AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

EARTH’S INTERDEPENDENT SYSTEMSAP EXAM VOCABULARY REVIEW

Answer the following questions on a sheet of paper by matching the term with the correct definition/description.Check your answers by the final slide.

Questions 1-6:A. abiotic D. A horizon

B. acid E. alkaline C. air mass F. aquifer

1. any compound that releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

2. related to factors or things that are separate and independent from living things; nonliving

3. underground layer of porous rock, sand, or other material that allows movement of water between layers of nonporous rock or clay

4. formed of weathered rock, with some organic material; often referred to as topsoil

5. enormous bodies of air that move as a unit6. substance that absorbs hydrogen ions or releases

hydroxyl ions

Questions 7 – 12:A. arable D. barrier islandB. asthenosphere E. biological

weatheringC. atmosphere F. biotic

7. any weathering that’s caused by the activities of living organisms

8. land that’s fit to be cultivated9. gaseous mass or envelope surrounding a celestial

body10. living or derived from living things11. long, narrow island running parallel to mainland

built by action of waves and currents12. part of mantle that lies just below the lithosphere

Questions 13- 18:A. B horizon D. clay

B. chemical weathering E. climate C. C horizon F. conduction

13. finest soil, made up of particles that are less than 0.002 mm in diameter

14. transfer of something through a medium or passage without perceptible motion of the medium itself

15. receives minerals and organic materials that are leached out of A horizon

16. weather conditions, temperature & precipitation, that remain constant over 30 years or more

17. made up of larger pieces of rock that have not undergone much weathering

18. result of chemical interaction with bedrock; typical of action of both water and atmospheric gases

Questions 19 – 24:A. convection D. coral reef

B. convection currents E. Coriolis effectC. convergent boundary F. crop rotation

19. vertical movement of a mass of matter because of heating & cooling

20. practice of alternating crops grown on a piece of land to replenish soil nutrients

21. plate boundary where 2 plates are moving toward each other

22. air current caused by vertical movement of air due to atmospheric heating & cooling

23. erosion resistant marine ridge consisting of compacted coral together with algal material & biochemically deposited magneisum and calcium carobnate

24. deflection of an object moving above the earth, rightward in the Northern Hemisphere and leftward in Southern Hemisphere

Questions 25- 30:A. delta D. drip irrigationB. divergent boundary E. earthquakeC. doldrums F. El Nino

25. climate variation that takes place in tropical Pacific about every 3 to 7 years for duration of about 1 year

26. region of ocean near equator, characterized by calms, light winds, or squalls

27. usually triangular alluvial deposit at mouth of river

28. result of vibrations that release energy from within earth

29. plate boundary where plates are moving away from each other

30. method of supplying water through tubes that literally drip water onto soil at base of each plant

Questions 31-36: A. erosion D. Green Revolution

B. estuary E. greenhouse effect C. fault F. Hadley cell

31. phenomenon whereby earth’s atmosphere traps solar radiation caused by presence of atmospheric gases such as CO2, water vapor, and methane

32. place where 2 plates lie beside each other33. system of vertical & horizontal air circulation that

creates major weather patterns, mostly in tropical & subtropical regions

34. part of wide lower course of river where its current is met by tides

35. process of soil particles being carried away by wind or water

36. time after Industrial Revolution when farming became mechanized and crop yields in industrialized nations boomed as farmers began using large amounts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides

Questions 37 – 42:A. headwaters D. horizon

B. humus E. hurricane C. inner core F. insolation

37. molten core of earth38. layer of soil39. severe tropical storm originating in equatorial

regions of Atlantic Ocean or Caribbean Sea or eastern regions of Pacific Ocean, that travels north, northwest, or northeast from its point of origin; involves high speed winds and heavy rains

40. water from which a river rises; a source41. delivery rate of solar radiation per unit of

horizontal surface42. dark, crumbly, nutrient rich material that results

from decomposition of organic material

Questions 43 – 48:A. jet stream D. land degradationB. La Nina E. lithosphereC. loamy F. mantle

