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Transcript of AP Human Geography Week #5 Fall 2015. AP Human Geography 10/5/15 OBJECTIVE: Examine population...
![Page 1: AP Human Geography Week #5 Fall 2015. AP Human Geography 10/5/15 OBJECTIVE: Examine population growth. APHugII-B.1&2 Language Objective:](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56649f265503460f94c3e290/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AP Human Geography Week #5
Fall 2015
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AP Human Geography 10/5/15http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Examine population growth. APHugII-B.1&2
• Language Objective: Write about population.• I. Journal#10pt.A -Watch the following: -Hans Rosling and the magic washing machine• II. Journal#10pt.B
-notes on population growth• III. Homework: Read p.50-57
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• In 1798 he published An Essay on the Principle of Population
• Malthus was the first to sound the alarm that the world’s population was expanding more rapidly than food production.
• He was the first to recognize exponential or geometric population growth.
• Today those who share his concerns are Neo-Malthusians
Rev. Thomas Malthus 1766-1834
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Second Agricultural Revolution and Industrial Revolution
• 18th century gains in agricultural production:– Crop yields improved with better farming methods– New crops such as potatoes, turnips and alfalfa– Storage and distribution improved which alleviated
famines and shortages.
• Industrial Revolution was also a factor:– Improved sanitation– Improved medical care– Disease prevention such as smallpox vaccine
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• Demographic cycles of population growth– Stage 1 High Stationary Growth with high birth rates 40/1000 or
higher and high death rates.– Stage 2 Early Expanding with high birth rates and declining
death rates (birth 40s/death 20/1000) = rapid growth in pop.– Stage 3 Late Expanding with declining birth rates (30s) and low
death rates (10) = still significant growth– Stage 4 Low Stationary has low birth rates and low death rates
(birth 15 and death 10 or lower) SPL Stationary Population Level
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The Demographic Transition
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Population Data• Before 1750 Death rates were 35 and Birth
rates were 39 per 1,000 a rate of increase of .4% or a doubling time of 150 years.
• By 1850 Death rates were 16 and Birth rates were 36 with a rate of increase of 2% and a doubling time of 35 years.
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Important terms• Natural increase rate (NIR)-the % by which a population grows
in a year. Computed by subtracting the % of CBR-CDR.• Total Fertility Rate (TFR)-the number of children born to
women of childbearing age-usually reported as a percentage.• Dependency ratio-the number of people who are too young or too
old to work compared to the number of people old enough to work.
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Crude Death Rates
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Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 to 2.5 children per woman is considered “replacement level.”
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• Maternal mortality ratio is the greatest health disparity between the developed and developing countries.
• The World Health Organization reports that 600,000 women die each year from complications of pregnancy.
• Social, cultural and economic barriers prevent women in the developing countries from receiving proper health care.
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Homework Tonight
• Read p.50-57
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AP Human Geography 10/6/15http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Examine population pyramids. APHugII-B.3
• Language objective: Write about population pyramids.• I. Journal#11pt.A -Watch the following -Hans Rosling: The good news of the decade? • II. Journal#11pt.B -notes on population growth• Homework: Read p.57-62• NOTICE: Chapter#2 Test Monday October 12th
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Population Pyramids –
Charts that show the percentages of each age group in the total population, divided by gender.
For poorer countries, the chart is shaped like a pyramid. Infant mortality rates are high, life expectancy is shorter.
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• Population Pyramids-display a country’s population in a bar graph form.
• Each 5 year group with the youngest 0-4 years old at the base of the pyramid are called cohorts.
• Males are shown on the left side and females are shown on the right.
• A wide-based pyramid indicates a country in Stage 2 of the Demographic transition.
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Population Pyramids
Charts that show the percentages of each age group in the total population, divided by gender.
For wealthier countries, the chart is shaped like a lopsided vase. Population is aging, TFRs are declining.
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United States 2010
http://tfw.cachefly.net/snm/images/nm/pyramids/us-2010.png
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• Four Patterns of Population Structure• Each nation faces different problems due to a large
base with many young or negative growth.
