AP BIOLOGY BIG IDEA #3 GENETICS AND INFORMATION TRANSFER BIG IDEA #2 CELLULAR PROCESSES CHAPTER 13,...
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Transcript of AP BIOLOGY BIG IDEA #3 GENETICS AND INFORMATION TRANSFER BIG IDEA #2 CELLULAR PROCESSES CHAPTER 13,...
AP BIOLOGYBIG IDEA #3 GENETICS AND INFORMATION TRANSFERBIG IDEA #2 CELLULAR PROCESSES
CHAPTER 13, 31 (FUNGI), 38 (PLANTS), 46 (ANIMALS)
MEIOSIS AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Basic Sexual Life Cycle
Process of Meiosis
Questions about meiosis:
•Which is more like mitosis, meiosis I or II? Explain?
•When do sister chromatids separate?
•When do homologous chromosomes line up?
• How many times does S phase (interphase) occur?
• How do the cells produced by meiosis compare to the original cells?
MEIOSIS AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION•ALLOW FOR INCREASED VARIATION IN OFFSPRING:•INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT OF CHROMOSOMES•CROSSING OVER•RANDOM FERTILIZATION
INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT OF CHROMOSOMES
CROSSING OVER
RANDOM FERTILIZATION
Animals and plants have evolved structures to aid in sexual reproduction:•Animals: Reproductive systems & associated hormonal control.
•Plants: Flowers•Investigation Question #1:•How do plants avoid self-reproduction?
Mechanisms for avoiding self-reproduction:•Plants can be separate sexes (monecious).•Plants can have flowers that are separate sexes.•Plants can have flowers that have both male and female parts but avoid “selfing” by:•Structural incompatibility•Temporal incompatibility•Genetic incompatibility
•Your job in lab will be to collect evidence to determine how Allostromeria species avoids self-reproduction!
Germination of Seeds Investigation #2•Experimental Question: Does temperature have an effect on germination?•Design an experiment to determine if warm or cool temperatures will impact the germination of seeds.
Investigation #3: Observing the process of meiosis in fungal spores
Patterns show crossing over:
Use the Lab Bench as a guide to help you understand what data you are collecting about your sample fungi:
• Experimental Question: What is the crossing over frequency of your Sordaria fungus?http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab3/design2.html
You will maintain a lab notebook for the genetics unit:• This lab notebook will be assigned a 100 point grade:
1) Flower reproduction lab2) Seed germination lab 3) Crossing over fungi lab 4) Embryo observations 5) Chi square and corn lab 6) Genetics problem set