Name:_____________________________

Study Guide Unit Four: Political Organization of Space

1. A sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland._____________________

2. A state that encompasses a very small area._______________________________________

3. A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory.________________________

4. A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent.______________________

5. Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states.______________________

6. An area organized into a political unit & ruled by an established government w/control over its internal & foreign affairs.__________________________

7. An internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local governments._________________________

8. An otherwise compact state w/a large projecting extension.________________________

9. Attempt by one country to establish settlements & to impose its political, economic, & cultural principles in another territory._________________________________

10. Condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries. ____________________

11. Control of territory already occupied & organized by an indigenous society.____________________

12. Internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials._______________________________

13. Invisible line that marks the extent of a state’s territory.______________________________

14. Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power. _________________________

15. State in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly.______________________

16. State that completely surrounds another one._____________________________

17. State that does not have a direct outlet to the sea._________________________________

18. State with a long, narrow shape._____________________________

19. Zone separating 2 states in which neither state exercises political control._______________

1. Define State:

2. Define Sovereignty:

3. Explain how each of the following demonstrates the problem of defining a state.

a. Korea

b. China & Taiwan

c. Western Sahara

4. Trace the development of the state concept.

5. Define the following:

a. Colony:

b. Colonialism:

c. Imperialism:

6. List three reasons that European states established colonies.

Chapter 8: Political Geography

Key Issue 1: Where Are States Located? (page 247)

a.

b.

c.

7. When did most African and Asian colonies gain independence from Europe?

8. Make a generalization about the few remaining colonies.

9. What is a boundary?

10. Contrast a frontier and a boundary.

11. List the 3 main types of physical boundaries and a problem with each one.

a.

b.

c.

12. List and give an example of the three main types of cultural boundaries.

a.

b.

c.

13. Draw and describe the following shapes of states and provide an example of each along with an advantage and a disadvantage.

a. Compact b. Prorupted: c. Elongated: d. Fragmented: e. Perforated: f. Landlocked

Key Issue 2: Where Are Boundaries Drawn Between States? (page 254)

Shape(draw in the box below)

Example (real life) Advantage Disadvantage

Compact

Prorupted

Elongated

Fragmented

Perforated

Landlocked

14. Why is there a UN patrolled buffer zone (boundary) in Cyprus?

15. Give an example of an ethnicity divided among several states and where do they live?

Key Issue 3: Why Do Boundaries Between States Cause Problems? (page 261)

16. Define unitary state. Give a strength and a weakness of this type of state using France as an example.

a. (Define)

b. (Strength)

c. (Weakness)

17. Define federal state. Give a strength and a weakness of this type of state using Poland as an example.

a. (Define)

b. (Strength)

c. (Weakness)

1. According to your text, what is the biggest threat to the survival of the “state” concept?

2. When was the United Nations (U.N.) created and what was its purpose?

3. Describe the purpose of the following regional alliances:

a. NATO

b. Warsaw Pact

Key Issue 4: Why Do States Cooperate With Each Other? (page 268)

c. OAS

d. OAU

4. List two ways the contemporary world’s pattern of global power is different than it has been in the past.

a.

b.

5. What is the European Union and what is its purpose?

6. Describe how the former communist countries present a challenge to the European Union.

Sharma VocabularyAnnexation Antarctica Apartheid Balkanization Border landscape Boundary, disputes (definitional, locational, operational, allocational) Boundary, origin (antecedent, subsequent, superimposed, relic) Boundary, process (definition, delimitation, demarcation) Boundary, type (natural/physical, ethnographic/cultural, geometric) Buffer state Capital Centrifugal Centripetal City-state Colonialism Confederation Conference of Berlin (1884) Core/periphery Decolonization Devolution Domino theory EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) Electoral regions Enclave/exclave Ethnic conflict European Union Federal Forward capital Frontier Geopolitics Gerrymander Global commons Heartland/rimland Immigrant states International organization Iron Curtain Irredentism Israel/Palestine Landlocked Law of the Sea Lebanon Mackinder, Halford J. Manifest destiny Median-line principle Microstate Ministate Nation National iconography Nation-state Nunavut Raison d’être Reapportionment Regionalism Religious conflict Reunification Satellite state Self-determination Shatterbelt Sovereignty State Stateless ethnic groups Stateless nation Suffrage Supranationalism Territorial disputes Territorial morphology (compact, fragmented, elongated, prorupted, perforated)

Territoriality Theocracy Treaty ports UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea)

Kuby Vocabulary:

FRQ 2002

A. Discuss the development of the modern concept of the state.

B. What are the major types of physical and cultural boundaries, and what conflicts can occur between states because of the manner in which boundaries are drawn?

C. What geographic elements contributed to the development of the United States and Soviet Union/Russia as superpowers, and what geographic elements contribute to the weakness of these two countries?

D. Describe how the U.S.-led war in Iraq has demonstrated the importance of understanding conditions at scales that exist between the two extremes of global and local.

2005 FRQ #1

2006 FRQ #3

Short Essay Questions

IV. Unit IV: Political Organization of Space . (13–17% of APHG Exam)

A. Territorial dimensions of politics1. The concepts of political power and territoriality2. The nature, meaning, and function of boundaries3. Influences of boundaries on identity, interaction, and

exchange4. Federal and unitary states, confederations, centralized

government, andforms of governance

5. Spatial relationships between political systems and patterns of ethnicity,

economy, and gender6. Political ecology: impacts of law and policy on the

environment andenvironmental justice

B. Evolution of the contemporary political pattern1. The nation-state concept2. Colonialism and imperialism3. Democratization4. Fall of communism and legacy of the Cold War5. Patterns of local, regional, and metropolitan governance

C. Changes and challenges to political-territorial arrangements1. Changing nature of sovereignty2. Fragmentation, unification, and cooperation3. Supranationalism and international alliances4. Devolution of countries: centripetal and centrifugal forces5. Electoral geography: redistricting and gerrymandering6. Armed conflicts, war, and terrorism