses too much, which ultimately leads to his death.
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Dramatic Irony
• Often, the hero is unaware of some information that the audience knows.
• This may include knowing that the character possesses too much of a particular trait.
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Catharsis• Definition: a purifying or
figurative cleansing of the emotions, especially as an effect of tragic drama.
• Arguably, one of the reasons why we need art: to cope with those things that would be otherwise too difficult to process.
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Catharsis• We enjoy watching tragedies
because we can empathize with the emotions the tragic hero undergoes throughout the drama.
• We feel what the hero feels, yet we do not have to endure the trial that the hero endures.
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Other definitions from Poetics: Plot = action; “the soul of a tragedy”
Character = ethos; distinct qualities that are ascribed to “an agent”
Thought = something that is proven to be or not to be or a generally accepted truth. The argument or main idea.
Diction = meaning of words (word choice)
Spectacle = the setting
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Homework:
Review Aristotle’s Poetics.
Study his definitions of the provided key terms.
Be prepared for tomorrow’s quiz.
Bring your textbook to class tomorrow.