AP Biology Summer Assignment 2017

Welcome to AP Biology! Over the summer you will be responsible for completing 4 assignments as outlined below.

1. Writing an introductory letter to your AP Biology teacher2. Reading The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Skloot and answering questions3. Completing Math Problems and Graph Analysis that are relevant to AP Biology.4. Making a “Collection” of Biology items

You will be turning in various assignments at different times during the summer so make sure to read the due dates for each assignment and get them in on time!

You will be turning in all assignments in Google Classroom. Follow the instructions below to join the class and be able to access the assignments.

1. Log in to your Gibbons Google account2. Go to classroom.google.com3. Click +.4. Enter the code: f17r0z in the box and click Join.5. You now have access to the assignments.6. Make sure you hit the “Turn in” button to submit your work!

If you need help with Google Classroom visit this website:https://support.google.com/edu/classroom#topic=6020277

If you have any questions over the summer, please contact Ms. Kuszaj via e-mail at skuszaj@cghsnc.org

We look forward to seeing you in class in August!

Assignment Part 1

LETTER OF INTRODUCTION

Welcome to AP Biology!

We will spend a lot of time together next year, so it’s best if I get a head start on learning a bit about you. Also we will use the Internet and the Web a lot next year for this course, so let’s get you used to communicating via Google Classroom.

Your first digital assignment is to successfully attach a document to an assignment in Google Classroom.

Due date: Friday June 16, 2017

Draft a letter to me following these rules: a. Use clearly written, full sentences. Do not abbreviate words like you are texting with a friend. Use spell check! This isa professional communication like you would have with a college professor, so let’s practice for your rapidly nearingfuture!

b. Make the Title: “AP Bio: Introduction to <Insert Your Name Here>”

c. Begin the letter with a formal salutation, like “Dear AP Bio Teacher”

d. Now introduce yourself (your name) and tell a little bit about yourself, like:• What do you like to do (hobbies, sports, music, interests, etc.)?• Do you have a job?• Tell me a little bit about your family (Mom? Dad? Guardian? Siblings? Pets?)• What do your parents do for a living? What do you want to do after high school?• Was there anything that you liked about your earlier biology class?• What was the last book you read for fun?• What are you looking forward to the most in AP Biology?• What are you most anxious about in AP Biology?

Assignment Part 2

The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks

DIRECTIONS 1. Read The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks By Rebecca Skloot and then answer the discussion questions from the

Random House Reading Guide listed below.

2. Assignment is split between:• Prologue, Chapters 1-11 and #s1-8 of Chapters 12-20 due by Friday June 30th via Google Classroom.

Make sure you hit the “Turn in” button to submit your work!

• #s 9-18 from Chapters 12-20, Chapters 21-36 and Overall Questions due by Sunday July 30th via GoogleClassroom. Make sure you hit the “Turn in” button to submit your work!

3. Assignment must be typed directly into the document (12 pt font) and answers should be clearly labeled & numberedfor each chapter. Feel free to use a different color font to differentiate your answers from the questions. Answercompletely and in full sentences. Use good grammar and spelling (AP style) but be clear and concise; discussion shouldbe in your own words even if page numbers are referenced.

Prologue: The Woman in the Photograph 1. What happens when there is a mistake during the process of mitosis?2. According to Defler, how important was the discovery of HeLa cells?

Chapters 1-11 1. What did Howard Jones find “interesting” about Henrietta’s medical history? What does this finding suggest

about Henrietta’s cancer?2. How are different types of cancer categorized?3. Summarize Dr. TeLinde’s position in the debate over the treatment of cervical cancer.4. Explain how the development of the Pap smear improved the survival rate of women diagnosed with cervical

cancer.5. How did TeLinde hope to prove that his hypothesis about cervical cancer was correct?6. Explain what an immortal cell line is.7. Summarize the main obstacles Gey and his assistants faced in their effort to grow cells.8. Where did the name “HeLa” come from?9. What happened to the HeLa cells that Mary cultured?10. What did Gey hope to accomplish with HeLa cells?11. What did HeLa allow scientists to do for the first time?12. How did the media react to Carrel’s announcement that he had grown immortal chicken heart cells?13. What details suggest that Carrel’s claims about the immortal cell line were not scientifically sound?14. After her initial round of treatment, what did Henrietta’s doctors assume about the effectiveness of the radium

therapy?15. Describe the progression of Henrietta’s cancer in the eight months between her diagnosis and her death.

