A&P Chapter 30 The Urinary System
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Transcript of A&P Chapter 30 The Urinary System
THE URINARY SYSTEM
Chapter 29A&P
OBJECTIVES
Describe the purpose and function of the urinary system
Identify the organs and the function of each List 3 processes involved in the production of
urine Normal constituents of urine. Common disorders Lifespan considerations Case study
INTRODUCTION
The urinary system consists of organs that produce and excrete urine from the body.
Urine contains waste: mostly excess water, salts and nitrogen compounds.
Primary organs are the kidneys Normal adult bladder can store up to .5 liters. Also responsible for regulating blood volume
and blood pressure. Regulates electrolytes.
ORGANS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
The components of the urinary system include :
the kidneys the ureters the urinary bladder the urethra.
MALE URINARY SYSTEM
KIDNEYS The kidneys are bean-
shaped organs located at the back of the abdominal cavity.
They lie on either side of the spinal column.
This area is known as the flank area and is against the muscles of the back.
The external kidney has a notch at the concave border known as the hilum.
The hilum is the entrance for renal artery, veins, nerves and lymphatic vessels.
INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE KIDNEY
The cortex is the outer layer; arteries, veins, convoluted tubes and glomerular capsules
The medulla is the inner layer; renal pyramids
NEPHRONS
1 million nephrons The functional unit
of the kidney Remove waste
products of metabolism from the blood plasma.
Waste products are urea, uric acid, creatinine, sodium, potassium chloride and ketone bodies.
URETERS, BLADDER AND URETHRA Ureters -tubes that
carry newly formed urine from the bladder to the kidneys.
Bladder-muscular sac that serves as a reservoir for urine; bladder stretches to accommodate urine.
Urethra- tube extends from the bladder to the external opening of the urinary system, the urinary meatus
URINE
The formation of urine has 3 processes, filtration, reabsorption and tubular secretion.
Urine consists of 95% water and 5% solid substances.
The need to urinate is usually felt at 300-350ml of urine in the bladder.
Typically 1000-1500 mL is voided daily. Observations of urine?
COMMON DISORDERS
Cystitis- inflammation of the bladder “honeymoon disease”
Glomerulonephritis- a type of kidney disease Incontinence- stress, urge, overflow, functional,
reflex and mixed Kidney stones- renal calculi caused my mineral
salt deposits in the kidneys Polycystic kidney disease- cysts develop in the
kidneys Pyelonephritis- infection of the kidney and renal
pelvis. Renal Failure- kidney do not function as they
should
LIFESPAN CONSIDERATIONS
Child At 10 weeks
gestation the kidney begin to form
Newborns kidneys are not able to concentrate urine
Kidneys are more susceptible to trauma
Diapers- more susceptible to UTI
Older Adult Kidney lose mass and the
blood vessels degenerate Kidneys lose their ability
to filter Dehydration can happen
more quickly Electrolyte balance
happens more quickly Loss of muscles tome in
urinary structures Decreased bladder
capacity
CASE STUDY
What substance was found in his urine?
If he could not pass the kidney stone, what treatment would have to be done?
What types of dietary restrictions should be followed?
THE FAR SIDE