AP Biology

Nervous SystemsPart 5

Actin and Myosin Microfilaments

CYTOSOL

Ca2+Endoplasmicreticulum (ER)

IP3-gatedcalcium channel

IP3 (secondmessenger)

DAG

PIP2G-protein-linkedreceptor Phospholipase C

G protein

Signal molecule(first messenger)

EXTRACELLULARFLUID

GTP

Ca2+ (secondmessenger)

Variousproteinsactivated

Cellularre-sponses

Oscilli

Eye Cups

Compound eye up close

Compound eyes of insect

Single Eye

Location of the Retina in your eye

Rods vs. Cones(Look at the shape)

Rods and Cones in the Retina

Cone

Photoreceptors

Retina

RodNeurons

Pigmentedepithelium

Bipolarcell

Amacrinecell Horizontal

cellOpticnervefibers

Ganglioncell

Locomotion

Swimming and the Fusiform body shape

Walk/Run

Flight

.

Ca2+CYTOSOL

Ca2+

SR

PLASMAMEMBRANET TUBULESynaptic cleft

Synaptic terminalof motor neuron

ACh

.

Myosin-binding sites blocked.

Myosin-binding sites exposed.

Tropomyosin Ca2+-binding sites

Actin Troponin complex

Myosin-binding site

Ca2+

.

Thin filaments

Thick filament

Thin filament

Thick filament

Myosin head (low-energyconfiguration)

Cross-bridgebinding site

Myosin head (high-energy configuration)

Actin

Cross-bridge

Myosin head (low-energy configuration)

Thin filament movestoward center of sacomere.