Chapters 12-20: 1. Explain how a neutralization test is used to determine a vaccine’s efficacy.2. What unusual characteristics of HeLa cells made them ideal for use in the polio vaccine trials?3. Paraphrase the explanation of how a virus reproduces found on page 97. Why did the fact that HeLa cells are

malignant make them particularly useful in the study of viruses?4. Why was the development of methods of freezing cells an important scientific breakthrough?5. Why did scientists want to be able to clone cells for research?6. Explain the contribution that HeLa made to the emerging field of genetics.7. Describe the experiment that Southam developed to test his hypothesis about HeLa.8. What was the result of Southam’s first research study? Based on these results, did his hypothesis appear to be

correct?9. Based on the results of the second study, what two things did Southam believe that injections of HeLa cells might

be able to do?10. How did Southam justify his decision to inject HeLa cells into patients without their knowledge or consent?11. Summarize the various ways that HeLa was used in the space program.12. What disturbing discovery did scientists make about the way HeLa responded in orbit?13. Explain what happens during somatic cell fusion.14. What scientific discoveries were made possible as a result of fused hybrid cells?15. How was Gartler able to link the contamination problem to HeLa?16. What unique abilities did HeLa have that allowed it to contaminate cultures without researchers being aware that

contamination had occurred?17. Why would HeLa contamination be a problem for researchers?18. What is “spontaneous transformation”? What did Gartler suggest about spontaneous transformation?

Chapters 21-36 1. What was the purpose of President Nixon’s National Cancer Act?2. Why did advances in genetic research necessitate establishing the legal requirement that doctors or researchers

obtain informed consent documentation prior to taking DNA samples from patients for research?3. Describe the lawsuit that set a legal precedent for patenting biological “products” such as cell lines.4. Summarize the pros and cons of giving patients legal ownership of their cells.5. What was the Supreme Court of California’s decision regarding the Moore lawsuit? Summarize the reasoning

behind the decision.6. Explain how the human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer.7. Are scientists able to definitively explain why HeLa grew so powerfully?8. Describe the contribution that HeLa has made to research on the HIV virus and the AIDS epidemic.

9. Explain Van Valen’s theory that HeLa cells are “no longer human.” Was his theory accepted by the scientificcommunity?

10. Explain the Hayflick limit.11. Why are HeLa cells able to live beyond the Hayflick limit?12. Summarize Gary’s spiritual explanation for why Henrietta’s cells lived on after her death.

Overall Questions:

1. There is often a tension between religious faith and science. Explore the importance of both religious faith andscientific understanding in the lives of the Lacks family. How does religious faith help frame the Lackses’response to, and interpretation of, the scientific information they receive about HeLa? How does Skloot’s attitudetoward the relationship between religious faith and science evolve as a result of her relationship with the Lacksfamily?

2. Using the book as a guide, describe the process of scientific inquiry. Examine the often contradictory forces ofaltruism and profit as they influenced research related to HeLa. What are the risks and benefits of allowing profitto guide research? What are the obstacles involved with conducting research purely for altruistic reasons?

3. Create a time line that begins with the removal of Henrietta’s tissue sample and traces the scientific and medicalbreakthroughs that have been made possible as a result of HeLa cells. Explain how HeLa cells were used in eachsituation.

Assignment Part 3

Math Practice

1. Read the information about interpreting graphs on Google Classroom2. Complete the Graphing Practice Packet and submit via Classroom by Sunday July 30th

3. Complete the Math Problems Summer Packet on Classroom to the best of your ability, use the formula sheet onClassroom to help you and submit via Classroom by Friday August 18th

AP Biology Graphing Summer Packet Interpreting Graphs The graph to the below represents the typical day of a teenager. Answer these questions in complete sentences.

4. ___________ What percent of the day is spent watching TV?5. ___________ How many hours are spent sleeping?6. What activity takes up the least amount of time?______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ 7. What activity takes up a quarter of the day?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8. What two activities take up 50% of the day?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9. What two activities take up 25% of the day?______________________________________________________________________________

Answer these questions about the graph below in complete sentences.

10. How many total miles did the car travel?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. Describe the motion of the car between hours 5 and 12?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________12. What direction is represented by line CD?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________13. How many miles were traveled in the first two hours of the trip?______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ The bar graph below represents the declared majors of freshman enrolling at a university. Answer the following questions in complete sentences.

14. What is the total freshman enrollment of the college?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. What percent of the students are majoring in physics?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 16. How many students are majoring in economics?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________17. How many more students major in poly sci than in psych?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Answer these questions about the graph below in complete sentences.

18. How much rain fell in Mar of 1989?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

19. How much more rain fell in Feb of 1990 than in Feb of 1989?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________20. Which year had the most rainfall?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________21. What is the wettest month on the graph?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

AP Biology Math Problems Summer Packet Instructions: Show all work to get full credit. Step by step. See Equation Sheet Rounding Places: Review Example: .123 The 1 is in the tenths place The 2 is in the hundreds place The 3 is in the thousandths place Water Potential Y = Ys+ Yp Ys= -iCRT • i = The number of particles the molecule will make in water; for NaCl this would be 2; for sucrose or glucose, thisnumber is 1• C = Molar concentration (from your experimental data; where the line of best fit crosses the x-axis)• R = Pressure constant = 0.0831 liter bar/mole K• T = Temperature in degrees Kelvin = 273 + °C of solutionSample Problem: TRY Your Best1. The molar concentration of a sugar solution in an open beaker has been determined to be 0.3M. Calculate the solutepotential at 27 oC. Round your answer to the nearest tenths.2. If a baby carrot with a water potential of 5.2 bars is put into this solution, what will happen? Why?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Laws of Probability3. Calculate the probability of tossing three coins simultaneously and obtaining three heads. Express in fraction form.Surface Area and Volume4. What is the surface area to volume ratio for this cell? Round your answer to the nearest hundredths

5. In the Diffusion Lab, agar cubes are used to illustrate the relationship of surface area/volume/diffusion rate. Fill in thevalues missing in the table

Block cm x cm Surface Area cm Volume ml

Surface Area:Volume Ratio

A 2 x 2

B 3 x 3 54

C 4 x 4 64 1.5:1

6. If you put each of the blocks above into a solution, into which block would that solution diffuse throughout the entireblock fastest? Slowest? How do you explain the difference?

