AP European History - Unit 8 TestMultiple Choice. Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.

1.Which of the following resulted for the Russian Revolution of 1905?a. Emancipation of the serfsb. Legalization of the Bolshevik Partyc. Universal suffraged. A free presse. The creation of the Duma

2.The "Bloody Sunday" demonstration of 1905, held in St. Petersburg, wasa. the incident that started the 1905 Russian Revolutionb. instigated by the Bolsheviks so as to put themselves at the head of the workers' movement.c. aimed at overthrowing the Tsard. all of the above

3.The Tsar's government helped to quell the 1905 Revolution by issuing the October Manifesto, which

a. provided for sweeping labor reforms.b. promised a constitution with civil liberties and a parliament.c. pledged to punish only the most radical elements in the revolt.d. promised an immediate end to the war with Japan.

4.The history of the four Russian Dumas, or parliaments, (1906-1916) indicated that

a. socialism and radicalism had little support in Russia.b. the government could manipulate the electoral process to obtain the kind of Duma it wished.c. the Cadets, or Liberals, enjoyed the support of most of the Russian people.d. no party or group of parties could form a majority.

5.Stolypin's reform policy did all of the following EXCEPT

a. abolished what was left of the peasants' redemption paymentsb. authorized the peasants to sell their share of rights in the commune or mir and to buy land

freelyc. favored the rise of the class of "big farmers"d. ended the problem of land shortage and land hunger

6. In the Russian revolutions of 1905 and 1917, what was a "soviet"?

a. a follower of Lenin and the Bolsheviksb. the smallest organizational unit of the Bolshevik partyc. a council of workers and soldiersd. a unit of the Red Army

7.Lenin's appeal to the people of Russia centered on

a. ending the war and giving land to the peasants and power to the soviets.b. giving all power to the Duma.c. victory over Germany through renewed war effort.d. support of the Kornilov plot against Kerensky.

8.As a result of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Russia a. acquired considerable territory.b. re-entered the war on the German side.c. agreed to spread the revolution to western Europe.d. lost one-third of its population.

9.Because backward Russia was largely unprepared for an advanced Marxist revolution, Lenin’s goals included

a. Nationalization of land and factoriesb. The use of secret police to find counter-revolutionariesc. The establishment of democratic decision making in the local sovietsd. A and b

10. After the Bolshevik seized power in the fall of 1917 theya. Welcomed the aid of other Russian socialist movementsb. Decided to make peace with the Germansc. Offered all Russians a chance to buy their own land or businessd. Dissolved the local soviets as unnecessary not that the revolution had arrivede. All of the above

11. Which of the following best describes Lenin’s New Economic Policy?a. The first systematic application of Marxist principles top the economic life of a stateb. The First Five-Year Plan for Soviet economic developmentc. A state plan for collectivization of agricultured. A compromise with capitalist economic principlese. An important element of Lenin’s “April Theses”

12. Lenin’s New Economic Policy did not includea. A tax in kind on peasantsb. Disposal of agriculture surplus for profit on open marketsc. Small retail concerns allowed to run as private businessesd. Denationalization of factories

13. Despite the fact that Lenin favored Trotsky, Stalin became the next soviet leader becausea. He was a brilliant theoretician of Marxismb. He was a successful military leaderc. He was a good organizer and had the loyality of party officialsd. Trotsky repudiated communism

14. Lenin did not believe thata. The Bolsheviks were a disciplined elite leading the Revolutionb. Imperialism was a symptom of capitalist decayc. World War I was a civil war among capitalistsd. The Revolution would have to be secured in Russia alone, since the other Eurpoean countries

were unlikely to experience communism

15. Lenin's New Economic Policy in the early 1920sa. put Russia on the path of rapid industrialization at the expense of the

peasantry.b. was a modified form of the capitalist system and implicitly acknowledged the

economic failures of early Russian Communism.c. forced Communism to move forward as both industry and agriculture were

nationalized.d. failed to reverse the patterns of famine and industrial collapse that began in

1921.

ANS: B REF: page(s) 758

16. The Russian Revolution of 1917 was similar to the French Revolution of 1789 in all of the following, EXCEPT that it

a. was a movement of liberation.b. addressed its message to all the world.c. showed a comparable pattern of revolutionary politics.d. was begun by professional revolutionaries.

17. A minority of the Russian peasantry, which were more enterprising and wealthier, were called

a. kulaks.b. zemstvos.c. soviets.d. Nepmen.

AP European HistoryUnit 8 Test

2

18. The greatest mistake of the Russian provisional government wasa. Continuing the war effort b. Confiscating and redistributing noble landsc. Instituting legal and political equalityd. Suppressing the Petrograd Soviet

19. Kerensky's Provisional Government was short-lived for all the following reasons, EXCEPT a. it lacked popular support.b. it was blamed for General Kornilov's attempt at counterrevolution.c. it failed to solve the food problem.d. it failed to continue the war effort.

20. The institution whose approval Lenin used to gain a modicum of legitimacy for his seizure of power in October 1917 was

a. the Constituent Assemblyb. the Congress of Sovietsc. the factory committeesd. the Provisional Government

21. The Red Terror

a. aimed at the physical extermination of all who opposed Lenin's regime.b. exterminated thousands of revolutionaries.c. continued long after the Revolution was secure.d. all of the above.

