Chapter 20 French Revolution

Section 3 World War and Republican France

Foreign Reactions to the French Revolution: Diverse Reactions-Liberal

-Mostly in favor of the revolution-Example, most of the United States supported

-Conservatives-Not in Favor-Example: Edmund Burke

-Change must be evolutionary not revolutionary-Drastic and forced change will only lead to chaos and tyranny

-Emigres -Aristocrats/Nobles who fled France during Revolution

-Many from other Countries Feared and Detested the French Revolution…..WHY?

http://www.anselm.edu/academic/history/hdubrulle/modernbritain/text/generalinfo/gallery02.htm

http://thedisorderofthings.com/2014/02/27/ah-ca-ira-ca-ira/

-Declaration of Pillnitz-Prussia and Austria threatened to invade France and restore Monarchy

-Brunswick Manifesto-Commander of Prussian Military threaten to destroy Paris if King is harmed.

How would France Respond to such a strong statement?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Manifeste_de_Brunswick_caricature_1792.jpg

Outbreak of War and Panic-France responded to this threat by declaring war on Austria-Early defeats and widespread panic-King and family try to flee France, deemed a traitor

September Massacres

-Riots throughout countryside resulting in death of 1200 aristocrats

Paris Commune-Radical local government created in Paris

-Formed to protect revolution-Urged creation of a new government

-Election of a New National Assembly: National Convention-Younger and More radical Members-Elected on Universal Male Suffrage-Arrested and Imprisoned King For Treason

Trial of King Louis XVI

http://e-ducation.datapeak.net/scientists/convention.gif

Marks the 2nd Revolution1. Fall of the Monarchy 2. Rapid Radicalization of the Revolution

Rise of the San Culottes - Radical, Militant, Urban Working Class of Paris- Men wore trousers, not knee breeches- Mob Violence- Wanted Social, Political and Economic Equality

-“A man who has no mansions, no lackeys to wait on him, and lives quite simply”

-Citizen and Citizeness

-Rise to power in Paris Commune

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sans-culottes

a. National Convention declares France a Republici. Political Divisions within the Jacobin Club:

1. Girondists (Moderate)2. The Mountain (Radical) led by Maximillien Robespierre and Georges

Danton

http://nobility.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/800px-Danton_Marat_Robespierre_Lambinet.jpg

3. The Plain (Undecided Middle)ii. Fate of King For Treason

1. Girondists- King is guilty, NO EXECUTION2. Mountain- King is guilty, MUST BE EXECUTED3. The Mountain aligned themselves with Sans Culottes

b. January 21, 1793 “Vive la Republic”1. King Louis is executed by Guillotine

Total War and Total Terror-France was at war seemingly with entire Europe

-First Coalition: Austria, Prussia, Great Britain, Spain, Sardinia, and Holland-Walls were closing in on all sides

http://www.napoleonicsociety.com/english/benjaminwlderhy1.html

Committee of Public Safety

http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large/committee-of-public-safety-granger.jpg

-Created by National Convention-Run by Maximillien Robespierre-Protect France and Revolution from External and Internal Threats

1. Planned Economy (Socialism in a sense)-Prepare France for War-Heavy Government Regulation

1. Prices fixed on bread2. All worked, produced weapons and ammunition3. Government rations, requisitioned raw materials, nationalized shops

http://lowres.cartoonstock.com/death-guillotine-french_revolution-decapitation-decapitations-bowling-pknn567_low.jpg

https://freeman-pedia.wikispaces.com/file/view/Reign%20of%20Terror.png/351691144/223x150/Reign%20of%20Terror.png

2. Reign of Terror:

“Terror is nothing more than prompt, severe, inflexible justice”

-Tried and punished all enemies of the nation/revolution

-Enemies of Robespierre -Danton

-Marie Antoinette -Girondists

-300,000 Arrested-40,000 Executed (Guillotine)

-8% Nobles-14% Bourgeoisie-6% Clergy-70% Peasants

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RAUByipe0W0/TqLWj08UShI/AAAAAAAADKQ/F5NFk77FC6Y/s400/funny-pictures-history-robespierre.jpg

Reforming French Life-Eliminate all threats and ideas of traditional France-Patriotic Revolutionary Art, Songs, Holidays, etc.-New Calendar:-10 day weeks- Day/Year 1: Birth of Republic- New names for months-Dechristianization- Eliminate Catholicism - Cult of Reason -Churches and Land Sold -Religious Symbols Destroyed -Clergy Persecuted-Notre Dame: Temple of Reason

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Reason

3. Inspired Nationalism- France’s war effort became an all-out effort-800,000 Man Army, outnumbered opponents 4:1-Victory by overwhelming numbers-France is saved from external invasion

http://elcadillacnegro.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/aragorn-y-el-ejc3a9rcito-de-los-muertos.jpg

http://www.executedtoday.com/images/Robespierre_executed_1.jpg

The Thermidorian Reaction and the Directory: Thermidor 9- “Down with the Tyrant”

-The leader of the Terror and Mass Executions: Maximillien Robespierre is guillotined-Ends the Reign of Terror

-Economic Controls were loosened-Catholicism was returned-New Government from National Assembly: The Directory

-5 Man Executive Council