43. outer part of earth, consists of crust and upper mantle, about 100 km (62 miles) thick

44. deterioration of land quality caused by exploitation45. layer of earth between crust and core46. cooling of ocean surface off western coast of South

America, occurring periodically every 4 to 12 years & affecting Pacific & other weather

patterns47. high-speed, meandering wind current, generally

moving from a westerly direction at speeds often exceeding 400 km (250 miles) per hour at altitudes of 15 to 25 km (10 – 15 miles)

48. soil composed of a mixture of sand, clay, silt, and organic matter

Questions 49 – 54:A. monoculture D. monsoonB. O horizon E. plate boundaries

C. physical (mechanical) F. prior appropriation weathering

49. process that breaks rock down into smaller pieces without changing the chemistry of the rock

50. cultivation of a single crop on a farm 51. wind system that influences large climatic regions

& reverses direction seasonally52. upper most layer of soil; made up of organic

materials53. when water rights are given to those who have

historically used the water in a certain area54. edges of tectonic plates

Questions 55- 60:A. rain shadow effect D. red tideB. R horizon E. riparian right

C. salinization F. sand

55. coarsest soil, with particles 0.05 – 2.0 mm in diameter

56. low-rainfall region that exists on leeward side of a mountain range

57. right, as to fishing or to use of riverbed, of one who owns the land adjacent to a river or stream

58. bedrock, lies below all other layers of soil59. bloom of dinoflagellates that causes reddish discoloration of coastal ocean waters; can

produce toxins that kill fish & contaminate shellfish

60. when soil becomes waterlogged from excess irrigation & then dries out forming layer of salt crystals on surface

Questions 61 – 66:A. silt D. Southern OscillationB. subduction zone E. thermoclineC. thermosphere F. topsoil

61. name for A horizon of soil62. atmospheric pressure conditions corresponding

to the periodic warming of El Nino & cooling of La Nina

63. soil with particles 0.02 – 0.05 mm in diameter64. layer in large body of water that sharply

separates regions differing in temperature, so that the temperature gradient across the layer is abrupt

65. outermost shell of atmosphere, temperatures increase steadily with altitude

66. sites at which an oceanic plate is sliding under a continental plate

Questions 67 – 72:A. trade winds D. transform boundaryB. tropical storm E. upwellingC. volcanoes F. watershed

67. opening in earth’s crust through which molten lava, ash, & gases are ejected

68. region draining into a river system or other body of water

69. more or less constant winds blowing in horizontal directions over earth’s surface

70. process in which cold, often nutrient-rich, waters from ocean depths rise to surface

71. area where plates are moving/sliding past each other

72. cyclonic storm having winds ranging from approximately 48 – 121 km (30 – 75 miles) per hour

Questions 73 – 77:A. water-scarce D. wetlandsB. water-stressed E. weatherC. weathering

73. lowland area saturated with moisture such as a marsh or swamp

74. countries that have a renewable annual water supply of less than 1,000 m3 per person

75. gradual breakdown of rock into smaller and smaller particles, caused by natural chemical, physical, and biological factors

76. countries that have a renewable annual water supply of about 1,000 – 2,000 m3 per

person77. day to day variations in temperature, air

pressure, wind, humidity, & precipitation mediated by atmosphere in a given region

ANSWERS1. B 15. A 29. B 43. E 57. E 71.

D2. A 16. E 30. D 44. D 58. B 72.

B3. F 17. C 31. E 45. F 59. D 73. D4. D 18. B 32. C 46. B 60. C 74. A5. C 19. A 33. F 47. A 61. F 75. C6. E 20. F 34. B 48. C 62. D 76. B7. E 21. C 35. A 49. C 63. A 77. E8. A 22. B 36. D 50. A 64. E9. C 23. D 37. C 51. D 65. C10. F 24. E 38. D 52. B 66. B11. D 25. F 39. E 53. F 67. C12. B 26. C 40. A 54. E 68. F13. D 27. A 41. F 55. F 69. A14. F 28. E 42. B 56. A 70. E