AP Chapter 16 Deemer. Religious reformation Catholic Church was benefiting from European prosperity...
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Transcript of AP Chapter 16 Deemer. Religious reformation Catholic Church was benefiting from European prosperity...
![Page 1: AP Chapter 16 Deemer. Religious reformation Catholic Church was benefiting from European prosperity Pope Leo X raised money authorizing the sale of indulgences.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/5697bff91a28abf838cbfd29/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AP Chapter 16
Deemer
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Religious reformation
Catholic Church was benefiting from European prosperity
Pope Leo X raised money authorizing the sale of indulgences
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What is an indulgence?
Martin Luther
German Monk
Challenged the Pope on:
indulgences
anything not Christian
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Protestant Reformation
Salvation can be done on faith alone
Base the religion on God/Christian traditions and the Bible
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John Calvin
Salvation is God’s gift
predestined
Christian congregations should be self-governing
Stress simplicity in life and worship
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The Institutes of the Christian Religion
text work given in class
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The Protestant reformation
• Germans who
dis-liked Italian-dominated Catholic Church
Peasants and urban workers
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Catholic Reformation
• Council of Trent• Society of Jesus
– Jesuits
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Wars of religion
• Led by the Protestant Reformation
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Traditional thinking
Folk traditions
Judeo-Christian beliefs
Natural events caused by supernatural causes
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Witch hunts!
• Late 16 and early 17th century
• 100,000 people tried for witch craft
• ¾ women
• ½ executed
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Witch trials
• Why?
• Manifestations of fear
Of unattached women
Social Stress
Poor people wanted the “fame”/attention and wanted public attention
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Scientific revolution
• European intellectuals derived understanding from Greek and Romans
• Earth = 4 elements
• Sun, Moon, Stars , and planets rotated around the Earth
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Church in disbelief
• Protestant and Catholic churches denounce this theory
• But “print” beats religion
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Law of Gravity
• Isaac Newton• Physics• Law of Gravity
• The Scientist believed they were not in conflict w/ religion
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Early Enlightenment
Question
Past practices in agriculture
Past practices of Gov’t
Past practices of religion
Society and classes
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Enlightenment
• Opposition of this period– “Dictators”– Clergymen– “Absolutist”
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What is Enlightenment?
Intellectual movement that will influence social behavior and institutions that will be governed (controlled) by scientific laws
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The best weapon for the enlightenment to spread
Printing Press
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Social life
Wealthy urban Bourgeoisie
Trade, finance, manufacturing, and grain (new)
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Joint – Stock companies
Merchants and Government forming a partnership to become more profitable
Emergence of stock exchange will occur
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Impact of joint - stock
Trade and international affairs
Anglo-Dutch wars of the 17th century
The Navy battles w/ England
1-1-1
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The ownership of land
Bourgeois class will gain more land
Land is power!
Marry into noble families
Nobility is power!
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Peasants and laborers
Europe
Serfdom out in the West and in the East
African Slaves working in America
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The average person
Possibility with so much technology, money, trade, and other improvements that “life” declined during these 200 years in western Europe
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New World
New crops kept people from starving
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High consumption of wood
Deforestation
Cooking, ships, home, industry, heating, Navy, etc
Deforestation hurts the
Rural poor
why?
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Urban Poor
“Deserving Poor”
Permanent residents
“unworthy poor”
Beggars, migrants, peddlers, criminals
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Women
A women’s status was through her husband’s work and family
People married later because of apprenticeships and dowries
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The upper class
Married late because of males and education
How do late marriages help a society?
birth rate low
educated society
independence from family
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The bourgieos class
Emphasized schools
Choose a profession or trade
Guilds will flourish
Most cases like we have mentioned before women were excluded
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Politics anyone?
State Development1515 to 1519Charles of Burgundy descendant of Austrian Hapsburgs
Inherited the thrones of Castile and Aragon and colonial empires
Inherited the Hapsburg possessions
Inherited the position of Holy Roman Emperor
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He defeated…
The Ottomans at Vienna in 1529
But unable to unify all his territories
Also,known as Charles I of Spain
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Map 1500’s
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Lutheran Princes and more
Germany rebel against Charles
Why? Catholic and spoke
Italian
Charles will abdicate the throne
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Abdicate
• To relinquish (power or responsibility) formally.
• To relinquish formally a high office or responsibility.
• He was losing power or control over parts of his “empire”
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Split of Power
Spain will go to Philip (his son)
Weakened Holy Roman Empire will go to Ferdinand (his brother)
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Political unification
England, France, and Spain
pursue their own efforts to unify
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England France Spain
Henry VIII
Church of Eng.
catholic catholic
English Calvinists Bourbon kings develop absolute control – The estates General has limited power
Oliver Cromwell
Puritan republic
Louis XIV able to increase taxes and revenue and controlled French nobility
Glorious revolution 1688
King James II removed
All nobility and courts must attend meetings at Versailles
Spain hurts economy by driving out Jewish population, Muslims, and Protestants
Paying off creditors for goods and food being processed
Bill of Rights signed by William and Mary to limit power
Military focus
Army
New techniques
More specilaization
Military focus was placed on Army
Military focus - Navy
Defeat of Spanish Armada
In 1588
Spain’s defeat by England
France strongest power in Europe
Battle of Spanish succession
Holland becomes independent and Amsterdam does well as a major focal point of trade / shipping and finance
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Check and Balance
EndOf the periodThe Powers
France BritianAustria
AndRussia
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England slowly becoming a Power
Collecting taxes directly
Created a central bank
1650 used naval power to break down the Dutch
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The French
Streamlined taxesProtective tariffs to protect businessesTransportation network was improved
Could NotDirect taxesTax the noblesSecure low cost loans
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WOW – the Chapter is over!