22. During the Russian Civil War of 1918-22 A. 45,000 Bulgarians inside Russia refused to disarm and join the anti-Bolshevik forces B. the Japanese occupied Vladivostok C. Poland captured Moscow D. France and Britain occupied Petrograd 23. Grigorii Rasputin was indicative of the

a. interests of the educated middle class.b. growing power of the Bolshevik party.c. role of the Petrograd Soviet.d. decadence of the imperial government.

24. The Bolsheviks were able to seize power for all of the following reasons EXCEPTa. anarchy in Russia.b. the leadership of Lenin and Trotsky.c. their appeal to soldiers and urban workers.d. the threat of counterrevolution.

25. Civil war against the Bolshevik regime was fueled mostly bya. Lenin's ratification of land confiscation by the peasants.b. hatred of the peace treaty with Germany.c. the disbanding of the Constituent Assembly by the Bolsheviksd. the propaganda efforts and material support of the Allied Powers.

26. The February Revolution of 1917 begana. when food riots broke out in Petrograd.b. when the Bolsheviks, under Lenin's direction, seized the central telephone office in Petrograd.c. with the assassination of Nicholas II.d. with the assassination of Rasputin.

AP European HistoryUnit 8 Test

3

27. Bolshevik victory in the civil war can be attributed to all of the following factors excepta. Allied refusal to interveneb. Trotsky’s creation of an effective armyc. Mobilization of the economyd. The use of terror to crush opponents

28. Under the New Economic Policy adopted by Lenin in 1921a. the peasants were allowed to sell their farm products at a profitb. the state controlled the basic industriesc. middlemen were permitted to buy and sell products at market pricesd. all of the above

29. Stalin's theory of "socialism in one country"

a. was originally proposed by Leon Trotskyb. argued that the Soviet Union could build socialism on its ownc. maintained that the success of socialism depended on world revolutiond. was rejected by the Communist Party

30. Stalin's First Five-Year Plan

a. liquidated the more prosperous farmers, or kulaks, as a class.b. increased the amount of livestock in the Soviet Union.c. increased agricultural output to pre-1913 levels.d. doubled agricultural production.

31. By 1939 Soviet Russia, owning to the accomplishments of the First, Second, and Third Five Year Plans, ranked third among the world’s industrial nationals behind

a. Great Britain and the Untied Statesb. The United States and Japanc. The United States and Germanyd. Great Britain and Germanye. Great Britain and France

32. Stalin’s transformation of the Soviet Union in the 1930’s did not include a. Forbidding peasants to have individual plots or private toolsb. Reducing some of the freedoms of women, students, and intellectuals, that had characterized the

1920sc. Purging the Communist party of reactionariesd. Instituting some of the work [practices associate with capitalist businesses

33. Joseph Stalin's emergence as leader of the Communist party was aided bya. Lenin's recommendation that he become sole leader.b. his alliance with Trotsky and the Right in the Politburo.c. his position as general secretary of the Bolshevik party.d. strong support of the left in the Politburo, which favored the spread of

Communism abroad.

ANS: C REF: page(s) 759

34.The Stalinist era in the 1930's witnesseda. the decline of industrialization in favor of the collectivization of agriculture.b. real wages and social conditions for the industrial labor force improve

dramatically.c. millions of ordinary citizens arrested and sent into force labor camps.d. an abundance of permissive social legislation.

ANS: C REF: page(s) 759

35.The collectivization of agriculture under Stalin was characterized bya. widespread famine due to peasant hoarding and slaughter of livestock.b. the cooperation of kulaks.AP European HistoryUnit 8 Test

4

c. the destruction of the collective farms.d. the immediate financial benefits for most of the peasants.

ANS: A REF: page(s) 759

36. The purges carried out in the Soviet Union during the 1930s resulted in a. the protection of ideological diversity within the Communist Partyb. improvements in military preparedness.c. a decrease in the size of bureaucracy.d. elimination of the old Bolshevik elite.e. An enhanced Soviet image abroad.

37. The first and second Five-Year Plansa. resulted in the fastest industrial growth of any country in history.b. brought a modernization of life to inner Asia.c. revolutionized transportation in the Soviet Union.d. all of the above.

38. The consequences of Stalin's Five-Year Plans included all of the following, except a. capital wealth, paid for by collectivized agriculture, grew, while consumer goods production

languished.b. agricultural production doubled c. the industrialization of Asiatic Russia occurred for the first time.d. many millions of workers and peasants died.

39. With the formation of the USSR, the Soviet authoritiesa. instituted a federal system of government in which each constituent republic was sovereign.b. expanded the authority of the republics, short of granting sovereignty.c. concentrated all political and economic authority in the central government.d. none of the above.

40. In practice, the center of power in the Soviet Union resided in the

a. Supreme Soviet and its Presidiumb. general secretary of the Communist party and the Politburoc. Soviet of Nationalities and the general secretaryd. Central committee of the Communist party and the premier

AP European HistoryUnit 8 Test

5

Essay. Please answer one of the following in a complete and factually detailed essay

AP European HistoryUnit 8 Test

6