AP BiologyGuided Reading Chapter 36

1. What does leaf area index measure?

2. What is self-pruning?

3. What are microcorrhizae?

4. What is the difference between passive and active transport?

5. What are transport proteins? What is the most important active transport protein?

6. What is cotransport?

7. Define the following:

a. osmosis -

b. water potential -

c. solute potential -

d. pressure potential –

e. turgid -

f. plasmodesmata -

8. Compare and contrast the three major pathways of transport:

a. transmembrane -

b. apoplastic -

c. symplastic -

9. What is bulk flow? What type of transport is it involved in? In what tissues does it occur?

10.What is endodermis? How is the Casparian strip related to the endodermis? What is the importance of the relationship between the endodermis and the Casparian strip?

11.What does xylem sap contain?

12.What processes drive bulk flow in the xylem?

13.Which is the main driving force, xylem push or xylem pull? What type of pressure is involved?

14.What is transpiration?

15.What is root pressure?

16.What is guttation?

17.Describe the Transpiration-Cohesion-Tension mechanism.

18.What are cohesion and adhesion? How do they relate to xylem sap pull?

19.What are stomata? What is the negative consequence for having stomata?

20.Explain the mechanism for stomatal opening and closing.

21.What are the stimuli for the opening of stomata?

22.What are the stimuli for the closing of stomata?

23.What are the effects of transpiration on wilting and leaf temperature?

24.What are xerophytes? List some adaptations they may to survive in arid environments.

25. What advantage do CAM plants have to survive in desert climates?

26.What is translocation?

27.What does phloem sap contain?

28.What is a sugar source? What is a sugar sink?

29.What process drives bulk flow in the phloem? What type of pressure is it?

30.How is phloem involved in electrical signaling in plants?

31.Describe how phloem can be considered an “Information Superhighway” in plants.

32.Label: