AP Chem: Chapters 1 & 2Fundamentals of Chemistry

Please placed signed student information cards on my desk, have notebooks ready to

take notes.

AP Chem Students….

• Chapters 1 & 2 you should already know ()– Regardless, I cannot “assume” that you

automatically know the material– I WILL NOT COVER ALL THIS MATERIAL, ONLY A

SMALL PORTION AS A REVIEW. YOU WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR KNOWING ALL OF IT. YOU WILL BE TESTED ON IT.

AP CHEM FundamentalsChapter 1

• Theory vs. law vs. hypothesis– Theory: often called a model, gives an overall

explanation of a natural phenomenon– Law: sometimes called a natural law, expressed a

generally observed behavior or occurrence.– Hypothesis: One or more assumptions put forth to

explain the observed behavior of nature.

AP CHEM Fundamentals• Units of Measurement

– Quantitative measurement: uses numbers.• Must have a number and a

unit to be meaningful

– Qualitative measurement: Uses words. • Hot, big, dark, short, tall,

fat, good, bad, etc…

– SI (Systemé Internacíonal) Units of Measurements

Table 1.1, pg 8

AP CHEM Fundamentals• SI Unit Prefixes– Always use proper

prefixes when applicable

– Always use scientific notation whenever you can

– Never assume an AP grader will cut you slack on prefixes, because they wont.

AP CHEM Fundamentals• Significant Figures– Always use the correct

number of significant figures.

– AP graders will deduct point for incorrect sig figs.

– You must memorize the rules for sig figs.

– When in doubt, go to two decimal places.

AP CHEM Fundamentals

AP CHEM Fundamentals

• Temperature Scales– Kelvin: SI Unit of Temp

(Heat)– Celsius: ˚K + 273– Fahrenheit: ˚C (9/5) +32

– You need to be able to convert each to the other.

• Classification of Matter– Solid– Liquid– Gas– Plasma

• Solution• Mixture

– Heterogeneous vs. homogeneous

AP CHEM FundamentalsChapter 2

• Types of Bonds– Covalent: Sharing of

electrons• Polar: unequal

distribution of charge.

– Ionic: bonding by mutual attraction due to differing charges

– Hydrogen Bonds: attraction between molecules

AP CHEM Fundamentals• Ions– Monoatomic– Polyatomic– Anions– Cations– Oxyanions

The Mole

• Avogadro’s Number : 6.022 x 1023 • Don’t you dare ever forget that number….EVER!!!1

– 6.022 x 1023 amu = 1 gram– Atomic mass from periodic table indicates mass of

1 atom of element in u, also indicates the mass of 1 mole of atoms of element in grams.

The Mole

• How grams of oxygen are present in a 30.0 gram sample of potassium chlorate?

• How many atoms are in a 14g sample of Carbon?

• How many moles are in a sample of Potassium with 1.533 x 1064 atoms?

• How many grams are in 1.66 x 109 molecules of Magnesium Phosphate?

Week 1 “Homework”

• READ chpts 1 & 2!!• Chapter 1 Review: pg 32 #’s 17, 32, 34, 39-

42, 65,71, 82,85, 86, 89 • Chapter 2 Review: pg 75 #’s 16-22, 29, 34, 39,

59, 67, 77-87– We will work through a few together tomorrow

(Wednesday). Homework is due on Mondays. No late work accepted.

– Lab setup Thursday, Lab #1 Friday.

AP Chem

• Get a lab packet from the red table, have homework out. We will work a few problems then set up labs.