Describe the relationship between the surface area: volume ratio and the percentage of the cube not affected by diffusion. Chi Square Phenotype # flies observed Red Eyes 134 White Eyes 66 Chi Square Strategy: a. Given = observed (o)b. Calculate the expected (e), usually do a Punnett square to figure this out how many phenotypes c. Plug in

7. A hetero red-eyed female was crossed with a red-eyed male. The results are shown below. Red eyes are sex-linkeddominant to white, determine the chi square value. Round to the nearest hundredth.Hardy-Weinberg 8. The allele for the hair pattern called “widow’s peak” is dominant over the allele for no “widow’s peak”. In apopulation of 100 individuals, 91 show the dominant phenotype.

What is the frequency of the dominant allele?

What is the frequency of the recessive allele?

How many individuals would you expect to be heterozygous for the trait? Rate Hydrogen peroxide is broken down to water and oxygen by the enzyme catalase. The following data were taken over 5 minutes.

9. What is the rate of enzymatic reaction in mL/min from 2 to 4 minutes? Round to the nearest hundreds.Population growth rate10. In 2009, the US had a population of about 307 million people. If there were 14 births and 8 deaths per 1000 people,what was the country's net population growth that year

(ignore immigration and emigration)? Round to nearest thousandths.

Assignment Part 4

BIOLOGY COLLECTION For this part of your summer assignment, you will be familiarizing yourself with science terms that we will be using at different points throughout the year. On the next page is the list of terms. 1. Select 20 terms

“Collect” 20 other items from this list of terms and submit this collection via Google Classroom by Friday August 18th .

When I say “collect”, I mean you should collect that item by finding it and taking a photograph of that item. You do not need to find the exact item on the list, say for example, if it is an internal part to an organism, but you must apply the term to the specimen you find and explain how this specimen represents the term. You may put your photographs in a slide show, document or other form you find useful and would like to use.

2. EXAMPLE: If you choose the term “phloem”, you could submit a photograph you have taken of a plant leaf or a plant stem and then explain below the picture what phloem is and specifically where phloem is in your specimen.

3. ORIGINAL PHOTOS ONLY: You cannot use an image from any publication or the Web. You must have taken the photograph yourself. To prove this you MUST place an item in all of your photographs that only you could have added each time, something that you might usually have on you like a pen or a coin or a key, etc.

4. NATURAL ITEMS ONLY: Some specimens may be used for more than one item, but all must be from something that you have found in nature. Take a walk around your yard, neighborhood, and town. DON’T SPEND ANY MONEY!Research what the term means and in what organisms it can be found...and then go out and find one.

5. TEAM WORK: You may work with other students in the class to complete this project, but each student must turn in his or her own project with a unique set of terms chosen. There are 75 choices... probability says there is a very small chance that any two students will have most of the same 20 terms chosen.

BIOLOGY COLLECTION TERMS 1. adaptation of an animal2. adaptation of a plant3. actin4. conifer leaf

5. amniotic egg6. radial symmetry7. angiosperm8. animal that is segmented

9. annelid10. anther & filament of stamen11. arthropod12. archaebacteria

13. autotroph 14. auxin 15. sporophyte 16. Batesian mimicry 17. bioaccumulation 18. bryophyte 19. C 4 plant 20. Calvin cycle 21. mutualism 22. cambium 23. cellulose 24. chitin 25. chlorophyll 26. cnidarian 27. coelomate 28. pollen 29. commensalism 30. connective tissue 31. cuticle layer of a plant 32. deciduous leaf 33. deuterostome

34. dicot plant with flower & leaf 35. diploid 36. echinoderm 37. ectotherm 38. endosperm 39. endotherm 40. enzyme 41. epithelial tissue 42. ethylene 43. eubacteria 44. eukaryote 45. exoskeleton 46. fermentation 47. flower ovary 48. frond 49. fruit – dry with seed 50. fruit – fleshy with seed 51. gametophyte 52. gastropod 53. genetically modified organism 54. gibberellins

55. glycogen 56. gymnosperm cone 57. xylem 58. heartwood 59. hermaphrodite 60. insect 61. K-strategist 62. niche 63. leaf – gymnosperm 64. parasite 65. lichen 66. lignin 67. lipid used for energy storage 68. littoral zone organism 69. long-day plant 70. meristem 71. unicellular 72. vascular plant tissue 73. platyhelminthes 74. monocot vs dicot 75. muscle fiber – striated