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U.S. Baby Boom
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/B/BabyBoom75.gif
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Russia’s Population
http://yanziyang.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/rs-2010.png
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Russia’s Population
http://www.stat.fi/tup/suomi90/joulukuu_en_001.jpg
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In poorer countries, Infant Mortality Rates are usually high, which is reflected in the
pyramid shape.
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In poorer countries, Life Expectancy is usually shorter, which is also reflected in the
pyramid shape.
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Affect of AIDS on population pyramid for
South Africa.
Predicted population for 2035, without and with
AIDS.
With AIDS, looks like a population “chimney.”
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AIDS is leaving large numbers of AIDS orphans.
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• 1995 Population Pyramids reflect the economic prosperity of Western Europe and the less developed countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. In the mid-1990s almost 50% of Africa’s population was under 15 years of age.
• By contrast the number of people 65 and older in Western Europe is 5 times that of sub-Saharan Africa.
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Age Structure of a Population• The populations of many countries are aging.
- eg. Europe
- eg. Japan
Bordeaux, France
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U.N. Millennium Goals
http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/
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Homework Tonight
• Read p.57-62• Begin Ch#2 Review
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AP Human Geography 10/7/15http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Examine population policies. APHugII-B.2,3&5
• Language objective: Write about population.• I. Journal#12 pt.A -Watch the following: -Frontline: Opium Brides• II. Quiz#7• III. Journal#12 pt.B
-notes on population policies• Homework: Read p.63-70• NOTICE: Chapter#2 Test Monday October 12th!
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U.N. Millennium Goals
http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/
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Population Policies • Under Mao, China refused to
cooperate in pop. Control-viewed it as a “capitalist plot”
• Soviets in 1970s promoted population growth due to the loss of 26 million in WWII, Stalin exterminated another 30 million farmers, political opponents, etc.-gave awards for women with 10 or more kids.
• US Reagan, a conservative, refused to support family planning
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Population Policies• Expansive Policies or Pro-
Natalist policies encourage large families e.g. Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, Soviet Union & Ceausescu’s Romania & Mao’s China.
• Eugenic Population Policy-Nazi Germany favored “Aryans” over mentally ill or other undesirables.
• The Nazis tried to breed the super race of Nordic or Aryan types.
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Population Policies• Restrictive or Anti-Natalist
Policies discourage births.• Policies vary- e.g. despite
Vatican policies, most Catholic Italians practice artificial birth control-Philippines (only Asian Catholic country) a different case-govt. restricts birth control.
• Some countries have learned that industrialization & urbanization do as much as government policy in controlling births.
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Geography of Demography• Mao Zedong encouraged
population growth-after his death Deng Xiaoping called for control.
• 1979 launched the One Child Policy with goal of stabilizing at 1.2 billion by end of 20th cent.
• 1970s growth rate 2.4%• 1985 growth rate 1.1%• After 1982 more serious
enforcement-mandatory contraception after 1st child.
• If a 2nd child was born-parents were sterilized.
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China’s One Child PolicyWhat are some of the limitations, unintended consequences, and contradictions found in government policies toward population
growth?
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Geography of Demography• Recognized minorities (3%)
of pop. were exempt• Many rural Chinese defied
rule, hid pregnant women, failed to register births, prevented inspectors from visiting rural villages.
• Government took drastic action:– Violators were fired– Land was confiscated– Lost all benefits– Pregnant women were arrested
& forced to have abortions
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Geography of Demography• First 6 years 70 million
abortions • 1980s about 20 million
sterilizations a year-3X as many women as men.
• Party Members were birth control police-got cash and promotion for enforcing the laws.
• 1984 One Child Policy was relaxed in the countryside-a couple with a daughter-2nd child after 4 years.
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Geography of Demography• Corruption a major problem-
permitted to evade rule-bribe.• Fertility rates are rising as the
rules are relaxed.• One Child Policy was
practical-but rural tradition opposed the rule.
• Drive for Zero Population Growth eroded the traditions of Chinese society.
• Female infanticide a common occurrence.
Bottom Chinese woman recently released from jail for having 2nd child
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Homework Tonight
• Read p.63-70• Continue working on
Ch#2 Review
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AP Human Geography 10/8/15http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Continue examination of population policies. APHugII-B.5
• Language Objective: Write about population policy.• I. Journal#13 pt.A -Read the following: -What's Driving the Decline in U.S. Population growth?• II. Journal#13 pt.B
-notes on population policies• Homework: Finish reading Chapter#2 • NOTICE: Chapter#2 Test Monday!
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When Tests Are Out
• 1.) No Phones• 2.) No Phones• 3.) If your phone is
out, you will get negative 100 points on the test!
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Population Growth Rate 2013
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Geography of Demography
• China’s One-Child Policy created a generation of 90 million
• 119 boys for every 100 girls• 30 million unmarried men by
2020• 45% of Chinese women said
they don’t intend to wed.• 3/10 families have
grandparents living with them• Biggest demographic
revolution in history-Number of Elderly is rising-by 2050 about 30% of the population will be over 60-no pensions or social security.
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Fun Facts• Beijing also enforces a 1 dog per family
rule-must be less than 14 inches tall.• China’s only children will have to support
two parents and perhaps 4 grandparents.
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Population ofGermany, 1989
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• Attendants or “pushers” on the Japan Train system.
• Despite having a declining population, Japan has a very high population density.
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• Japan has a problem of an aging population & low birth rates.
• Japanese govt. bars immigration of foreign workers-solution automation-but it won’t solve the problem of an aging population.
• Singapore imposed a campaign of sterilization & abortion to curb growth-it worked.Singapore skyline and harbor
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Low Growth in DenmarkSince the 1970s, with little population growth since then. Its
population pyramid shows increasing numbers of elderly and few children.
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deblij_ch02_table01
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Top 10 Leading Causes of Death in America - 2007 (2010)
1.) Heart Disease 616,067 (25.4%) 2.) Cancer 562,875 (23.2%) 3.) Stroke 135,952 (5.6%) 4.) Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases (Lung Diseases) 127,924 (5.3%) 5.) Accidents 123,706 (5.1%) 6.) Alzheimer's Disease 74,632 (3.1%) 7.) Diabetes 71,382 (2.9%) 8.) Influenza and Pneumonia 52,717 (2.2%) 9.) Kidney Disease 46,448 (1.9 percent) 10.) Septicemia (infection of the blood) 34,828 (1.4 percent)
http://www.howtolivealongerlife.com/2009/07/leading-causes-of-death-in-us.html
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Population Pyramid of US Baby Boomers, 1960-2040• Pyramids can be based
on current, past or future projections.
• Note the progression of the baby boomer cohorts as they age.
• Note that the pyramid becomes a column by the year 2040 as birth rates remain below death rates for each cohort.
• Note also the significant number of women compared to men in the oldest age groups
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Homework Tonight
• Finish Reading Chapter#2.
• Study for Ch#2 Test on Monday October 12th
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AP Human Geography 10/9/15http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Complete examination of population policies. APHugII-A.3&4 C.1.
• Language Objective: Write about population.• I. Watch the following: -Hans Rosling Brings Life, Humor, Sword-Swallowing to Global Health Statistics• II. Quiz#8• III. FRQ Day#4
-2013#2
• Homework: Study for the Ch#2 Test• NOTICE: Chapter#2 Test Monday!
![Page 59: AP Human Geography Week #5 Fall 2015. AP Human Geography 10/5/15 OBJECTIVE: Examine population growth. APHugII-B.1&2 Language Objective:](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56649f265503460f94c3e290/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Homework Tonight
• Complete Ch#2 Review.• Study for Ch#2 Test on
Monday October 6th
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AP Human Geography 10/3/14http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Review concepts in the second half of Chapter#2. APHugII-A,B,&C.
• Language Objective: Write about Pakistan.• I. Administrative Stuff
-Attendance.• II. Quiz#8• III. Film: Frontline
-Outlawed in Pakistan• NOTICE: Chapter#2 Test Monday October 6th!
![Page 61: AP Human Geography Week #5 Fall 2015. AP Human Geography 10/5/15 OBJECTIVE: Examine population growth. APHugII-B.1&2 Language Objective:](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56649f265503460f94c3e290/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Homework Tonight
• Study for Ch#2 Test on Monday October 6th